Testing Bergmann's rule and the resource seasonality hypothesis in Malagasy primates using GIS-based climate data

American Journal of Physical Anthropology

Volumn 147, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 401-408

  Kamilar, Jason M ^a,b,c   Muldoon, Kathleen M ^d,e   Lehman, Shawn M ^f   Herrera, James P ^g  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b MIDWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d DARTMOUTH MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^e Dartmouth College   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^g STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

biogeography; body mass; habitat; phylogenetic signal; spatial autocorrelation

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BERGMANN RULE; BIOGEOGRAPHY; BODY MASS; BODY MASS VARIATION; CLIMATE; DIET; HYPOTHESIS; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; LEMURIDAE; MADAGASCAR; NONHUMAN; PHYLOGENY; SEASONAL VARIATION; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION ANALYSIS; STATISTICAL MODEL; THERMOREGULATION;

ANIMALS; ANTHROPOLOGY, PHYSICAL; BODY SIZE; CLIMATE; ECOSYSTEM; FEMALE; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS; LEMUR; MADAGASCAR; MALE; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; PHYLOGENY; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; REGRESSION ANALYSIS;

EID: 84857234359     PISSN: 00029483     EISSN: 10968644     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22002     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. Albrecht GH, Jenkins PD, Godfrey LR,. 1990. Ecogeographic size variation among the living and subfossil prosimians of Madagascar. Am J Primatol 22: 1-50.
2. Arnold C, Matthews LJ, Nunn CL,. 2010. The 10kTrees website: a new online resource for primate phylogeny. Evol Anthropol 19: 114-118.
3. Ashton KG, Tracy MC, de Queiroz A,. 2000. Is Bergmann's rule valid for mammals? Am Nat 156: 390-415.
4. Bergmann C,. 1847. Ueber die Verhaltnisseder Warmeokonomie der thiere zu ihrer grosse. Gottinger Studien 1: 595-708.
5. Bininda-Emonds ORP, Cardillo M, Jones KE, MacPhee RDE, Beck RMD, Grenyer R, Price SA, Vos RA, Gittleman JL, Purvis A,. 2007. The delayed rise of present-day mammals. Nature 446: 507-512. (Pubitemid 46514725)
6. Blackburn TM, Gaston KJ, Loder N,. 1999. Geographic gradients in body size: a clarification of Bergmann's rule. Diversity Distributions 5: 165-174. (Pubitemid 30044711)
7. Blackburn TM, Hawkins BA,. 2004. Bergmann's rule and the mammal fauna of northern North America. Ecography 27: 715-724. (Pubitemid 40033049)
8. Blanco MB, Rahalinarivo V,. 2010. First direct evidence of hibernation in an eastern dwarf lemur species (Cheirogaleus crossleyi) from the high-altitude forest of Tsinjoarivo, central-eastern Madagascar. Naturweissenshaften 97: 945-950.
9. Blomberg SP, Garland T,. 2002. Tempo and mode in evolution: phylogenetic inertia, adaptation and comparative methods. J Evol Biol 15: 899-910. (Pubitemid 35326122)
10. Boyce MS,. 1979. Seasonality and patterns of natural selection for life histories. Am Nat 114: 569-583.
11. Burgess N, Hales JD, Underwood E, Dinerstein E,. 2004. Terrestrial ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: a conservation assessment. Island Press.
12. Cardillo M,. 2002. Body size and latitudinal gradients in regional diversity of New World birds. Global Ecol Biogeogr 11: 59-65.
13. Chatterjee HJ, Ho SYW, Barnes I, Groves C,. 2009. Estimating the phylogeny and divergence times of primates using a supermatrix approach. BMC Evol Biol 9: 259.
