메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 93, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 282-293

Foraging distribution of Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardii) in a highly impacted estuary

Author keywords

central place forager; disturbance; geographic information system; habitat use; harbor seal; Phoca vitulina; satellite telemetry; spatial distribution

Indexed keywords

ANTHROPOGENIC EFFECT; BIOTELEMETRY; CENTRAL PLACE FORAGING; COASTAL WATER; COASTAL ZONE; ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENT; ESTUARINE ENVIRONMENT; FOOD AVAILABILITY; GIS; HABITAT USE; HABITUATION; HAULOUT BEHAVIOUR; HUMAN ACTIVITY; MANAGEMENT PRACTICE; PINNIPED; POPULATION DISTRIBUTION; PREY AVAILABILITY; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; URBANIZATION; WILD POPULATION;

EID: 84857333922     PISSN: 00222372     EISSN: 15451542     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1644/11-MAMM-A-128.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (16)

References (89)
  • 1
    • 34547137028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Bonferroni and S? idák corrections for multiple comparisons
    • (N J. Salkind, ed.). Sage, Thousand Oaks, California
    • ABDI, H. 2007. The Bonferroni and S? idák corrections for multiple comparisons. Pp. 103-107 in Encyclopedia of measurement and statistics (N. J. Salkind, ed.). Sage, Thousand Oaks, California.
    • (2007) Encyclopedia of Measurement and Statistics , pp. 103-107
    • Abdi, H.1
  • 2
    • 0033744807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitat selection of foraging bottlenose dolphins in relation to boat density near Clearwater, Florida
    • ALLEN, M. C., AND A. READ. 2000. Habitat selection of foraging bottlenose dolphins in relation to boat density near Clearwater, Florida. Marine Mammal Science 16:815-824.
    • (2000) Marine Mammal Science , vol.16 , pp. 815-824
    • Allen, M.C.1    Read, A.2
  • 5
    • 0010415165 scopus 로고
    • Population dynamics of harbor seals in the Gulf of the Farallones, California
    • ALLEN, S. G., H. HUBER, C. RIBIC, AND D. AINLEY. 1989. Population dynamics of harbor seals in the Gulf of the Farallones, California. California Fish and Game 75:224-232.
    • (1989) California Fish and Game , vol.75 , pp. 224-232
    • Allen, S.G.1    Huber, H.2    Ribic, C.3    Ainley, D.4
  • 6
    • 33845687800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linking movement, diving, and habitat to foraging success in a large marine predator
    • DOI 10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[3095:LMDAHT]2.0.CO;2
    • AUSTIN, D., W. BOWEN, J. MCMILLAN, AND S. IVERSON. 2006. Linking movement, diving, and habitat to foraging success in a large marine predator. Ecology 87:3095-3108. (Pubitemid 44969260)
    • (2006) Ecology , vol.87 , Issue.12 , pp. 3095-3108
    • Austin, D.1    Don Bowen, W.2    McMillan, J.I.3    Iverson, S.J.4
  • 7
    • 58349095884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling the effects of El Niño, density-dependence, and disturbance on harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) counts in Drakes Estero, California: 1997-2007
    • BECKER, B., D. PRESS, AND S. G. ALLEN. 2009. Modeling the effects of El Niño, density-dependence, and disturbance on harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) counts in Drakes Estero, California: 1997-2007. Marine Mammal Science 25:1-18.
    • (2009) Marine Mammal Science , vol.25 , pp. 1-18
    • Becker, B.1    Press, D.2    Allen, S.G.3
  • 8
    • 79956225091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for long-term spatial displacement of breeding and pupping harbour seals by shellfish aquaculture over three decades
    • BECKER, B. H., D. T. PRESS, AND S. G. ALLEN. 2011. Evidence for long-term spatial displacement of breeding and pupping harbour seals by shellfish aquaculture over three decades. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 21:247-260.
