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The study reviews state-of-the-art technologies used for monitoring HIV-1 RNA levels in both developed and developing country settings and discusses emerging approaches based on microfluidics and nanotechnology which have the potential to be integrated into point-of-care HIV-1 RNA load assays.
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Wang S, Xu F, Demirci U. Advances in developing HIV-1 viral load assays for resource-limited settings. Biotechnol Adv 2010; 28:770-781. The study reviews state-of-the-art technologies used for monitoring HIV-1 RNA levels in both developed and developing country settings, and discusses emerging approaches based on microfluidics and nanotechnology, which have the potential to be integrated into point-of-care HIV-1 RNA load assays.
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(2010)
Biotechnol. Adv.
, vol.28
, pp. 770-781
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Wang, S.1
Xu, F.2
Demirci, U.3
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76
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77950931634
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A rapid and automated sample-to-result HIV load test for near-patient application
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This study presents evidence that the Liat HIV Quant Assay has performance equivalent to that of commercial HIV load assays and significantly reduces assay time, simplifies test operation, and provides biocontainment to allow operation in nonlaboratory settings. The Liat assay demonstrates linearity of more than 6 log10 and a limit of detection of 57 copies/ml.
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Tanriverdi S, Chen L, Chen S. A rapid and automated sample-to-result HIV load test for near-patient application. J Infect Dis 2010; 201 (Suppl 1):S52-S58. This study presents evidence that the Liat HIV Quant Assay has performance equivalent to that of commercial HIV load assays and significantly reduces assay time, simplifies test operation, and provides biocontainment to allow operation in nonlaboratory settings. The Liat assay demonstrates linearity of more than 6 log10 and a limit of detection of 57 copies/ml.
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(2010)
J. Infect. Dis.
, vol.201
, Issue.1
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Tanriverdi, S.1
Chen, L.2
Chen, S.3
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77
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77955434908
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HIV load testing with small samples of whole blood
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This study demonstrates the feasibility of small volumes of whole blood as valid samples for HIV-1 RNA load testing Through analysis of 1094 sample pairs the authors estimated that the probability of detecting HIV nucleic acids in 10 ml of blood was 59.3 85.1 91.5 and 100% when the plasma samples had an HIV-1 RNA load that was undetectable detectable but lower than 40 copies/ml between 40 and 4000 copies/ml and greater than 4000 copies/ml respectively.
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Steinmetzer K, Seidel T, Stallmach A, Ermantraut E. HIV load testing with small samples of whole blood. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 48:2786- 2792. This study demonstrates the feasibility of small volumes of whole blood as valid samples for HIV-1 RNA load testing. Through analysis of 1094 sample pairs, the authors estimated that the probability of detecting HIV nucleic acids in 10 ml of blood was 59.3, 85.1, 91.5, and 100% when the plasma samples had an HIV-1 RNA load that was undetectable, detectable but lower than 40 copies/ml, between 40 and 4000 copies/ml, and greater than 4000 copies/ml, respectively.
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(2010)
J. Clin. Microbiol.
, vol.48
, pp. 2786-2792
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Steinmetzer, K.1
Seidel, T.2
Stallmach, A.3
Ermantraut, E.4
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78
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79954778134
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Point-of-care nucleic acid testing for infectious diseases
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Niemz A, Ferguson TM, Boyle DS. Point-of-care nucleic acid testing for infectious diseases. Trends Biotechnol 2011; 29:240-250.
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(2011)
Trends Biotechnol.
, vol.29
, pp. 240-250
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Niemz, A.1
Ferguson, T.M.2
Boyle, D.S.3
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79
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79955809939
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A simple inexpensive device for nucleic acid amplification without electricity -toward instrumentfree molecular diagnostics in low-resource settings
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This paper discusses the design and development of noninstrumented molecular diagnostic tests that exploit the benefits of isothermal amplification strategies. The authors identified modular instrument-free technologies for sample collection sample preparation amplification heating and detection and suggest development of an easy-to-use infrastructure-independent diagnostic test that can enable increased use of highly accurate molecular diagnostics at the point of care in low-resource settings
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LaBarre P, Hawkins KR, Gerlach J, et al. A simple, inexpensive device for nucleic acid amplification without electricity - toward instrumentfree molecular diagnostics in low-resource settings. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19738. This paper discusses the design and development of noninstrumented molecular diagnostic tests that exploit the benefits of isothermal amplification strategies. The authors identified modular instrument-free technologies for sample collection, sample preparation, amplification, heating, and detection, and suggest development of an easy-to-use, infrastructure-independent diagnostic test that can enable increased use of highly accurate molecular diagnostics at the point of care in low-resource settings.
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(2011)
PLoS One
, vol.6
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LaBarre, P.1
Hawkins, K.R.2
Gerlach, J.3
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80
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76149129743
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Acyclovir and transmission of HIV-1 from persons infected with HIV-1 and HSV-2
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This study describes a randomized placebo-controlled trial of suppressive therapy for HSV-2 in 3408 HIV serodiscordant couples at 14 sites in Africa. Of 132 HIV-1 seroconversions that occurred after randomization 84 were linked within couples by viral sequencing: 41 in the acyclovir group and 43 in the placebo group P0.69 Authors conclude that daily acyclovir therapy did not reduce the risk of transmission of HIV-1, despite a reduction in plasma HIV-1 RNA of 0.25 log10 - copies/ml and a 73% reduction in the occurrence of genital ulcers due to HSV-2.
