A longitudinal examination of coach and peer motivational climates in youth sport: Implications for moral attitudes, well-being, and behavioral investment

Developmental Psychology

Volumn 48, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 213-223

  Ntoumanis, Nikos ^a   Taylor, Ian M ^b   Thøgersen Ntoumani, Cecilie ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

^b LOUGHBOROUGH UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Achievement goal theory; Coaching; Motivation; Peer influence

Indexed keywords

ACHIEVEMENT; ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; CHILD; CHILD BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; HUMAN; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MALE; MORALITY; PEER GROUP; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; QUESTIONNAIRE; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SATISFACTION; SPORT;

ACHIEVEMENT; ADOLESCENT; ADOLESCENT BEHAVIOR; CHILD; FEMALE; HUMANS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; MORALE; PEER GROUP; PERSONAL SATISFACTION; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; QUESTIONNAIRES; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SPORTS;

EID: 84857239230     PISSN: 00121649     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0024934     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Ames, C. (1992). Classrooms: Goals, structures, and student motivation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84, 261-271. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.84.3.261
2. Ames, C., & Archer, J. (1988). Achievement goals in the classroom: Students' learning strategies and motivation processes. Journal of Educational Psychology, 80, 260-267. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.80.3.260
3. Bandura, A. (1989). Social cognitive theory. In R. Vasta (Ed.), Annals of child development: Vol. 6. Six theories of child development (pp. 1-60). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
4. Benson, P. L. (1997). All kids are our kids: What communities must do to raise caring and responsible children and adolescents. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
5. Boyce, B. A., Gano-Overway, L. A., & Campbell, A. L. (2009). Perceived motivational climate's influence on goal orientations, perceived competence, and practice strategies across the athletic season. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 21, 381-394. doi:10.1080/ 10413200903204887
6. Cresswell, S. L., & Eklund, R. C. (2006). The convergent and discriminant validity of burnout measures in sport: A multi-trait/multi-method analysis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24, 209-220. doi:10.1080/ 02640410500131431
7. Curran, P. J., Bauer, D. J., & Willoughby, M. T. (2006). Testing and probing interactions in hierarchical linear growth models. In C. S. Bergeman & S. M. Boker (Eds.), The Notre Dame series on quantitative methodology: Vol. 1. Methodological issues in aging research (pp. 99-129). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
8. DuBois, D. L., & Silverthorn, N. (2005). Natural mentoring relationships and adolescent health: Evidence from a national study. American Journal of Public Health, 95, 518-524. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2003.031476
9. Duda, J. L., & Balaguer, I. (2007). The coach-created motivational climate. In D. Lavalee & S. Jowett (Eds.), Social psychology of sport (pp. 117-130). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
10. Duda, J. L., & Ntoumanis, N. (2005). After-school sport for children: Implications of a task-involving motivational climate. In J. L. Mahoney, R. Larson, & J. Eccles (Eds.), Organized activities as contexts of development: Extracurricular activities, after-school and community programs (pp. 311-330). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
11. Elliot, E. S., & Church, M. A. (1997). A hierarchical model of approach and avoidance achievement motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 218-232. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.72.1.218
12. Enders, C. K., & Tofighi, D. (2007). Centering predictor variables in cross-sectional multilevel models: A new look at an old issue. Psychological Methods, 12, 121-138. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.12.2.121
13. Gagne´, M., Ryan, R. M., & Bargmann, K. (2003). Autonomy support and need satisfaction in the motivation and well-being of gymnasts. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 15, 372-390. doi:10.1080/714044203
14. Gano-Overway, L. A., Guivernau, M., Magyar, T. M., Waldron, J. J., & Ewing, M. E. (2005). Achievement goal perspectives, perceptions of the motivational climate, and sportspersonship: Individual and team effects. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 6, 215-232. doi:10.1016/ j.psychsport.2003.11.001
15. Harwood, C., & Swain, A. B. J. (2001). The development and activation of achievement goals in tennis: I. Understanding the underlying factors. Sport Psychologist, 15, 319-341.
