Gates or no gates? A cross-european enquiry into the driving forces behind gated communities

Regional Studies

Volumn 46, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 293-308

  Cséfalvay, Zoltán ^a,b   Webster, Chris ^a  

^a CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b Andrássy Gyula Deutschsprachige Universität Budapest   (Hungary)

Author keywords

Europe; Fiscal federalism; Gated communities; Public choice

Indexed keywords

FEDERAL SYSTEM; FISCAL POLICY; GATED COMMUNITY; PUBLIC SECTOR;

EUROPE;

CYDONIA OBLONGA;

EID: 84858010455     PISSN: 00343404     EISSN: 13600591     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00343404.2010.505917     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Atkinson, R. 2008. Debate Article: The politics of gating (a response to private security and public space by Manzi and Smith-Bowers). European Journal of Spatial Development, May (available at: http://www.nordregio.se/EJSD/debate080506.pdf)
2. Atkinson, R. and Flint, J. 2004. Fortress UK? Gated communities, the spatial revolt of the elites and time-space trajectories of segregation. Housing Studies, 19(6): 875-892.
3. Atkinson, R. and Blandy, S. 2005. Introduction: International perspectives on the new enclavism and the rise of gated communities. Housing Studies, 20(2): 177-186.
4. Atkinson, R., Blandy, S., Flint, J. and Lister, D. 2005. Gated cities of today? Barricaded residential development in England. Town Planning Review, 76(4): 401-422.
5. Bach, S., Blöchlinger, H. and Wallau, D. 2009. The Spending Power of Sub-central Governments: A Pilot Study OECD Network on Fiscal Relations across Levels of Government, Working Paper Number 8. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Paris
6. Bailey, S. J. 1999. Local Government Economics: Principle and Practice, London: Macmillan.
7. Barton, S. and Silvermann, C. 1994. Common Interest Communities: Private Governments and the Public Interest, Edited by: Barton, S. and Silvermann, C. Berkeley, CA: Institute of Governmental Studies Press, University of California.
8. Bésingrand, D. 2007. The marginalization of the senior communities in France and Portugal [La marginalisation des communautés de seniors en France et au Portugal]. Bulletin d'Association de Geographes Francais, 84(3): 327-336.
9. Blakely, E. J. and Snyder, M. G. 1997. Fortress America. Gated Communities in the United States, Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution.
10. Blandy, S. 2006. Gated communities in England: historical perspectives and current developments. GeoJournal, 66(1-2): 5-26.
11. Blandy, S. and Lister, D. 2005. Gated communities: (Ne) gating community development?. Housing Studies, 20(2): 287-301.
12. Blöchlinger, H. and King, D. 2006. Less Than You Thought: The Fiscal Autonomy of Sub-central Governments, Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Economic Studies Number 43
13. Brabec, T. and Sýkora, L. 2009. Gated communities in Prague, in Smigiel C. (Ed.) Gated and Guarded Housing in Eastern Europe, pp. 83-89. Forum ifl, issue 11. Selbstverlag des Leibniz-Instituts für Länderkunde, Leipzig
14. Brennan, G. and Buchanan, J. M. 1977. Towards a tax constitution for leviathan. Journal of Public Economics, 8: 255-273.
15. Buchanan, J. M. 1965. An economic theory of clubs. Economica n.s. 32(125), 1-14
16. Charmes, E. 2007. Suburban fragmentation versus mobilities: is suburbanism opposed to urbanism?. CyberGeo,: 1-20.
17. Claessens, B. 2007. Gated communities. What's in a name?. Ruimte en Planning, 27(1): 28-49.
18. Cséfalvay, Z. 2009. Demythologising gated communities in Budapest, in Smigiel C. (Ed.) Gated and Guarded Housing in Eastern Europe, pp. 35-47. Forum ifl, issue 11. Selbstverlag des Leibniz-Instituts für Länderkunde, Leipzig
19. Csizmady, A. and Csanádi, G. 2009. From housing estates to gated communities, in Smigiel C. (Ed.) Gated and Guarded Housing in Eastern Europe, pp. 9-19. Forum ifl, issue 11. Selbstverlag des Leibniz-Instituts für Länderkunde, Leipzig
