Transfer and uptake of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) into meat and organs of indoor and outdoor reared pigs

Food Additives and Contaminants - Part A Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure and Risk Assessment

Volumn 29, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 431-448

  Rose, M ^a   Fernandes, A ^a   Foxall, C ^b   Dowding, A ^c  

^a FOOD AND ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH AGENCY   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA   (United Kingdom)

^c FOOD STANDARDS AGENCY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Animal feed; Chromatography GC MS; Dioxins; Dioxins TEQs; Environmental contaminants; Health significance; Meat; Risk assessment

Indexed keywords

COMMERCE; HEALTH RISKS; MAMMALS; MEATS; ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; RISK ASSESSMENT; SOILS;

ANIMAL FEED; CHROMATOGRAPHY - GC/MS; DIOXINS; DIOXINS - TEQS; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANT; HEALTH SIGNIFICANCES;

CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION;

POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL DERIVATIVE; POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZODIOXIN; POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURAN;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BED; BIOASSAY; BIOTRANSFER FACTOR; BODY FAT; CHLORINATION; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); CONTROLLED STUDY; DIET; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; EUROPEAN UNION; FEEDING; FOOD CONTAMINATION; FOOD INTAKE; FOOD PROCESSING; ION TRANSPORT; KIDNEY; LIVER; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MEAT; MEAT INDUSTRY; MILK; MUSCLE; NONHUMAN; ORGAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REARING; SOIL; SOW (SWINE); SUBSTITUTION REACTION; SWINE;