14. Chivers DJ, Hladik CM,. 1984. Diet and gut morphology in primates. In:, Chivers DJ, Wood BA, Bilsborough A, editors. Food acquisition and processing in primates. New York: Plenum Press. p 213-230.
15. Cooper N, Jetz W, Freckleton RP,. 2010. Phylogenetic comparative approaches for studying niche conservatism. J Evol Biol 23: 2529-2539.
16. Dayan T, Simberloff D, Tchernov E, Yom-Tov Y,. 1991. Calibrating the paleothermometer: climate, communities, and the evolution of size. Paleobiol 17: 189-199.
17. Dehgan A,. 2003. The behavior extinction: predicting the incidence and local extinction of lemurs in fragmented habitats of southeastern Madagascar. Chicago: The University of Chicago.
18. Diniz-Filho JAF, Bini LM, Hawkins BA,. 2003. Spatial autocorrelation and red herrings in geographical ecology. Global Ecol Biogeogr 12: 53-64.
19. Diniz-Filho JAF, de Sant'Ana CER, Bini LM,. 1998. An eigenvector method for estimating phylogenetic inertia. Evolution 52: 1247-1262. (Pubitemid 28537236)
20. Felsenstein J,. 1985. Phylogenies and the comparative method. Am Nat 125: 1-15.
21. Freckleton RP, Jetz W,. 2009. Space versus phylogeny: disentangling phylogenetic and spatial signals in comparative data Proc R Soc B 276: 21-30.
22. Ganzhorn JU,. 1992. Leaf chemistry and the biomass of folivorous primates in tropical forests: test of a hypothesis. Oecologia 91: 540-547.
23. Goodman SM, Ganzhorn JU,. 2004. Biogeography of lemurs in the humid forests of Madagascar: the role of elevational distribution and rivers. J Biogeogr 31: 47-55. (Pubitemid 38106649)
24. Harcourt AH, Schreier BM,. 2009. Diversity, body mass, and latitudinal gradients in primates. Int J Primatol 30: 283-300.
25. Hijmans RJ, Cameron SE, Parra JL, Jones PG, Jarvis A,. 2005. Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. Int J Climatol 25: 1965-1978. (Pubitemid 43013915)
26. Ho C-K, Pennings SC, Carefoot TH,. 2010. Is diet quality an overlooked mechanism for Bergmann's rule? Am Nat 175: 269-276.
27. Huston MA, Wolverton S,. 2009. The global distribution of net primary production: resolving the paradox. Ecol Monogr 79: 343-377.
28. Irwin MT,. 2008. Feeding ecology of diademed sifakas (Propithecus diadema) in forest fragments and continuous forest. Int J Primatol 29: 95-115.
29. James FC,. 1970. Geographic size variation in birds and its relationship to climate. Ecology 51: 365-390.
30. Jolly A,. 1966. Lemur social behavior and primate intelligence. Science 153: 501-506.
31. Kamilar JM,. 2009. Environmental and geographic correlates of the taxonomic structure of primate communities. Am J Phys Anthropol 139: 382-393.
32. Kamilar JM, Bradley BJ,. 2011. Interspecific variation in primate coat color supports Gloger's rule. J Biogeogr 38: 2270-2277.
33. Kamilar JM, Muldoon KM,. 2010. The climatic niche diversity of Malagasy primates: a phylogenetic approach. PLoS ONE 5: e11073. doi:11010.11371/journal. pone.0011073.
34. Kamilar JM, Pokempner AA,. 2008. Does body mass dimorphism increase male-female dietary niche separation? A comparative study of primates. Behavior 145: 1211-1234.
35. Kay RF,. 1984. On the use of anatomical features to infer foraging behavior in extinct primates. In:, Rodman PS, Cant JGH, editors. Adaptations for foraging in nonhuman primates: contributions to an organismal biology of prosimians, monkeys, and apes. New York: Columbia University Press. p 21-53.