    • (2011) Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems , vol.21 , pp. 247-260
    • Becker, B.H.1    Press, D.T.2    Allen, S.G.3
  • 9
    • 0037137763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A landscape ecological approach to coastal zone applications
    • DOI 10.1080/0036482021000155845
    • BEKKBY, T., L. ERIKSTAD, V. BAKKESTUEN, AND A. BJORGE. 2002. A landscape ecological approach to coastal zone applications. Sarsia 87:396-408. (Pubitemid 36229714)
    • (2002) Sarsia , vol.87 , Issue.5 , pp. 396-408
    • Bekkby, T.1    Erikstad, L.2    Bakkestuen, V.3    Bjorge, A.4
  • 10
    • 0002529799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Where have all the fishes gone? Interactive factors producing fish declines in the Sacramento-San Joaquin estuary
    • (J Hollibaugh, ed.). American Association for the Advancement of Science, San Francisco, California
    • BENNETT, W., AND P. MOYLE. 1996. Where have all the fishes gone? Interactive factors producing fish declines in the Sacramento-San Joaquin estuary. Pp. 519-542 in Proceedings of the 75th Annual Meeting of the Pacific Division of AAAS, San Francisco, CA (J. Hollibaugh, ed.). American Association for the Advancement of Science, San Francisco, California.
    • (1996) Proceedings of the 75th Annual Meeting of the Pacific Division of AAAS, San Francisco, CA , pp. 519-542
    • Bennett, W.1    Moyle, P.2
  • 11
    • 0003043807 scopus 로고
    • Harbour seal, Phoca vitulina and Phoca largha
    • (S H. Ridgway and R. J. Harrison, eds.). Academic Press, New York
    • BIGG, M. A. 1981. Harbour seal, Phoca vitulina and Phoca largha. Pp. 1-28 in Handbook of marine mammals (S. H. Ridgway and R. J. Harrison, eds.). Academic Press, New York.
    • (1981) Handbook of Marine Mammals , pp. 1-28
    • Bigg, M.A.1
  • 12
    • 33748922626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ratio-dependent response of a temperate Australian estuarine system to sustained nitrogen loading
    • DOI 10.1007/s00442-006-0481-5
    • BISHOP, M., B. KELAHER, M. SMITH, P. YORK, AND D. BOOTH. 2006. Ratio-dependent response of a temperate Australian estuarine system to sustained nitrogen loading. Oecologia 149:701-708. (Pubitemid 44435845)
    • (2006) Oecologia , vol.149 , Issue.4 , pp. 701-708
    • Bishop, M.J.1    Kelaher, B.P.2    Smith, M.P.L.3    York, P.H.4    Booth, D.J.5
  • 15
    • 0032559206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accelerating invasion rate in a highly invaded estuary
    • DOI 10.1126/science.279.5350.555
    • COHEN, A., AND J. CARLTON. 1998. Accelerating invasion rate in a highly invaded estuary. Science 279:555-558. (Pubitemid 28067282)
    • (1998) Science , vol.279 , Issue.5350 , pp. 555-558
    • Cohen, A.N.1    Carlton, J.T.2
  • 16
    • 0002583722 scopus 로고
    • Environmental setting of the San Francisco Bay
    • CONOMOS, T., R. SMITH, AND J. GARTNER. 1985. Environmental setting of the San Francisco Bay. Hydrobiologia 129:1-12.
    • (1985) Hydrobiologia , vol.129 , pp. 1-12
    • Conomos, T.1    Smith, R.2    Gartner, J.3
  • 17
    • 33748552340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological and reproductive consequences of human disturbance in Humboldt penguins: The need for species-specific visitor management
    • DOI 10.1016/j.biocon.2006.05.019, PII S0006320706002266
    • ELLENBERG, U., T. MATTERN, P. J. SEDDON, AND G. LUNA JORQUERA. 2006. Physiological and reproductive consequences of human disturbance in Humboldt penguins: the need for species-specific visitor management. Biological Conservation 133:95-106. (Pubitemid 44373874)
    • (2006) Biological Conservation , vol.133 , Issue.1 , pp. 95-106
    • Ellenberg, U.1    Mattern, T.2    Seddon, P.J.3    Jorquera, G.L.4
  • 19
    • 0002351055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mantel tests: Spatial structure in field experiments
    • (S M. Scheiner and J. Gurevitch, eds.). Oxford University Press, Oxford, United Kingdom
    • FORTIN, M.-J., AND J. GUREVITCH. 2001. Mantel tests: spatial structure in field experiments. Pp. 308-326 in Design and analysis of ecological experiments (S. M. Scheiner and J. Gurevitch, eds.). Oxford University Press, Oxford, United Kingdom.