20. Deng, F. F., Gordon, P. and Richardson, H. W. 2007. Private communities, market institutions, and planning, in Verma N. (Ed.) Institutions and Planning. Current Research in Urban and Regional Studies Series, pp. 187-206. Elsevier, Oxford
21. Dollery, B. E. and Wallis, J. L. 2001. The Political Economy of Local Government, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
22. Dollery, B. E. and Worthington, A. C. 1996. The empirical analysis of fiscal illusion. Journal of Economic Surveys, 10(3): 261-237.
23. Ellin, N. 1997. Architecture of Fear, Edited by: Ellin, N. New York, NY: Princeton Architectural Press.
24. European Commission (Eurostat). 2009. Taxation Trends in the European Union - Data for the EU Member States and Norway, Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
25. Foldvary, F. 1994. Public Goods and Private Communities. The Market Provision of Social Services, Aldershot: Edward Elgar.
26. Gasior-Niemiec, A., Glasze, G. and Pütz, R. 2009. A glimpse over the rising walls: the reflection of post-Communist transformation in the polish discourse of gated communities. East European Politics and Societies, 23(2): 244-265.
27. Glassner, B. 1999. The Culture of Fear. Why Americans are Afraid of the Wrong Things, New York, NY: Basic.
28. Glasze, G. 2005. Some reflections on the economic and political organisation of private neighbourhoods. Housing Studies, 20(2): 221-233.
29. Hamers, D. and Tennekes, J. The effects of enclosed residential domains on the city's public realm in the Netherlands. Paper presented at the 5th International Conference of the Research Network Private Urban Governance and Gated Communities. Santiago de Chile, Chile. (available at: http://gated-communities.uchilefau.cl/)
30. Hancké, B., Martin, R. and Thatcher, M. 2007. Beyond Varieties of Capitalism: Conflict, Contradiction, and Complementarities in the European Economy, Edited by: Hancké, B., Martin, R. and Thatcher, M. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
31. Hegedu{double acute}s, G. 2009. Features of gated communities in the most populous Hungarian cities, in Smigiel C. (Ed.) Gated and Guarded Housing in Eastern Europe, pp. 91-99. Forum ifl, issue 11. Selbstverlag des Leibniz-Instituts für Länderkunde, Leipzig
32. Hines, J. R. and Thaler, R. H. 1995. The flypaper effect. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 9(4): 217-226.
33. Hirschman, A. O. 1970. Exit, Voice, and Loyalty. Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and State, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
34. International Monetary Fund (IMF). 2009. Government Finance Statistics June 2009 Edn. ESDS International, (Mimas) University of Manchester, Manchester
35. Judd, D. R. 1995. "The rise of the new walled cities". In Spatial Practices. Critical Explorations in Social/Spatial Theory, Edited by: Liggett, H. and Perry, D. C. 144-166. London: Sage.
36. Kajdanek, K. 2009. Is suburban housing in Wroclaw gated and why?, in Smigiel C. (Ed.) Gated and Guarded Housing in Eastern Europe, pp. 49-57. Forum ifl, issue 11. Selbstverlag des Leibniz-Instituts für Länderkunde, Leipzig
37. Kenna, T. E. and Dunn, K. M. 2009. The virtuous discourses of private communities. Geography Compass, 3(2): 797-816.
38. Lattré, B. 2008. Private woonbuurten of hypersuburbanisatie. Agora, 24(4): 31-33.
39. Le Goix, R. 2005. Gated communities: sprawl and social segregation in southern California. Housing Studies, 20(2): 323-324.
40. Low, S. 2003. Behind the Gates. Life, Security, and the Pursuit of Happiness in Fortress America, New York, NY: Routledge.
41. Madoré, F. and Glasze, G. 2003. The development of enclosed housing developments in France: an expanding phenomenon with multiple causes. Geographica Helvetica, 58(4): 325-339.
42. McKenzie, E. 1994. Privatopia: Homeowner Associations and the Rise of Residential Private Government, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
43. McKenzie, E. 2003. Common-interest housing in the communities of tomorrow. Housing Policy Debate, 14(1-2): 203-234.
44. Mieszkowski, P. and Mills, E. S. 1993. The causes of metropolitan suburbanization. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 7(3): 135-147.
