Nocturnal and diurnal haul-out patterns of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi) at Castro Rocks, San Francisco Bay, California

California Fish and Game

Volumn 88, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 15-27

  Grigg, Emma K ^a   Green, Deborah E ^a   Allen, Sarah G ^b   Markowitz, Hal ^a  

^a SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Point Reyes National Seashore   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DIURNAL ACTIVITY; HAULOUT BEHAVIOUR; NOCTURNAL ACTIVITY; PINNIPED;

UNITED STATES;

MAMMALIA; PHOCA; PHOCA VITULINA; PHOCA VITULINA RICHARDSI; PHOCIDAE; PINNIPEDIA;

EID: 0038641690     PISSN: 00081078     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Allen, S.G., D.G. Ainley, G.W. Page. 1984. The effect of disturbance on harbor seal haul out patterns at Bolinas Lagoon, California. Fishery Bulletin 82(3):493-500.
2. Boily, P. 1995. Theoretical heat flux in water and habitat selection of phocid seals and Beluga whales during the annual molt. Journal of Theoretical Biology 172:235-244.
3. Boulva, J., I.A. McClaren. 1979. Biology of the harbor seal, Phoca vitulina, in Eastern Canada. Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 200:1-22.
4. Brasseur, S., J. Creuwels, B. v/d Werf, P. Reijnders. 1996. Deprivation indicates necessity for haul-out in harbor seals. Marine Mammal Science 12:619-624.
5. Brown, R.F., B.R. Mate. 1983. Abundance, movements, and feeding habits of harbor seals, Phoca vitulina, at Netarts and Tillamook Bays, Oregon. Fishery Bulletin 81:291-301.
6. Calambokidis, J., B.L. Taylor, S.D. Carter, G.H. Steiger, P.K. Dawson, L.D. Antrim. 1987. Distribution and haul-out behavior of harbor seals in Glacier Bay, Alaska. Canadian Journal of Zoology 65:1391-1396.
7. da Silva, J., J.M. Terhune. 1988. Harbour seal grouping as an anti-predator strategy. Animal Behaviour 36:1309-1316.
8. Feltz, E.T., F.H. Fay. 1966. Thermal requirements in vitro of epidermal cells from seals. Cryobiology. 3(3): 261-264.
9. Frost, K.J., L.F. Lowry, J.M. Ver Hoef. 1999. Monitoring the trend of harbor seals in Prince William Sound, Alaska, after the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill. Marine Mammal Science. 15:494-506.
10. Grellier, K., P.M. Thompson, H.M. Corpe. 1996. The effect of weather conditions on harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) haulout behaviour in the Moray Firth, northeast Scotland. Canadian Journal of Zoology 74:1806-1811.
11. Kenyon, K.W. 1972. Man versus the monk seal. Journal of Mammalogy 53:687-696.
12. Loughlin, T.R. 1978. Harbor seals in and adjacent to Humboldt Bay, California. California Fish and Game, 64:127-132.
13. Newby, T.C. 1973. Changes in the Washington state harbor seal population: 1942-1972. The Murrelet 54:4-6.
14. Paulbitski, P.A. 1975. The seals of Strawberry Spit. Pacific Discovery 28(4):12-15.
15. Pauli, B.D., J.M. Terhune. 1987. Tidal and temporal interaction on harbour seal haul-out patterns. Aquatic Mammals 13(3):93-95.
16. Scheffer, V.B., J.W. Slipp. 1944. The harbor seals in Washington State. American Midland Naturalist 32:372-416.
17. Schneider, D.C,, P.M. Payne. 1983. Factors affecting haul-out of harbor seals at a site in southeastern Massachusetts. Journal of Mammalogy 64:518-520.
18. Slater, L.M, H. Markowitz. 1983. Spring population trends in Phoca vitulina richardsi in two central California coastal areas. California Fish and Game 69:217-226.
19. Stewart, B.S. 1984. Diurnal hauling patterns of harbor seals at San Miguel Island, California. Journal of Wildlife Management 48:1459-1461.
20. Suryan, R.M., J.T. Harvey. 1999. Variability in reactions of Pacific harbor seals, Phoca vitulina richardsi, to disturbance. Fisheries Bulletin 97:332-339.
21. Sydeman, W.J., S.G. Allen. 1999. Pinniped population dynamics in central California: correlations with sea surface temperature and upwelling indices. Marine Mammal Science 15(2):446-461.
22. Terhune, J.M., M. Almon. 1983. Variability of harbour seal numbers on haul out sites. Aquatic Mammals 10(3):71-78.
23. Thompson, P.M., D. Miller. 1990. Summer foraging activity and movements of radio-tagged common seals (Phoca vitulina 1.) in the Moray Firth, Scotland. Journal of Applied Ecology 27:492-501.
24. Thompson, P.M., M.A. Fedak, B.J. McConnell, K.S. Nicholas. 1989. Seasonal and sex-related variation in the activity patterns of common seals (Phoca vitulina). Journal of Applied Ecology 26:521-535.
25. Thompson, P.M., D.J. Tollit, H.M. Corpe, R.J. Reid, H.M. Ross. 1997. Changes in haematological parameters in relation to prey switching in a wild population of harbour seals. Functional Ecology 11:743-750.
26. Watts, P. 1996. The diel hauling-out cycle of harbor seals in an open marine environment: correlates and constraints. Journal of Zoology (London) 240:174-200.
27. Yochem, P.K., B.S. Stewart, R.L. DeLong, D.P. DeMaster. 1987. Diel haul-out patterns and site fidelity of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi) on San Miguel Island, California, in Autumn. Marine Mammal Science 3:323-332.
28. rd ed. Prentice Hall, New Jersey.