Differential association between the norepinephrine transporter gene and ADHD: Role of sex and subtype

Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience

Volumn 37, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 129-137

  Sengupta, Sarojini M ^a   Grizenko, Natalie ^a,b   Thakur, Geeta A ^a,b   Bellingham, Johanne ^a   Deguzman, Rosherrie ^a   Robinson, Sandra ^a   Terstepanian, Marina ^b   Poloskia, Anna ^b   Shaheen, S M ^c   Fortier, Marie Eve ^a,b   Choudhry, Zia ^a,b   Joober, Ridha ^a,b  

^a MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NORADRENALIN;

ARTICLE; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER; CHILD; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; FEMALE; GENE; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; GENETIC VARIABILITY; HAPLOTYPE; HUMAN; MALE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHENOTYPE; PRESCHOOL CHILD; SCHOOL CHILD; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM;

EID: 84857550440     PISSN: 11804882     EISSN: 14882434     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1503/jpn.110073     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Faraone SV, Sergeant J, Gillberg C, et al. The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: Is it an American condition? World Psychiatry 2003; 2:104-13.
2. Diamond A. Attention-deficit disorder (attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder without hyperactivity): a neurobiologic ally and behaviorally distinct disorder from attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (with hyperactivity). Dev Psychopathol 2005;17: 807-25.
3. Biederman J, Faraone SV. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Lancet 2005;366:237-48.
4. Gaub M, Carlson CL. Gender differences in ADHD: a meta-analysis and critical review. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997;36: 1036-45.
5. Rhee SH, Waldman ID, Hay DA, et al. Sex differences in genetic and environmental influences on DSM-III-R attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Abnorm Psychol 1999;108:24-41.
6. Carlson CL, Mann M. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, predominantly inattentive subtype. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2000;9:499-510.
7. Gershon J. A meta-analytic review of gender differences in ADHD. J Atten Disord 2002;5:143-54.
8. Smalley SL, McGough JJ, Del'Homme M, et al. Familial clustering of symptoms and disruptive behaviors in multiplex families with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2000;39:1135-43.
9. Faraone SV, Perlis RH, Doyle AE, et al. Molecular genetics of attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2005;57:1313-23.
10. Pliszka SR. The neuropsychopharmacology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2005;57:1385-90.
11. Krause KH, Dresel SH, Krause J, et al. Increased striatal dopamine transporter in adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: effects of methylphenidate as measured by single photon emission computed tomography. Neurosci Lett 2000;285:107-10.
12. Madras BK, Miller GM, Fischman AJ. The dopamine transporter and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2005; 57: 1397-409.
13. Volkow ND, Wang G, Fowler JS, et al. Therapeutic doses of oral methylphenidate significantly increase extracellular dopamine in the human brain. J Neurosci 2001;21:RC121.
14. Biederman J, Spencer T. Methylphenidate in treatment of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Atten Disord 2002; 6(Suppl 1):S101-7.
15. Del CN, Chamberlain SR, Sahakian BJ, et al. The roles of dopamine and noradrenaline in the pathophysiology and treatment of attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2011;69:e145-57.
16. Arnsten AF, Pliszka SR. Catecholamine influences on prefrontal cortical function: relevance to treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and related disorders. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2011; 99:211-6.
17. Arnsten AF. Through the looking glass: differential noradenergic modulation of prefrontal cortical function. Neural Plast 2000;7:133-46.
18. Biederman J, Newcorn J, Sprich S. Comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with conduct, depressive, anxiety, and other disorders. Am J Psychiatry 1991;148:564-77.
19. Ordway GA, Schwartz MA, Frazer A. Brain norepinephrine: neuro - biology and therapeutics. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press; 2007.
20. Uhl GR, Johnson PS. Neurotransmitter transporters: three important gene families for neuronal function. J Exp Biol 1994;196:229-36.
21. Barr CL, Kroft J, Feng Y, et al. The norepinephrine transporter gene and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Med Genet 2002; 114:255-9.
22. Bobb AJ, Addington AM, Sidransky E, et al. Support for association between ADHD and two candidate genes: NET1 and DRD1. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2005;134B:67-72.
23. De Luca V, Muglia P, Jain U, et al. No evidence of linkage or association between the norepinephrine transporter (NET) gene MnlI polymorphism and adult ADHD. Am J Med Genet 2004;124:38-40.
24. McEvoy B, Hawi Z, Fitzgerald M, et al. No evidence of linkage or association between the norepinephrine transporter (NET) gene polymorphisms and ADHD in the Irish population. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2002;114:665-6.
25. Retz W, Rosler M, Kissling C, et al. Norepinephrine transporter and catecholamine-O-methyltransferase gene variants and attention -deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in adults. J Neural Transm 2008;115:323-9.
26. Kim CH, Hahn MK, Joung Y, et al. A polymorphism in the norepinephrine transporter gene alters promoter activity and is associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006;103:19164-9.