    • (2001) Design and Analysis of Ecological Experiments , pp. 308-326
    • Fortin, M.-J.1    Gurevitch, J.2
  • 20
    • 54249110616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human-caused disturbance stimuli as a form of predation risk
    • Accessed 5 November 2010
    • FRID, A., AND L. M DILL. 2002. Human-caused disturbance stimuli as a form of predation risk. Conservation Ecology (online) 6(1):11. http://www.consecol. org/vol6/iss1/art11. Accessed 5 November 2010.
    • (2002) Conservation Ecology (Online) , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 11
    • Frid, A.1    Dill, L.M.2
  • 21
    • 0000972444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delusions in habitat evaluation: Measuring use, selection and importance
    • (L. Boitani and T. Fuller, eds.). Columbia University Press, New York
    • GARSHELIS, D. 2000. Delusions in habitat evaluation: measuring use, selection and importance. Pp. 111-164 in Research techniques in animal ecology: controversies and consequences. (L. Boitani and T. Fuller, eds.). Columbia University Press, New York.
    • (2000) Research Techniques in Animal Ecology: Controversies and Consequences , pp. 111-164
    • Garshelis, D.1
  • 22
    • 0001076445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marine mammal die-offs: Causes, investigations and issues
    • (J Twiss and R. Reeves, eds.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C
    • GERACI, J., J. HARWOOD, AND A. LOUNSBURY. 1999. Marine mammal die-offs: causes, investigations and issues. Pp. 267-396 in Conservation and management of marine mammals (J. Twiss and R. Reeves, eds.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.
    • (1999) Conservation and Management of Marine Mammals , pp. 267-396
    • Geraci, J.1    Harwood, J.2    Lounsbury, A.3
  • 23
    • 0035176060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why behavioural responses may not reflect the population consequences of human disturbance
    • DOI 10.1016/S0006-3207(00)00002-1, PII S0006320700000021
    • GILL, J. A., K. NORRIS, AND W. J. SUTHERLAND. 2001. Why behavioral responses may not reflect the population consequences of human disturbance. Biological Conservation 97:265-268. (Pubitemid 32062522)
    • (2001) Biological Conservation , vol.97 , Issue.2 , pp. 265-268
    • Gill, J.A.1    Norris, K.2    Sutherland, W.J.3
  • 24
    • 33847192837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitat use in a marine ecosystem: Beluga whales Delphinapterus leucas in Cook Inlet, Alaska
    • GOETZ, K., D. RUGH, A. READ, AND R. HOBBS. 2007. Habitat use in a marine ecosystem: beluga whales Delphinapterus leucas in Cook Inlet, Alaska. Marine Ecology Progress Series 330:247-256.