45. Minton, A. 2009. Ground Control. Fear and Happiness in the Twenty-first Century City, London: Penguin.
46. Molotch, H. 1976. The city as a growth machine: toward a political economy of place. American Journal of Sociology, 82(2): 309-332.
47. Negura, O. 2009. Residential ensembles in 'hypermodern times'. A case study of their aspirations in Bucharest, in Smigiel C. (Ed.) Gated and Guarded Housing in Eastern Europe, pp. 57-67. Forum ifl, issue 11. Selbstverlag des Leibniz-Instituts für Länderkunde, Leipzig
48. Niskanen, W. A. 1971. Bureaucracy and representative government, Chicago, IL: Aldine.
49. Oates, W. E. 1972. Fiscal Federalism, New York, NY: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
50. Oates, W. E. 2005. Towards a second-generation theory of fiscal federalism. International Tax and Public Finance, 12: 349-373.
51. Oates, W. E. and Schwab, R. M. 2004. "What should local government tax: income or property?". In City Taxes, City Spending, Edited by: Schwartz, A. E. 7-29. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
52. Olson, M. 1969. The principle of 'fiscal equivalence': the division of responsibilities among different levels of government. American Economic Review, 59(2): 479-487.
53. Peck, J. and Theodore, N. 2007. Variegated capitalism. Progress in Human Geography, 31(6): 731-772.
54. Pociūtė, G. and Krupickaite, D. 2007. Gated communities in Lithuania: tendencies and peculiarities (a case of Vilnius and its environs). Annales Geographicae, 40(2): 14-27.
55. Pow, C.-P. 2009. 'Good' and 'real' places: a geographical-moral critique of territorial place-making. Geografsika Annaler, Series B, Human Geography, 91(2): 91-105.
56. Raposo, R. 2003. New landscapes: gated housing estates in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area. Geographica Helvetica, 58(4): 293-301.
57. Reich, R. B. 1991. Secession of the successful. New York Times Magazine, 20 January, 16
58. Rowley, C. K., Tollison, R. D. and Tullock, G. 1988. The Political Economy of Rent-seeking, Edited by: Rowley, C. K., Tollison, R. D. and Tullock, G. Boston, MA: Kluwer.
59. Rufat, S. 2003. Les « résidences fermées » à Bucarest: de « l'entre-soi » à la fragmentation?. Arches, 6: 83-93.
60. Sabatier, B. 2005. Les résidences fermées à Toulouse. Une offre immobilière construisant la ville privée. Espaces et sociétés, 123: 131-149.
61. Sanchez, T., Lang, R. E. and Dhavale, D. M. 2005. Security versus status? First look at the Census's gated community data. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 24(3): 282-291.
62. Scott, A. J., Agnew, J., Soja, E. and Storper, M. 2002. "Global city-regions". In Global City-regions: Trends, Theory, Policy, Edited by: Scott, A. J. 11-30. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
63. Stoyanov, P. and Frantz, K. 2006. Gated communities in Bulgaria: interpreting a new trend in post-Communist urban development. GeoJournal, 66(1/2): 57-63.
64. Tiebout, C. M. 1956. A pure theory of local expenditures. Journal of Political Economy, 64(5): 416-424.
65. Vesselinov, E., Cazessus, M. and Falk, W. 2007. Gated communities and spatial inequality. Journal of Urban Affairs, 29(2): 109-127.
66. Webster, C. J. 2001. Gated cities of tomorrow. Town Planning Review, 72(2): 149-169.
67. Webster, C. J. 2002. Property rights and the public realm: gates, green belts and gemeinschaft. Environment and Planning B, 29(3): 397-412.
68. Wehrhahn, R. 2000. Zur peripherie Postmoderner Metropolen: Periurbanisierung, Fragmentierung und Polarisierung, untersucht am Beispiel Madrid. Erdkunde, 54: 221-237.
69. Wehrhahn, R. 2003. Postmetropolis in Spanien? Neue Entwicklungen in Madrid und Barcelona. Georgraphische Rundschau, 55(5): 22-28.
70. Wehrhahn, R. and Raposo, R. 2006. "The rise of gated residential neighbourhoods in Portugal and Spain: Lisbon and Madrid". In Private Cities: Global and Local Perspectives, Edited by: Glasze, G., Webster, C. and Frantz, K. 170-189. Oxford: Routledge.
71. Xu, M. and Yang, Z. 2008. Theoretical debate on gated communities: genesis, controversies, and the way forward. Urban Design International, 13: 213-226.