36. Kay RF, Madden RH, van Schaik C, Higdon D,. 1997. Primate species richness is determined by plant productivity: implications for conservation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 13023-13027. (Pubitemid 27518469)
37. Kobbe S, Dausmann KH,. 2010. Hibernation in Malagasy mouse lemurs as a strategy to counter environmental challenge. Naturweissenshaften 96: 1221-12227.
38. Kremen C,. 2003. The Masoala peninsula. In:, Goodman S, Benstead JP, editors. The natural history of Madagascar. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p 1459-1466.
39. Lahann P, Dausmann K,. 2011. Live fast, die young: flexibility of life history traits in the fat-tailed dwarf lemur (Cheirogaleus medius). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 65: 381-390.
40. Lehman SM,. 2007. Ecological and phylogenetic correlates to body size in the Indriidae. Int J Primatol 28: 183-210. (Pubitemid 46478731)
41. Lehman SM, Mayor M, Wright PC,. 2005. Ecogeographic size variations in sifakas: a test of the resource seasonality and resource quality hypotheses. Am J Phys Anthropol 126: 318-328. (Pubitemid 40223526)
42. Lindstedt SL, Boyce MS,. 1985. Seasonality, fasting endurance, and body size in mammals. Am Nat 125: 873-878. (Pubitemid 16280212)
43. Maddison WP, Maddison DR,. 2007. Mesquite: a modular system for evolutionary analysis. Version 2.0.
44. Malcolm JR, Liu C, Neilson RP, Hansen L, Hannah L,. 2006. Global warming and extinctions of endemic species from biodiversity hotspots. Conserv Biol 20: 538-548.
45. McNab BK,. 2010. The geographic and temporal correlations of mammalian size reconsidered: a resource rule. Oecologia 164: 13-21.
46. Meiri S, Dayan T,. 2003. On the validity of Bergmann's rule. J Biogeogr 30: 331-351. (Pubitemid 36409170)
47. Meiri S, Dayan T, Simberloff D,. 2004. Carnivores, biases and Bergmann's rule. Biol J Linn Soc 81: 579-588. (Pubitemid 38497949)
48. Meiri S, Thomas GH,. 2007. The geography of body size-challenges of the interspecific approach. Global Ecol Biogeogr 16: 689-693. (Pubitemid 47595205)
49. Mittermeier RA, Konstant WR, Hawkins F, Louis EE, Langrand O, Ratsimbazafy J, Rasoloarison R, Ganzhorn JU, Rajaobelina S, Tattersall I, et al. 2006. Lemurs of Madagascar. Washington, DC: Conservation International.
50. Morland HS,. 1993. Seasonal behavioral variation and its relationship to thermoregulation in ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata variegata). In:, Kappeler PM, Ganzhorn JU, editors. Lemur social systems and their ecological basis. New York: Plenum Press. p 193-203.
51. Muldoon KM, Goodman SM,. 2010. Ecological biogeography of Malagasy non-volant mammals: community structure is correlated with habitat. J Biogeogr 37: 1144-1159.
52. Muldoon KM, Simons EL,. 2007. Ecogeographic size variation in small-bodied subfossil primates from Ankilitelo, SW Madagascar. Am J Phys Anthropol 134: 152-161. (Pubitemid 47438650)
53. Pagel M,. 1997. Inferring evolutionary processes from phylogenies. Zool Script 26: 331-348. (Pubitemid 28224034)
54. Pagel M,. 1999. Inferring the historical patterns of biological evolution. Nature 401: 877-884.
55. Powzyk JA,. 1997. The socio-ecology of two sympatric indriids: Propithecus diadema diadema and Indri indri, a comparison of feeding strategies and their possible repercussions on species-specific behaviors [PhD]. Durham, NC: Duke University.
56. Quinn G, Keough M,. 2002. Experimental design and data analysis for biologists. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
57. R Development Core and Team. 2009. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