    • (2007) Marine Ecology Progress Series , vol.330 , pp. 247-256
    • Goetz, K.1    Rugh, D.2    Read, A.3    Hobbs, R.4
  • 26
    • 2142654408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Harbor seal, Phoca vitulina richardii, population trends in the San Francisco Bay estuary, 1970-2002
    • GRIGG, E.K.,S.G.ALLEN, D. E. GREEN, AND H.MARKOWITZ. 2004. Harbor seal, Phoca vitulina richardii, population trends in the San Francisco Bay estuary, 1970-2002. California Fish and Game 90:51-70. (Pubitemid 38537352)
    • (2004) California Fish and Game , vol.90 , Issue.2 , pp. 51-70
    • Grigg, E.K.1    Allen, S.G.2    Green, D.E.3    Markowitz, H.4
  • 27
    • 0038641690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nocturnal and diurnal haul-out patterns of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi) at Castro Rocks, San Francisco Bay, California
    • GRIGG, E., D. GREEN, S. G. ALLEN, AND H. MARKOWITZ. 2002. Nocturnal and diurnal haul-out patterns of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi) at Castro Rocks, San Francisco Bay, California. California Fish and Game 88:15-27. (Pubitemid 36537112)
    • (2002) California Fish and Game , vol.88 , Issue.1 , pp. 15-27
    • Grigg, E.K.1    Green, D.E.2    Allen, S.G.3    Markowitz, H.4
  • 28
    • 68049127535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial and seasonal relationships between Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardii) and their prey, at multiple scales
    • GRIGG, E., A. P. KLIMLEY, S. G. ALLEN, D. GREEN, D. L. ELLIOTT-FISK, AND H. MARKOWITZ. 2009. Spatial and seasonal relationships between Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardii) and their prey, at multiple scales. Fishery Bulletin 107:359-372.
    • (2009) Fishery Bulletin , vol.107 , pp. 359-372
    • Grigg, E.1    Klimley, A.P.2    Allen, S.G.3    Green, D.4    Elliott-Fisk, D.L.5    Markowitz, H.6
  • 29
    • 38249033161 scopus 로고
    • Influence of feeding on haul-out patterns and sizes of sub-populations in harbour seals
    • HARKONEN, T. 1987. Influence of feeding on haul-out patterns and sizes of sub-populations in harbour seals. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 21:331-339.
    • (1987) Netherlands Journal of Sea Research , vol.21 , pp. 331-339
    • Harkonen, T.1
  • 30
    • 0001117742 scopus 로고
    • Food-habitat relationship of harbour seals and black cormorants in Skagerrak and Kattegat
    • HARKONEN, T. 1988. Food-habitat relationship of harbour seals and black cormorants in Skagerrak and Kattegat. Journal of Zoology (London) 214:673-682.
    • (1988) Journal of Zoology (London) , vol.214 , pp. 673-682
    • Harkonen, T.1
  • 31
    • 0034873772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marine mammals and their environment in the twenty-first century
    • DOI 10.1644/1545-1542(2001)082<0630:MMATEI>2.0.CO;2
    • HARWOOD, J. 2001. Marine mammals and their environments in the twenty-first century. Journal of Mammalogy 82:630-640. (Pubitemid 32818424)
    • (2001) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.82 , Issue.3 , pp. 630-640
    • Harwood, J.1
  • 32
    • 0034993909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The implications of location accuracy for the interpretation of satellite-tracking data
    • DOI 10.1006/anbe.2001.1685
    • HAYS, G., S. AKESSON, B. GODLEY, P. LUSCHI, AND P. SANTIDRIAN. 2001. The implications of location accuracy for the interpretation of satellite-tracking data. Animal Behaviour 61:1035-1040. (Pubitemid 32516020)
    • (2001) Animal Behaviour , vol.61 , Issue.5 , pp. 1035-1040
    • Hays, G.C.1    Akesson, S.2    Godley, B.J.3    Luschi, P.4    Santidrian, P.5
  • 33
    • 0036162579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food availability and tiger shark predation risk influence bottlenose dolphin habitat use
    • HEITHAUS, M. R., AND L. M. DILL. 2002. Food availability and tiger shark predation risk influence bottlenose dolphin habitat use. Ecology 83:480-491. (Pubitemid 34122459)
    • (2002) Ecology , vol.83 , Issue.2 , pp. 480-491
    • Heithaus, M.R.1    Dill, L.M.2
  • 34
    • 0030618572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatty acid signatures reveal fine scale structure of foraging distribution of harbor seals and their prey in Prince William Sound, AK
    • IVERSON, S., K. FROST, AND L. LOWRY. 1997. Fatty acid signatures reveal fine scale structure of foraging distribution of harbor seals and their prey in Prince William Sound, AK. Marine Ecology Progress Series 151:255-271.