16. Kaestner, R., & Xu, X. (2006). Effects of Title IX and sports participation on girls' physical activity and weight. Advances in Health Economics and Health Services Research, 17, 79-111. doi:10.1016/S0731-2199(06)17004-1
17. Kavussanu, M., Roberts, G., & Ntoumanis, N. (2002). Contextual influences on moral functioning of college basketball players. Sport Psychologist, 16, 347-367.
18. Larson, R. W. (2000). Toward a psychology of positive youth development. American Psychologist, 55, 170-183. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.170
19. Le Bars, H., Gernigon, C., & Ninot, G. (2009). Personal and contextual determinants of elite young athletes' persistence or dropping out over time. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 19, 274-285. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2008.00786.x
20. Lee, M. J., Whitehead, J., & Ntoumanis, N. (2007). Development of the Attitudes to Moral Decisions in Youth Sport Questionnaire. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8, 369-392. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2006.12.002
21. Lee, M. J., Whitehead, J., Ntoumanis, N., & Hatzigeorgiadis, A. (2008). Relationships between values, achievement orientations, and attitudes in youth sport. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 30, 588-610.
22. Lemyre, P.-N., Hall, H. K., & Roberts, G. C. (2008). A social cognitive approach to burnout in elite athletes. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 18, 221-234. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2007 .00671.x
23. Lüdtke, O., Robitzsch, A., Trautwein, U., & Kunter, M. (2009). Assessing the impact of learning environments: How to use student ratings of classroom or school characteristics in multilevel modeling. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 34, 120-131. doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2008.12.001
24. Maehr, M., & Midgley, C. (1991). Enhancing student motivation: A schoolwide approach. Educational Psychologist, 26, 399-427. doi: 10.1207/s15326985ep2603&4_9
25. Mahoney, J. L., Larson, R. W., Eccles, J. S., & Lord, H. (2005). Organized activities as developmental contexts for children and adolescents. In J. L. Mahoney, R. W. Larson, & J. S. Eccles (Eds.), Organized activities as contexts of development: Extracurricular activities, after-school and community programs (pp. 4-22). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
26. Meece, J. L., Anderman, E. M., & Anderman, L. H. (2006). Classroom goal structures, student motivation, and academic achievement. Annual Review of Psychology, 57, 487-504. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych. 56.091103.070258
27. Miller, B. W., Roberts, G. C., & Ommundsen, Y. (2004). Effect of motivational climate on sportspersonship among competitive youth male and female football players. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 14, 193-202. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2003.00320.x
28. Nicholls, J. G. (1989). The competitive ethos and democratic education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
29. Ntoumanis, N. (2005). A prospective study of participation in optional school physical education based on self-determination theory. Journal of Educational Psychology, 97, 444-453. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.97.3.444
30. Ntoumanis, N., & Biddle, S. J. H. (1999). A review of motivational climate in physical activity. Journal of Sports Sciences, 17, 643-665. doi: 10.1080/026404199365678
31. Ntoumanis, N., & Vazou, S. (2005). Peer motivational climate in youth sport: Measurement development. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 27, 432-455.
32. Ntoumanis, N., Vazou, S., & Duda, J. L. (2007). Peer-created motivational climate. In S. Jowett & D. Lavallee (Eds.), Social psychology in sport (pp. 145-156). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
33. Papaioannou, A., Marsh, H. W., & Theodorakis, Y. (2004). A multilevel approach to motivational climate in physical education and sport settings: An individual or a group level construct? Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 26, 90-118.
34. Park, N. (2004). The role of subjective well-being in positive youth development. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 591, 25-39. doi:10.1177/0002716203260078
35. Peterson, C. (2004). Positive social science. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 591, 186-201. doi:10.1177/ 0002716203260100
36. Pintrich, P. R. (2000). Multiple goals, multiple pathways: The role of goal orientations in learning and achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 92, 544-555. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.92.3.544
37. Pintrich, P. R., Conley, A., & Kempler, T. (2003). Current issues in achievement goal theory and research. Educational Research, 39, 319-337.
38. Raedeke, T. D., & Smith, A. (2001). Development and preliminary validation of a measure of athlete burnout. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 23, 281-306.