58. Rangel TFLVB, Diniz-Filho JAF, Bini LM,. 2010. SAM: a comprehensive application for Spatial Analysis in Macroecology. Ecography 33: 46-50.
59. Ravosa MJ, Meyers DM, Glander KE,. 1993. Relative growth of the limbs and trunk in sifakas: heterochronic, ecological, and functional considerations. Am J Phys Anthropol 92: 499-520. (Pubitemid 23361469)
60. Revell LJ,. 2010. Phylogenetic signal and linear regression on species data. Meth Ecol Evol 1: 319-329.
61. Revell LJ, Harmon LJ, Collar DC,. 2008. Phylogenetic signal, evolutionary process, and rate. Syst Biol 57: 591-601.
62. Richard AF,. 1978. Behavioral variation: case study of a Malagasy lemur. Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press.
63. Rodríguez MA, Olalla-Tárraga, MA, Hawkins BA,. 2008. Bergmann's rule and the geography of mammal body size in the Western Hemisphere. Global Ecol Biogeogr 17: 274-283. (Pubitemid 351232672)
64. Rosenzweig ML,. 1968a. Net primary productivity of terrestrial communities: prediction from climatological data. Am Nat 102: 67-74.
65. Rosenzweig ML,. 1968b. Strategy of body size in mammalian carnivores. Am Midland Nat 80: 299-315.
66. Schmid J, Ganzhorn J,. 2009. Optional strategies for reduced metabolism in gray mouse lemurs. Naturweissenschaften 96: 737-741.
67. Schülke O, Ostner J,. 2007. Physiological ecology in cheirogaleids: hibernation and torpor. Acta Ethologica 10: 13-21. (Pubitemid 46723610)
68. Smith FA, Brown JH, Haskell JP, Lyons SK, Alroy J, Charnov EL, Dayan T, Enquist BJ, Ernest SKM, Hadly EA, et al. 2004. Similarity of mammalian body size across the taxonomic hierarchy and across space and time. Am Nat 163: 672-691. (Pubitemid 38722290)
69. Smith RJ, Jungers WL,. 1997. Body mass in comparative primatology. J Hum Evol 32: 523-559.
70. Sokal RR, Oden NL,. 1978. Spatial autocorrelation in biology. 2. Some biological implications and four applications of evolutionary and ecological interest. Biol J Linnean Soc 10: 229-249.
71. Terborgh J, van Schaik CP,. 1987. Convergence vs. nonconvergence in primate communities. In:, Gee JHR, Giller PS, editors. Organization of communities past and present. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications. p 205-226.
72. Vences M, Wollenberg KC, Vieites DR, Lees DC,. 2009. Madagascar as a model region of species diversification. Trends Ecol Evol 24: 456-465.
73. Watt C, Mitchell S, Salewski V,. 2010. Bergmann's rule: a concept cluster? Oikos 119: 89-100.
74. Wells NA,. 2003. Some hypotheses on the Mesozoic and Cenozoic paleoenvironmental history of Madagascar. In:, Goodman SM, Benstead JP, editors. The natural history of Madagascar. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p 16-34.
75. Wilmé L, Goodman SM, Ganzhorn JU,. 2006. Biogeographic evolution of Madagascar's microendemic biota. Science 312: 1063-1065.
76. Wright PC,. 1999. Lemur traits and Madagascar ecology: coping with an island environment. Yearb Phys Anthropol 42: 31-72.
77. Wright PC,. 2006. Considering climate change effects in lemur ecology and conservation. In:, Gould L, Sauther ML, editors. Lemurs: ecology and adaptation. New York: Springer. p 385-401.
78. Yoder AD, Cartmill M, Ruvolo M, Smith K, Vilgalys R,. 1996. Ancient single origin for Malagasy primates. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: 5122-5126. (Pubitemid 26162881)
79. Yoder AD, Yang ZH,. 2004. Divergence dates for Malagasy lemurs estimated from multiple gene loci: geological and evolutionary context. Mol Ecol 13: 757-773. (Pubitemid 38390585)