    • (1997) Marine Ecology Progress Series , vol.151 , pp. 255-271
    • Iverson, S.1    Frost, K.2    Lowry, L.3
  • 35
    • 0027799933 scopus 로고
    • Organic carbon sources and sinks in San Francisco Bay: variability induced by river flow
    • JASSBY, A., J. CLOERN, AND T. POWELL. 1993. Organic carbon sources and sinks in the San Francisco Bay-variability induced by river flow. Marine Ecology Progress Series 95:39-54. (Pubitemid 24393759)
    • (1993) Marine Ecology Progress Series , vol.95 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 39-54
    • Jassby, A.D.1    Cloern, J.E.2    Powell, T.M.3
  • 37
    • 0027975781 scopus 로고
    • An alternative index of satellite telemetry location error
    • KEATING, K. 1994. An alternative index of satellite telemetry location error. Journal of Wildlife Management 58:414-421. (Pubitemid 2116514)
    • (1994) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.58 , Issue.3 , pp. 414-421
    • Keating, K.A.1
  • 40
    • 0003556488 scopus 로고
    • Toxic pollutants, health indices, and population dynamics of harbor seals in San Francisco Bay, 1989-1992
    • KOPEC, A. D., AND J. HARVEY. 1995. Toxic pollutants, health indices, and population dynamics of harbor seals in San Francisco Bay, 1989-1992. Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Moss Landing, California, Report 96-4:1-168.
    • (1995) Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Moss Landing, California, Report , vol.964 , pp. 1-168
    • Kopec, A.D.1    Harvey, J.2
  • 41
    • 0024937968 scopus 로고
    • Spatial patterns and ecological analysis
    • LEGENDRE, P., AND M.-J. FORTIN. 1989. Spatial patterns and ecological analysis. Vegetatio 80:107-138.
    • (1989) Vegetatio , vol.80 , pp. 107-138
    • Legendre, P.1    Fortin, M.-J.2
  • 42
    • 0035176672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Movements of satellite-tagged subadult and adult harbor seals in Prince William Sound, Alaska
    • LOWRY, L., K. FROST, J. VER HOEF, AND R. DELONG. 2001. Movements of satellite-tagged subadult and adult harbor seals in Prince William Sound, AK. Marine Mammal Science 17:835-861. (Pubitemid 33072575)
    • (2001) Marine Mammal Science , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 835-861
    • Lowry, L.F.1    Frost, K.J.2    Ver Hoep, J.M.3    Delong, R.A.4
  • 43
    • 0001370091 scopus 로고
    • Cardiac and behavioral responses of mountain sheep to human disturbance
    • MACARTHUR, R. A., V. GEIST, AND R. H. JOHNSTON. 1982. Cardiac and behavioral responses of mountain sheep to human disturbance. Journal of Wildlife Management 46:351-358.
    • (1982) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.46 , pp. 351-358
    • MacArthur, R.A.1    Geist, V.2    Johnston, R.H.3
  • 44
    • 0014054519 scopus 로고
    • The detection of disease clustering and a generalized regression approach
    • MANTEL, N. 1967. The detection of disease clustering and a generalized regression approach. Cancer Research 27: 209-220.
    • (1967) Cancer Research , vol.27 , pp. 209-220
    • Mantel, N.1
  • 46
    • 0031812388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of resource selection methods with different definitions of availability
    • MCCLEAN, S., M. RUMBLE, R. KING, AND W. BAKER. 1998. Evaluation of resource selection methods with different definitions of availability. Journal of Wildlife Management 62:793-801. (Pubitemid 28271061)
    • (1998) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.62 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 793-801
    • Mcclean, S.A.1    Rumble, M.A.2    King, R.M.3    Baker, W.L.4
  • 48
    • 0001382965 scopus 로고
    • Effects of disturbance by snowmobiles on heart rate of captive white-tailed deer
    • MOEN, A. N., S. WHITTEMORE, AND B. BUXTON. 1982. Effects of disturbance by snowmobiles on heart rate of captive white-tailed deer. New York Fish and Game Journal 29:176-183.