39. Rashbash, J., Steele, F., Browne, W. J., & Goldstein, H. (2009). A user's guide to MLwiN (Version 2.10). Bristol, England: University of Bristol.
40. Raudenbush, S. W., & Bryk, A. S. (2002). Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
41. Reinboth, M., & Duda, J. L. (2006). Perceived motivational climate, need satisfaction and indices of well-being in team sports: A longitudinal perspective. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 7, 269-286. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2005.06.002
42. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 141-166. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych .52.1.141
43. Ryan, R. M., & Frederick, C. M. (1997). On energy, personality and health: Subjective vitality as a dynamic reflection of well-being. Journal of Personality, 65, 529-565.
44. Ryan, R. M., Koestner, R., & Deci, E. L. (1991). Varied forms of persistence: When free-choice behavior is not intrinsically motivated. Motivation and Emotion, 15, 185-205. doi:10.1007/BF00995170
45. Sage, L., & Kavussanu, M. (2007). The effects of goal involvement on moral behavior in an experimentally manipulated competitive setting. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 29, 190-207.
46. Shields, D. L. L., & Bredemeier, B. J. L. (2007). Advances in sport morality research. In G. Tenenbaum & R. C. Eklund (Eds.), Handbook of sport psychology (3rd ed., pp. 662-684). Indianapolis, IN: Wiley.
47. Singer, J. D., & Willett, J. B. (2003). Applied longitudinal data analysis: Modeling change and event occurrence. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
48. Smith, A. L., Gustafsson, H., & Hassmén, P. (2010). Peer motivational climate and burnout perceptions of adolescent athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 11, 453-460. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2010.05.007
49. Smith, R. E., Cumming, S. P., & Smoll, F. L. (2008). Measurement of motivational climate in youth sports: The Motivational Climate Scale for Youth Sports. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 20, 116-136. doi: 10.1080/10413200701790558
50. Smith, R. E., Smoll, F. L., & Cumming, S. P. (2007). Effects of a motivational climate intervention for coaches on young athletes' sport performance anxiety. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 29, 39-59.
51. Smith, S. L., Fry, M. D., Ethington, C. A., & Li, Y. (2005). The effect of female athletes' perceptions of their coaches' behaviors on their perceptions of the motivational climate. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 17, 170-177. doi:10.1080/10413200590932470
52. Sullivan, H. S. (1953). The interpersonal theory of psychiatry. London, England: Tavistock.
53. Taylor, I. M., & Ntoumanis, N. (2007). Teacher motivational strategies and student self-determination in physical education. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99, 747-760. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.99.4.747
54. Telama, R., & Yang, X. (2000). Decline of physical activity from youth to young adulthood in Finland. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32, 1617-1622. doi:0195-9131/00/3209-1617/0
55. Theokas, C. (2009). Youth sport participation-A view of the issues: Introduction to the special section. Developmental Psychology, 45, 303-306. doi:10.1037/a0015042
56. Treasure, D. C., & Roberts, G. C. (2001). Students' perceptions of the motivational climate, achievement beliefs, and satisfaction in physical education. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 72, 165-175.
57. Vallerand, R. J., Brie're, N. M., Blanchard, C., & Provencher, P. (1997). Development and validation of the Multidimensional Sportspersonship Orientations Scale. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 19, 197-206.
58. Vazou, S., Ntoumanis, N., & Duda, J. L. (2006). Predicting young athletes' motivational indices as a function of their perceptions of the coach- and peer-created climate. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 7, 215-233. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2005.08.007
59. Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
60. Wallhead, T., & Ntoumanis, N. (2004). Effects of a sport education intervention on students' motivational responses in physical education. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 23, 4-18.
61. Weiss, M. R., & Stuntz, C. P. (2004). A little friendly competition: Peer relationships and psychosocial development in youth sport and physical activity contexts. In M. R. Weiss (Ed.), Developmental sport and exercise psychology: A lifespan perspective (pp. 165-196). Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology.
62. Wentzel, K. R. (1999). Social-motivational processes and interpersonal relationships: Implications for understanding motivation at school. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91, 76-97. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.91.1.76
63. White, S. A. (2007). Parent-created motivational climate. In S. Jowett & D. Lavallee (Eds.), Social psychology in sport (pp. 131-143). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.