Improving implicit and explicit intergroup attitudes using imagined contact: An experimental intervention with elementary school children

Group Processes and Intergroup Relations

Volumn 15, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 203-212

  Vezzali, Loris ^a   Capozza, Dora ^b   Giovannini, Dino ^a   Stathi, Sofia ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MODENA AND REGGIO EMILIA   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITY OF GREENWICH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

explicit and implicit prejudice; imagined intergroup contact; indirect contact; intergroup relations; self disclosure

Indexed keywords

EID: 84857599811     PISSN: 13684302     EISSN: 14617188     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1368430211424920     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Aberson C.L.,Haag S.C.Contact, perspective taking, and anxiety as predictors of stereotype endorsement, explicit atitudes, and implicit attitudes.Group Processes and Intergroup Relations. 2007;10:179-201.
2. Aboud F.E.A social-cognitive developmental theory of prejudice.Handbook of race, racism, and the developing child. Quintana S.E.McKnown C., ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley; 2008:55-71.
3. Abrams D.,Crisp R.J.,Marques S.,Fagg E.,Bedford L.,Provias D.Threat inoculation: Experienced and imagined intergenerational contact prevents stereotype threat effects on older people's math performance.Psychology and Aging. 2008;23:934-939.
4. Baron A.S.,Banaji M.R.The development of implicit attitudes: Evidence of race evaluations from ages 6 and 10 and adulthood.Psychological Science. 2006;17:53-58.
5. Baron R.M.,Kenny D.A.The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1986;51:1173-1182.
6. Berg J.,Wright-Buckley C.Effects of racial similarity and interviewer intimacy in a peer counseling analogue.Journal of Counseling Psychology. 1988;35:377-384.
7. Bigler R.S.,Liben L.S.Developmental intergroup theory.Current Directions in Psychological Science. 2007;16:162-166.
8. Cameron L.,Rutland A.Extended contact through story reading in school: Reducing children's prejudice toward the disabled.Journal of Social Issues. 2006;62:469-488.
9. Cameron L.,Rutland A.,Turner R.N.,Holman-Nicolas R.,Powell C."Changing attitudes with a little imagination": Imagined contact effects on young children's intergroup bias.Anales de Psicologia. 2011;27:708-717.
10. Crisp R.J.,Abrams D.Improving intergroup attitudes and reducing stereotype threat: An integrated contact model.European review of Social Psychology. 2008;19:242-284.
11. Crisp R.J.,Husnu S.,Meleady R.,Stathi S.,Turner R.N.From imagery to intention: A dual-route model of imagined contact effects.European Review of Social Psychology. 2010;21:188-236.
12. Crisp R.J.,Stathi S.,Turner R.N.,Husnu S.Imagined contact: Theory, paradigm and practice.Social and Personality Psychology Compass. 2009;3:1-18.
13. Crisp R.J.,Turner R.N.Can imagined contact interactions produce positive perceptions? Reducing prejudice through simulated social contact.American Psychologist. 2009;64:231-240.
14. Crisp R.J.,Turner R.N.Have confidence in contact.American Psychologist. 2010;65:133-135.
15. Degner J.,Wentura D.Automatic prejudice in childhood and early adolescence.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2010;98:356-374.
16. Dovidio J.F.,Kawakami K.,Gaertner S.L.Implicit and explicit prejudice and interracial interaction.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2002;82:62-68.
17. Dovidio J.F.,Kawakami K.,Johnson C.,Johnson B.,Howard A.On the nature of prejudice: Automatic and controlled processes.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 1997;33:510-540.
18. Dunham Y.,Baron A.S.,Banaji M.R.From American city to Japanese village: The omnipresence of implicit race attitudes.Child Development. 2006;77:1268-1281.
19. Edmonds C.,Killen M.Do adolescents' perceptions of parental racial attitudes relate to their intergroup contact and cross-race relationships?.Group Processes and Intergroup Relations. 2009;12:5-21.
20. Gawronski B.,Bodenhausen G.V.Associative and propositional processes in evaluation: An integrative review of implicit and explicit attitude change.Psychological Bulletin. 2006;132:692-731.