    • (1982) New York Fish and Game Journal , vol.29 , pp. 176-183
    • Moen, A.N.1    Whittemore, S.2    Buxton, B.3
  • 49
    • 76549254593 scopus 로고
    • Notes on continuous stochastic phenomena
    • MORAN, P. 1950. Notes on continuous stochastic phenomena. Biometrika 37:17-33.
    • (1950) Biometrika , vol.37 , pp. 17-33
    • Moran, P.1
  • 50
    • 84857302787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United States Environmental Protection Agency Region 9 Geographic Information System Center, San Francisco, California
    • NATIONAL POLLUTION DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM. 2001. California major outfalls/dischargers (datalayer). United States Environmental Protection Agency Region 9 Geographic Information System Center, San Francisco, California.
    • (2001) California Major Outfalls/dischargers (Datalayer)
  • 53
    • 0001241802 scopus 로고
    • A technique for analysis of utilization-availability data
    • NEU, C., C. BYERS, AND J. PEEK. 1974. A technique for analysis of utilization-availability data. Journal of Wildlife Management 38:541-545.
    • (1974) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.38 , pp. 541-545
    • Neu, C.1    Byers, C.2    Peek, J.3
  • 54
    • 0003140021 scopus 로고
    • Changes in the Washington State harbor seal population, 1942-1972
    • NEWBY, T. C. 1973. Changes in the Washington State harbor seal population, 1942-1972. Murrelet 54:4-6.
    • (1973) Murrelet , vol.54 , pp. 4-6
    • Newby, T.C.1
  • 57
    • 0036161154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Haul-out selection by pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardii): Isolation and perceived predation risk
    • NORDSTROM, C. A. 2002. Haul-out selection by Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardii): isolation and perceived predation risk. Marine Mammal Science 18:194-205. (Pubitemid 34115157)
    • (2002) Marine Mammal Science , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 194-205
    • Nordstrom, C.A.1
  • 58
    • 21144461624 scopus 로고
    • An investigation of three-matrix permutation tests
    • ODEN, N. L., AND R. R. SOKOL. 1992. An investigation of three-matrix permutation tests. Journal of Classification 9:275-280.
    • (1992) Journal of Classification , vol.9 , pp. 275-280
    • Oden, N.L.1    Sokol, R.R.2
  • 59
    • 0027804670 scopus 로고
    • Annual prey consumption by harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia
    • OLESIUK, P. 1993. Annual prey consumption by harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia. Fishery Bulletin 91:491-515. (Pubitemid 24417230)
    • (1993) Fishery Bulletin , vol.91 , Issue.3 , pp. 491-515
    • Olesiuk, P.F.1
  • 60
    • 0002567323 scopus 로고
    • On the theory of central place foraging
    • (D J. Horn, G. R. Stairs, and R. D. Mitchell, eds.). Ohio State University Press, Columbus
    • ORIANS, G. H., AND N. E. PEARSON. 1979. On the theory of central place foraging. Pp. 154-177 in Analysis of ecological systems (D. J. Horn, G. R. Stairs, and R. D. Mitchell, eds.). Ohio State University Press, Columbus.
    • (1979) Analysis of Ecological Systems , pp. 154-177
    • Orians, G.H.1    Pearson, N.E.2
  • 66
    • 0032781211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of habitat selection for central-place foraging animals
    • ROSENBERG, D. K., AND K. S. MCKELVEY. 1999. Estimation of habitat selection for central place foraging animals. Journal of Wildlife Management 63:1028-1038. (Pubitemid 29332397)
    • (1999) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.63 , Issue.3 , pp. 1028-1038
    • Rosenberg, D.K.1    Mckelvey, K.S.2
  • 68
    • 84857322265 scopus 로고
    • SAN FRANCISCO ESTUARY PROJECT. State of the Estuary Report, San Francisco Estuary Project, San Francisco, California. Accessed 14 May 2008.