27. Kim CH, Waldman ID, Blakely RD, et al. Functional gene variation in the human norepinephrine transporter: association with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008;1129: 256-60.
28. Cho SC, Kim JW, Kim BN, et al. No evidence of an association between norepinephrine transporter gene polymorphisms and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a family-based and case-control association study in a Korean sample. Neuropsychobiology 2008;57: 131-8.
29. Biederman J, Kim JW, Doyle AE, et al. Sexually dimorphic effects of four genes (COMT, SLC6A2, MAOA, SLC6A4) in genetic associations of ADHD: a preliminary study. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2008;147B:1511-8.
30. Brookes K, Xu X, Chen W, et al. The analysis of 51 genes in DSMIV combined type attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: association signals in DRD4, DAT1 and 16 other genes. Mol Psychiatry 2006; 11:934-53.
31. Kim JW, Biederman J, McGrath CL, et al. Further evidence of association between two NET single-nucleotide polymorphisms with ADHD. Mol Psychiatry 2008;13:624-30.
32. Xu X, Knight J, Brookes K, et al. DNA pooling analysis of 21 norepinephrine transporter gene SNPs with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: no evidence for association. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2005;134B:115-8.
33. Xu X, Hawi Z, Brookes KJ, et al. Replication of a rare protective allele in the noradrenaline transporter gene and ADHD. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2008;147B:1564-7.
34. Forero DA, Arboleda GH, Vasquez R, et al. Candidate genes involved in neural plasticity and the risk for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis of 8 common variants. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2009;34:361-6.
35. Kuntsi J, Rijsdijk F, Ronald A, et al. Genetic influences on the stability of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms from early to middle childhood. Biol Psychiatry 2005;57:647-54.
36. Lasky-Su J, Neale BM, Franke B, et al. Genome-wide association scan of quantitative traits for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder identifies novel associations and confirms candidate gene associations. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2008;147B:1345-54.
37. Thapar A, Langley K, O'Donovan M, et al. Refining the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder phenotype for molecular genetic studies. Mol Psychiatry 2006;11:714-20.
38. Grizenko N, Kovacina B, Amor LB, et al. Relationship between response to methylphenidate treatment in children with ADHD and psychopathology in their families. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2006;45:47-53.
39. Shaffer D, Fisher P, Lucas CP, et al. NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV (NIMH Drosoph Inf ServC-IV): description, differences from previous versions, and reliability of some common diagnoses. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2000; 39:28-38.
40. Conners CK, Sitarenios G, Parker JD, et al. Revision and restandardization of the Conners Teacher Rating Scale (CTRS-R): factor structure, reliability, and criterion validity. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1998;26:279-91.
41. Conners CK, Sitarenios G, Parker JD, et al. The revised Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS-R): factor structure, reliability, and criterion validity. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1998;26:257-68.
42. Achenbach TM. Manual for the Child Behavioral Checklist/4-18 and 1991 Profile. Burlington (VT): University of Vermont Department of Psychiatry; 1991.
43. Hudziak JJ, Derks EM, Althoff RR, et al. The genetic and environmental contributions to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder as measured by the Conners' Rating Scales-Revised. Am J Psychiatry 2005; 162:1614-20.
44. Touliatos J, Lindholm BW. Congruence of parents' and teachers' ratings of children's behavior problems. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1981;9:347-54.
45. Mitsis EM, McKay KE, Schulz KP, et al. Parent-teacher concord - ance for DSM-IV attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a clinic-referred sample. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2000; 39: 308-13.
46. Ehrich M, Bocker S, van den BD. Multiplexed discovery of sequence polymorphisms using base-specific cleavage and MALDI-TOF MS. Nucleic Acids Res 2005;33:e38.
47. Stephens M, Smith NJ, Donnelly P. A new statistical method for haplotype reconstruction from population data. Am J Hum Genet 2001; 68:978-89.
48. Gabriel SB, Schaffner SF, Nguyen H, et al. The structure of haplotype blocks in the human genome. Science 2002;296:2225-9.
49. Horvath S, Xu X, Laird NM. The family based association test method: strategies for studying general genotype-phenotype associations. Eur J Hum Genet 2001;9:301-6.
50. Lange C, DeMeo D, Silverman EK, et al. Using the noninformative families in family-based association tests: a powerful new testing strategy. Am J Hum Genet 2003;73:801-11.
51. Stawicki JA, Nigg JT. von EA. Family psychiatric history evidence on the nosological relations of DSM-IV ADHD combined and inattentive subtypes: new data and meta-analysis. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2006;47:935-45.
52. Grizenko N, Paci M, Joober R. Is the inattentive subtype of ADHD different from the combined/hyperactive subtype? J Atten Disord 2010; 13:649-57.
53. Kim CH, Kim HS, Cubells JF, et al. A previously undescribed intron and extensive 5' upstream sequence, but not Phox2amediated transactivation, are necessary for high level cell typespecific expression of the human norepinephrine transporter gene. J Biol Chem 1999;274:6507-18.
54. Lahey BB, Pelham WE, Loney J, et al. Instability of the DSM-IV Subtypes of ADHD from preschool through elementary school. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005;62:896-902.