EID: 84857382452     PISSN: 19440049     EISSN: 19440057     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2011.635346     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Abad E, Llerena JJ, Saulo J, Caixach J, Rivera J. 2002. Study on PCDDs/PCDFs and co-PCBs content in food samples from Catalonia (Spain). Chemosphere. 46:1435–1441
2. Agriculture Research Council. 1967. The nutrient requirements of farm livestock. Technical Review No. 3. Pigs. London:Agricultural Research Council
3. Beck, H, Eckart, K, Marthar, W, and Wittkowski, R. 1989. PCDD and PCDF body burden from food intake in the Federal Republic of Germany. Chemosphere, 18:417–424.
4. Bernard, A, Broeckaert, F, De Poorter, G, De Cock, A, Hermans, C, Saegerman, C, and Houins, G. 2002. The Belgian PCB/dioxin incident:analysis of the food chain contamination and health risk evaluation. Environ. Res, 88:1–18.
5. Bluthgen, A, Heeschen, W, and Ruoff, U. 1995. Studies on the carry over of selected polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins and -furans (PCDD/Fs) in the milk of lactating cows after oral supplementation. Milchwissenschaft, 50:508–513.
6. Borchard, RE, Welborn, ME, Hansen, LG, Link, RP, and Teske, RH. 1976. Apparent pharmacokinetics of PCB components in growing pigs and lambs when fed a ration containing Aroclor 1254. Archiv Environ Contamin Toxicol, 4:226–245.
7. British Society for Animal Science. 2003. Nutrient requirement standards for pigs. Midlothian, Scotland:British Society for Animal Science
8. Chang, R, Hayward, D, Goldman, L, Harnly, M, Flattery, J, and Stephens, R. 1989. Foraging farm animals as biomonitors for dioxin contamination. Chemosphere, 19:481–486.
9. Douben, PET, Alcock, RE, and Jones, KC. 1997. Congener specific transfer of PCDD/Fs from air to cow's milk:an evaluation of current modelling approaches. Environ Pollut, 95:333–344.
10. Eljarrat E, Monjonell A, Caixach J, Rivera J. 2002. Toxic potency of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans and polychlorinated biphanyls in food samples from Catalonia (Spain). J Agric Food Chem. 1161–1167
11. European Commission. 2002. Council Directive 2002/70/EC of 26 July 2002 establishing requirements for the determination of levels of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in feedingstuffs. Off J Eur Comm. L, 209/15:15–21.
12. Fernandes, A, Foxall, C, Lovett, A, Rose, M, and Dowding, A. 2011. The assimilation of dioxins and PCBs in conventionally reared farm animals:occurrence and biotransfer factors. Chemosphere, 83:815–822.
13. Fernandes, A, Mortimer, D, Rose, M, and Gem, M. 2010. Dioxins (PCDD/Fs) and PCBs in offal:occurrence and dietary exposure. Chemosphere, 81:536–540.
14. Fernandes, A, White, S, D'silva, K, and Rose, M. 2004. Simultaneous determination of PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs and PBDEs in food. Talanta, 63 (5):1147–1155.
15. Focant, J-F, Eppe, G, Pirard, C, Massart, A-C, Andre, J-E, and De Pauw, E. 2002. Levels and congener distributions of PCDDs, PCDFs and non-ortho PCBs in Belgian foodstuffs. Assessment of dietary intake. Chemosphere, 48:167–179.
16. Foxall, C, Lovett, A, Sunnenberg, G, Anderson, B, Crook, L, Dunning, P, Farley, A, Fuller, B, Morton, D, and Nix, C. et al. 2004. Final Report:Transfer and uptake of organic contaminants into meat and eggs of chickens, sheep and pigs. Project Code CO1020. London, UK:Food Standards Agency
17. Fries, GF. 1996. Ingestion of sludge applied organic chemicals by animals. Sci Total Environ, 185:93–108.
18. Fries, GF, Marrow, GS, and Snow, PA. 1982. Soil ingestion by swine as a route of contaminant exposure. Environ Toxicol Chem, 1:201–204.
19. FSA. 2000. Dioxins and PCBs in the UK Diet:1997. Total Diet Study (Number 04/00). Food Standards Agency, UK
20. Furst, P, Furst, C, and Groebal, W. 1990. Levels of PCDDs and PCDFs in food-stuffs from the Federal Republic of Germany. Chemosphere, 20:787–792.
21. Goldman, LR, Hayward, DG, Flattery, J, Harnley, ME, Patterson, DG, Needham, LL, Siegel, D, Chang, R, Stephens, RD, and Kizer, KW. 1989. Serum adipose and autopsy tissue PCDD and PCDF levels in people eating dioxin contaminated beef and chicken eggs. Chemosphere, 19:841–848.
22. Hansen, LG, Washko, PW, Tuinistra, LG, Dorn, SB, and Hinesly, TD. 1981. Polychlorinated biphenyl, pesticide and heavy metal residues in swine foraging on sewage sludge amended soils. J Agric Food Chem, 29:1012–1017.
23. Harrad, SJ, and Smith, DJT. 1997. Evaluation of a terrestrial food chain model for estimating foodstuff concentrations of PCDD/Fs. Chemosphere, 34:1723–1737.
24. Healey, WB, Cutress, TW, and Michie, C. 1967. Wear of sheep's teeth IV. Production of soil ingestion and tooth wear by supplementary feeding. NZ J Agric Res, 10:201–209.
25. Healey, WB, and Drew, KR. 1970. Ingestion of soil by hoggets grazing swedes. NZ J Agric Res, 13:940–944.
26. Jacobs, LW, Fries, GF, Shull, LR, and Sleight, SD. 1981. Residual polybrominated biphenyl contamination of farms:environmental repositories of residual contamination. Abstracts of the 2nd Annual Meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. Arlington, VA, USA
27. Kiviranta H, Hallikainen A, Ovaskainen M-L, Kumpulainen J, Vartiaianen T. 2001. Dietary intakes of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and polychlorinated biphenyls in Finland. Food Addit Contam 14:355–366
28. Liem, AKD, and Theelen, RMC. 1997. Dioxins:chemical analysis, exposure and risk assessment [Thesis], Bilthoven:National Institute of Public Health and the Environment.
29. Lorber, M, Saunders, P, Ferrario, J, Leese, W, Winters, D, Cleverly, D, Schaum, J, Deyrup, C, Ellis, R, Walcott, J. 1997. A statistical survey of dioxin-like compounds in United States pork fat. Organohalogen Compounds, 32:238–244.
30. MAFF. 1997. Dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls in foods and human milk. Food Surveillance Information Sheet, 105. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
31. McLachlan, MS. 1993. Mass balance of polychlorinated biphenyls and other organochlorine compounds in a lactating cow. J Agric Food Chem, 41:474–480.
32. McLachlan, MS. 1997. A simple model to predict accumulation of PCDD/Fs in an agricultural food chain. Chemosphere, 34:1263–1276.
33. National Institute of Public Health. 2005. Interlaboratory comparison on dioxins in food–second round of an international study, Oslo (Norway):National Institute of Public Health.
34. Rose, M, Mortimer, D, Gem, M, Petch, R, Fernandes, A, and Livesey, C. 2010. Considerations for the regulation of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, furans (PCDD/Fs) and biphenyls (PCBs) in liver. Qual Assur Saf Crop Food, 2 (2):72–77.
35. Rose, M, Harrison, N, Gem, M, Fernandes, A, White, S, Duff, M, Costley, C, Leon, I, Petch, RS, Holland, J. 2005. Dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCDD/Fs and PCBs) in food from farms close to foot and mouth disease animal pyres. J Environ Monit, 7:378–383.
36. Ryan, JJ, Lizotle, R, Sakuma, T, and Mori, B. 1985. Chlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins, chlorinated dibenzofurans and pentachlorophenol in Canadian chicken and pork samples. J Agric Food Chem, 33:1021–1026.
37. Rychen, G, Laurent, C, Feidt, C, Grova, N, Lafargue, PE, Hachimi, A, and Laurent, F. 2002. Milk–arterial plasma transfer of PCDDs and PCDFs in pigs. J Agric Food Chem, 50:1695–1699.
38. Schecter A, Cramer P, Boggess K, Stanley J, Papke O, Olson J, Silver A, Schmitz M. 2001. Intake of dioxins and related compounds from food in the U.S. population. J Toxicol Environ Health 63:1–18
39. Schuler, F, Schmid, P, and Schlatter, C. 1997. Transfer of airborne polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans into dairy milk. J Agric Food Chem, 45:4162–4167.
40. Slob, W, Olling, M, Derks, HJGM, and de Jong, APJM. 1995. Congener-specific bioavailability of PCDD/F's and coplanar PCBs in cows. Chemosphere, 31:3827–3828.
41. Stevens, JB, and Gerbec, EN. 1998. Dioxin in the agricultural food chain. Risk Anal, 8:329–335.
42. Thomas, GO, Sweetman, AJ, and Jones, KC. 1999. Input–output balance of polychlorinated biphenyls in a long-term study of lactating daily cows. Environ Sci Technol, 33:104–112.
43. Wittsiepe, J, Erlenkämper, B, Welge, P, Hack, A, and Wilhelm, M. 2004. Bioavailability of PCDD/F from contaminated soil in young Goettingen minipigs. Organohalogen Compounds, 66:2945–2951.
44. Wittsiepe, J, Erlenkämper, B, Welge, P, Hack, A, and Wilhelm, M. 2007. Bioavailability of PCDD/F from contaminated soil in young Goettingen minipigs. Chemosphere, 67:S355–S364.