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Celum C, Wald A, Lingappa JR, et al. Acyclovir and transmission of HIV-1 from persons infected with HIV-1 and HSV-2. N Engl J Med 2010; 362:427-439. This study describes a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of suppressive therapy for HSV-2 in 3408 HIV serodiscordant couples at 14 sites in Africa. Of 132 HIV-1 seroconversions that occurred after randomization, 84 were linked within couples by viral sequencing: 41 in the acyclovir group and 43 in the placebo group (P0.69). Authors conclude that daily acyclovir therapy did not reduce the risk of transmission of HIV-1, despite a reduction in plasma HIV-1 RNA of 0.25 log10 - copies/ml and a 73% reduction in the occurrence of genital ulcers due to HSV-2.
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(2010)
N. Engl. J. Med.
, vol.362
, pp. 427-439
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Celum, C.1
Wald, A.2
Lingappa, J.R.3
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81
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79952302074
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Viral linkage in HIV-1 seroconverters and their partners in an HIV-1 prevention clinical trial
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This study presents methodology and results for viral linkage analysis based on HIV-1 env and gag sequences from blood plasma for 151 transmission pairs. More than one-fourth of HIV transmissions were unlinked to the enrolled partner, highlighting the importance of viral linkage analysis in the design of HIV-1 prevention trials.
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Campbell MS, Mullins JI, Hughes JP, et al. Viral linkage in HIV-1 seroconverters and their partners in an HIV-1 prevention clinical trial. PLoSOne 2011; 6:e16986. This study presents methodology and results for viral linkage analysis based on HIV-1 env and gag sequences from blood plasma for 151 transmission pairs. More than one-fourth of HIV transmissions were unlinked to the enrolled partner, highlighting the importance of viral linkage analysis in the design of HIV-1 prevention trials.
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(2011)
PLoSOne
, vol.6
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Campbell, M.S.1
Mullins, J.I.2
Hughes, J.P.3
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82
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33947375214
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High rates of forward transmission events after acute early HIV-1 infection
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This study demonstrated that about 50% of new infections in men who have sex with men could be linked to other new infections in the same population in Montreal using viral genetic sequence matching.
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Brenner BG, Roger M, Routy JP, et al. High rates of forward transmission events after acute/early HIV-1 infection. J Infect Dis 2007; 195:951-959. This study demonstrated that about 50% of new infections in men who have sex with men could be linked to other new infections in the same population in Montreal using viral genetic sequence matching.
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(2007)
J. Infect. Dis.
, vol.195
, pp. 951-959
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Brenner, B.G.1
Roger, M.2
Routy, J.P.3
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83
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80052409994
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Transmission clustering drives the onward spread of the HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men in quebec
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Based on phylogenetic analysis and epidemiologic data this study identified three patterns of spread of primary HIV-1 infection among men who have sex with men identified from 2001 to 2009: Unique cases small clusters 2-4 cases per cluster and large clusters 5-31 cases per cluster large clusters disproportionately increased from 25.2% in 2005 to 39.1% in 2009 P<0.001 The authors found that scalar expansion of large clusters over 11 months correlated with cluster membership size P0.047
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Brenner BG, Roger M, Stephens D, et al. Transmission clustering drives the onward spread of the HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men in Quebec. J Infect Dis 2011; 204:1115-1119. Based on phylogenetic analysis and epidemiologic data, this study identified three patterns of spread of primary HIV-1 infection among men who have sex with men identified from 2001 to 2009: unique cases, small clusters (2-4 cases per cluster), and large clusters (5-31 cases per cluster). Large clusters disproportionately increased from 25.2% in 2005 to 39.1% in 2009 (P<0.001). The authors found that scalar expansion of large clusters over 11 months correlated with cluster membership size (P0.047).
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(2011)
J. Infect. Dis.
, vol.204
, pp. 1115-1119
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Brenner, B.G.1
Roger, M.2
Stephens, D.3
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84
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70349213939
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Adult combination antiretroviral therapy in sub-saharan africa: Lessons from botswana and future challenges
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Wester CW, Bussmann H, Koethe J, et al. Adult combination antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa: lessons from Botswana and future challenges. HIV Ther 2009; 3:501-526.
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(2009)
HIV Ther.
, vol.3
, pp. 501-526
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Wester, C.W.1
Bussmann, H.2
Koethe, J.3
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85
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79953752235
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Prevalence of transmitted HIV drug resistance in botswana: Lessons learned from the HIVDR-threshold survey conducted among women presenting for routine antenatal care as part of the 2007 national sentinel survey
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This study reports results of HIV-1 drug resistance testing in 2007 in botswana a country with one of the longest existing national public ART programs in Africa. No significant drug resistance mutations were found the authors conclude that after 5 years of the implementation of a public art program in botswana the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance remains low and suggest that alternative sampling strategies should be considered for the surveillance of hiv drug resistance in botswana and similar geographic settings
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Bussmann H, de la Hoz Gomez F, Roels TH, et al. Prevalence of transmitted HIV drug resistance in Botswana: lessons learned from the HIVDR-threshold survey conducted among women presenting for routine antenatal care as part of the 2007 national sentinel survey. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2011; 27:365-372. This study reports results of HIV-1 drug resistance testing in 2007 in Botswana, a country with one of the longest existing national public ART programs in Africa. No significant drug resistance mutations were found. The authors conclude that after 5 years of the implementation of a public ART program in Botswana, the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance remains low, and suggest that alternative sampling strategies should be considered for the surveillance of HIV drug resistance in Botswana and similar geographic settings.
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(2011)
AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses
, vol.27
, pp. 365-372
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Bussmann, H.1
De La Hoz Gomez, F.2
Roels, T.H.3
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