    • SAN FRANCISCO ESTUARY PROJECT. 1992. The bay/delta estuary's biological resources (part A). State of the Estuary Report, San Francisco Estuary Project, San Francisco, California. http://abag.ca.gov/bayarea/sfep/reports/soe/soe4a. htm. Accessed 14 May 2008.
    • (1992) The Bay/delta Estuary's Biological Resources (Part A).
  • 70
    • 84867698199 scopus 로고
    • Food habits of the Pacific harbor seal, Phoca richardii
    • SCHEFFER, T. H., AND C. C. SPERRY. 1931. Food habits of the Pacific harbor seal, Phoca richardii. Journal of Mammalogy 9:10-16.
    • (1931) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.9 , pp. 10-16
    • Scheffer, T.H.1    Sperry, C.C.2
  • 71
    • 0034495758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial components of bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) distribution in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea
    • DOI 10.1139/cjfas-57-11-2193
    • SCHICK, R. S., AND D. L. URBAN. 2000. Spatial components of bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) distribution in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57: 2193-2200. (Pubitemid 32116605)
    • (2000) Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , vol.57 , Issue.11 , pp. 2193-2200
    • Schick, R.S.1    Urban, D.L.2
  • 72
    • 79951899359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines of the American Society of Mammalogists for the use of wild mammals in research
    • SIKES, R. S., W. L. GANNON, AND THE ANIMAL CARE AND USE COMMITTEE OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MAMMALOGISTS. 2011. Guidelines of the American Society of Mammalogists for the use of wild mammals in research. Journal of Mammalogy 92:235-253.
    • (2011) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.92 , pp. 235-253
    • Sikes, R.S.1    Gannon, W.L.2
  • 74
    • 80054033952 scopus 로고
    • The fisheries of San Francisco Bay: Past, present, and future
    • (T Conomos, ed.). American Association for the Advancement of Science, Pacific Division, San Francisco, California
    • SMITH, S., AND S. KATO. 1979. The fisheries of San Francisco Bay: past, present, and future. Pp. 445-468 in San Francisco Bay: the urbanized estuary (T. Conomos, ed.). American Association for the Advancement of Science, Pacific Division, San Francisco, California.
    • (1979) San Francisco Bay: The Urbanized Estuary , pp. 445-468
    • Smith, S.1    Kato, S.2
  • 75
    • 84963034277 scopus 로고
    • Multiple regression and correlation extensions of the Mantel test of matrix correspondence
    • SMOUSE, P. E., J. C. LONG, AND R. R. SOKOL. 1986. Multiple regression and correlation extensions of the Mantel test of matrix correspondence. Systematic Zoology 35:627-632.
    • (1986) Systematic Zoology , vol.35 , pp. 627-632
    • Smouse, P.E.1    Long, J.C.2    Sokol, R.R.3
  • 76
    • 0001427640 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral responses of wintering bald eagles to human activity
    • STALMASTER, M. V., AND J. R. NEWMAN. 1978. Behavioral responses of wintering bald eagles to human activity. Journal of Wildlife Management 42:506-523.