21. Gawronski B.,Bodenhausen G.V.Unraveling the processes underlying evaluation: Attitudes from the perspective of the APE model.Social Cognition. 2007;25:687-717.
22. Greenwald A.G.,Nosek B.A.,Banaji M.R.Understanding and using the implicit association test: I. An improved scoring algorithm.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2003;85:197-216.
23. Greenwald A.G.,Poehlman T.A.,Uhlmann E.L.,Banaji M.R.Understanding and using the implicit association test: III. Meta-analysis of predictive validity.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2009;97:17-41.
24. Harwood J.,Paolini S.,Joyce N.,Rubin M.,Arroyo A.Secondary transfer effects from imagined contact: Group similarity affects the generalization gradient.British Journal of Social Psychology. 2011;50:180-189.
25. Husnu S.,Crisp R.J.Elaboration enhances the imagined contact effect.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2010a;46:943-950.
26. Husnu S.,Crisp R.J.Imagined intergroup contact: A new technique for encouraging greater inter-ethnic contact in Cyprus.Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology. 2010b;16:97-108.
27. Miller N.Personalization and the promise of contact theory.Journal of Social Issues. 2002;58:387-410.
28. Paluck E.L.,Green D.P.Prejudice reduction: What works? A critical look at evidence from the field and the laboratory.Annual Review of Psychology. 2009;60:339-367.
29. Pettigrew T.F.,Tropp L.R.A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2006;90:751-783.
30. Preacher K.J.,Hayes A.F.Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models.Behavior Research Methods. 2008;40:879-881.
31. Reis H.T.,Shaver P.Intimacy as an interpersonal process.Handbook of personal relationships. Duck S., ed. Chichester: Wiley; 1988:367-389.
32. Rutland A.,Cameron L.,Milne A.,McGeorge P.Social norms and self-presentation: Children's implicit and explicit intergroup attitudes.Child Development. 2005;76:451-466.
33. Sinclair L.,Dunn E.,Lowery B.S.The relationship between parental racial attitudes and children's implicit prejudice.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2005;41:283-289.
34. Stathi S.,Cameron L.,Bradford S.Developing and evaluating imagined contact as a prejudice-reduction intervention for schools. 2011;:.
35. Stathi S.,Crisp R.J.Imagining intergroup contact promotes projection to outgroups.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2008;44:943-957.
36. Stathi S.,Crisp R.J.,Hogg M.A.Imagining intergroup contact enables member-to-group generalization.Group Dynamics. 2011;15:275-284.
37. Towles-Schwen T.,Fazio R.H.Automatically activated racial attitudes as predictors of the success of interracial roommate relationships.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2006;42:698-705.
38. Turner R.N.,Crisp R.J.Imagining intergroup contact reduces implicit prejudice.British Journal of Social Psychology. 2010;49:129-142.
39. Turner R.N.,Crisp R.J.,Lambert E.Imagining intergroup contact can improve intergroup attitudes.Group Processes and Intergroup Relations. 2007;10:427-441.
40. Turner R.N.,Hewstone M.,Voci A.Reducing explicit and implicit outgroup prejudice via direct and extended contact: The mediating role of self-disclosure and intergroup anxiety.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2007;93:369-388.
41. Turner R.N.,Hewstone M.,Voci A.,Paolini S.,Christ O.Reducing prejudice via direct and extended cross-group friendship.European Review of Social Psychology. 2007;18:212-255.
42. Vezzali L.,Capozza D.,Pasin A.Effetti del contatto tra normodotati e disabili in contesti di lavoro.Rivista Sperimentale di Freniatria. 2009;3:143-160.
43. Vezzali L.,Giovannini D.Intergroup contact and reduction of explicit and implicit prejudice towards immigrants: A study with Italian businessmen owning small and medium enterprises.Quality and Quantity. 2011;45:213-222.
44. Vezzali L.,Stathi S.,Giovannini D.Improving adolescents' attitudes and behavioral intentions toward immigrants.Psychology in the Schools. in press;:.
45. West K.,Holmes E.,Hewstone M.Enhancing imagined contact to reduce prejudice against people with schizophrenia.Group Processes and Intergroup Relations. 2011;14:407-428.
46. Wright S.C.,Aron A.,McLaughlin-Volpe T.,Ropp S.A.The extended contact effect: Knowledge of cross-group friendships and prejudice.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1997;73:73-90.