    • (1978) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.42 , pp. 506-523
    • Stalmaster, M.V.1    Newman, J.R.2
  • 78
    • 0036077343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal and spatial differences in salinity and water chemistry in SW Florida estuaries: Effects of human-impacted watersheds
    • SURGE, D., AND K. LOHMANN. 2002. Temporal and spatial differences in salinity and water chemistry in SW Florida estuaries: effects of human-impacted watersheds. Estuaries 25:393-408. (Pubitemid 34792096)
    • (2002) Estuaries , vol.25 , Issue.3 , pp. 393-408
    • Surge, D.M.1    Lohmann, K.C.2
  • 79
    • 0031976570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tracking harbor seals (Phoca Vitulina Richardsi) to determine dive behavior, foraging activity, and haul-out site use
    • SURYAN, R., AND J. HARVEY. 1998. Tracking harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi) to determine dive behavior, foraging activity, and haul out site use. Marine Mammal Science 14:361-372. (Pubitemid 28187156)
    • (1998) Marine Mammal Science , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 361-372
    • Suryan, R.M.1    Harvey, J.T.2
  • 80
    • 0033005595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability in reactions of Pacific harbor seals, Phoca vitulina richardsi, to disturbance
    • SURYAN, R., AND J. HARVEY. 1999. Variability in reactions of Pacific harbor seals, Phoca vitulina richardsi, to disturbance. Fishery Bulletin 97:332-339. (Pubitemid 29174857)
    • (1999) Fishery Bulletin , vol.97 , Issue.2 , pp. 332-339
    • Suryan, R.M.1    Harvey, J.T.2
  • 81
    • 0032805433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pinniped population dynamics in central California: Correlations with sea surface temperature and upwelling indices
    • SYDEMAN, W., AND S. G. ALLEN. 1999. Pinniped population dynamics in central California: correlations with sea surface temperature and upwelling indices. Marine Mammal Science 15:446-461. (Pubitemid 29341896)
    • (1999) Marine Mammal Science , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 446-461
    • Sydeman, W.J.1    Allen, S.G.2
  • 82
    • 0242339391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foraging behaviour of South American fur seals Arctocephalus australis: Extracting fine scale foraging behaviour from satellite tracks
    • THOMPSON, D., S. MOSS, AND P. LOVELL. 2003. Foraging behavior of South American fur seals Arctocephalus australis: extracting fine scale foraging behaviour from satellite tracks. Marine Ecology Progress Series 260:285-296. (Pubitemid 37332347)
    • (2003) Marine Ecology Progress Series , vol.260 , pp. 285-296
    • Thompson, D.1    Moss, S.E.W.2    Lovell, P.3
  • 84
    • 0032422808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of body size and sex on the characteristics of harbor seal foraging trips
    • THOMPSON, P., A. MACKAY, D. J. TOLLIT, S. ENDERBY, AND P. S. HAMMOND. 1998. The influence of body size and sex on the characteristics of harbor seal foraging trips. Canadian Journal of Zoology 76:1044-1053.
    • (1998) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.76 , pp. 1044-1053
    • Thompson, P.1    MacKay, A.2    Tollit, D.J.3    Enderby, S.4    Hammond, P.S.5
  • 87
    • 0036163637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of Argos location accuracy from satellite tags deployed on captive grey seals
    • VINCENT, C., B. MCCONNELL, M. FEDAK, AND V. RIDOUX. 2002. Assessment of Argos location accuracy from satellite tags deployed on captive grey seals. Marine Mammal Science 18:301-322.
    • (2002) Marine Mammal Science , vol.18 , pp. 301-322
    • Vincent, C.1    McConnell, B.2    Fedak, M.3    Ridoux, V.4
  • 88
    • 0036943190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of satellite positions from free-ranging grey seals using ARGOS
    • WHITE, N., AND M. SJOBERG. 2002. Accuracy of satellite positions from free-ranging grey seals using ARGOS. Polar Biology 25:629-631. (Pubitemid 36064542)
    • (2002) Polar Biology , vol.25 , Issue.8 , pp. 629-631
    • White, N.A.1    Sjoberg, M.2
  • 89
    • 0009474869 scopus 로고
    • Life history, environment, and mariculture studies of the Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, with emphasis on the central California fishery resource
    • WILD, P. W., AND R. N. TASTO. 1983. Life history, environment, and mariculture studies of the Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, with emphasis on the central California fishery resource. Fishery Bulletin California Department of Fish and Game 172:1-352.
    • (1983) Fishery Bulletin California Department of Fish and Game , vol.172 , pp. 1-352
    • Wild, P.W.1    Tasto, R.N.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.