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2
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Epidemiology of recurrences or reinfections of Clostridium difficile- associated diarrhea
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Barbut F, Richard A, Hamadi K, et al. Epidemiology of recurrences or reinfections of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:2386-2388. (Pubitemid 30414372)
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Barbut, F.1
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Johnson, S.1
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Clinical practice guidelines for Clostridium difficile infection in adults: 2010 update by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA)
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Outstanding review and thorough guideline presentation for the diagnosis and management of CDI in adults based on a rigorous systematic review of the literature
-
Cohen SH, Gerding DN, Johnson S, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for Clostridium difficile infection in adults: 2010 update by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2010; 31:431-455. Outstanding review and thorough guideline presentation for the diagnosis and management of CDI in adults based on a rigorous systematic review of the literature.
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Cohen, S.H.1
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Good review of current therapy recommendations for CDI and recurrent infections
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Cocanour CS. Best strategies in recurrent or persistent Clostridium difficile infection. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2011; 12:1-5. Good review of current therapy recommendations for CDI and recurrent infections.
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Cocanour, C.S.1
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Thorough review of CDI with additional focus on recurrent infection algorithm, current therapy, and future potential treatments
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Pannerden CM, Verbon A, Kuipers EJ. Recurrent Clostridium difficile infection: what are the treatment options? Drugs 2011; 71:853-868. Thorough review of CDI with additional focus on recurrent infection algorithm, current therapy, and future potential treatments.
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Drugs
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Pannerden, C.M.1
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DOI 10.1016/S1473-3099(05)70215-2, PII S1473309905702152
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Aslam, S.1
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ECDIS study group. Clostridium difficile infection in Europe: A hospital-based survey
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A survey involving 34 European countries conducted in 2008 demonstrating that the incidence of CDI varied across hospitals and countries. Discusses the different strains and their prevalence, as well as risk factors
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Bauer M, Notermans D, van Benthem B, et al. ECDIS Study Group. Clostridium difficile infection in Europe: a hospital-based survey. Lancet 2011; 377:63-73. A survey involving 34 European countries conducted in 2008 demonstrating that the incidence of CDI varied across hospitals and countries. Discusses the different strains and their prevalence, as well as risk factors.
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Lancet
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Bauer, M.1
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Good source of current information on epidemiology and evolving risk factors and at risk populations
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Ananthakrishnan AN. Clostridium difficile infection: epidemiology, risk factors and management. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 8:17-26. Good source of current information on epidemiology and evolving risk factors and at risk populations.
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Ananthakrishnan, A.N.1
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DOI 10.1016/S0002-9270(02)04195-3
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McFarland LV, Elmer GW, Surawicz CM. Breaking the cycle: treatment strategies for 163 cases of recurrent Clostridium difficile disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2002; 97:1769-1775. (Pubitemid 34761404)
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Association between antibody response to toxin A and protection against recurrent Clostridium difficile diarrhoea
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DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03592-3
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Kyne L, Warny M, Qamar A, Kelly CP. Association between antibody response to toxin A and protection against recurrent Clostridium difficile diarrhoea. Lancet 2001; 357:189-193. (Pubitemid 32108091)
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DOI 10.1086/525047
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Chang JY, Antonopoulos DA, Kalra A, et al. Decreased diversity of the fecal microbiome in recurrent Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. J Infect Dis 2008; 197:435-438. (Pubitemid 351263426)
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DOI 10.1016/j.cgh.2007.02.025, PII S1542356507002194
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Katchar K, Taylor CP, Tummala S, et al. Association between IgG2 and IgG3 subclass responses to toxin A and recurrent Clostridium difficile-associated disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 5:707-713. (Pubitemid 46830983)
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Excellent review of the most current literature pertaining to the immune system and the inflammatory response to CDI. Up-to-date information on active and passive immunity and their future role in CDI and recurrent infection
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Kelly CP, Kyne L. The host immune response to Clostridium difficile. J Med Microbiol 2011; 60:1070-1079. Excellent review of the most current literature pertaining to the immune system and the inflammatory response to CDI. Up-to-date information on active and passive immunity and their future role in CDI and recurrent infection.
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An analysis and discussion of the epidemiology of CDI during epidemic and nonepidemic years in Montreal
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Gilca R, Hubert B, Fortin E, et al. Epidemiological patterns and hospital characteristics associated with increased incidence of Clostridium difficile infection in Quebec, Canada. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2010; 31:939-947. An analysis and discussion of the epidemiology of CDI during epidemic and nonepidemic years in Montreal.
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McDonald LC, Owings M, Jernigan DB. Clostridium difficile infection in patients discharged from US short-stay hospitals, 1996-2003. Emerg Infect Dis 2006; 12:409-415.
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Excellent and comprehensive review of the evolving epidemiology of C. difficile infections including outbreaks, regional trends, and distribution of ribotypes
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Freeman J, Bauer MP, Baines SD, et al. The changing epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 2010; 23:529-549. Excellent and comprehensive review of the evolving epidemiology of C. difficile infections including outbreaks, regional trends, and distribution of ribotypes.
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A study that identifies patient risk factors and estimated incidence of CA-CD in North Carolina in 2005
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Kutty PK, Woods CW, Sena AC, et al. Risk factors for and estimated incidence of community-associated Clostridium difficile infection, North Carolina, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 2010; 16:197-204. A study that identifies patient risk factors and estimated incidence of CA-CD in North Carolina in 2005.
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Kutty, P.K.1
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Severe Clostridium difficile associated disease in populations previously at low risk-four states, 2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2005; 54:1201-1205.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Surveillance for community acquired Clostridium difficile infection: Connecticut, 2006. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2008; 57:340-343.
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Lambert PJ, Dyck M, Thompson LH, Hammond GW. Population-based surveillance of Clostridium difficile infection in Manitoba, Canada, by using interim surveillance definitions. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2009; 30:945-951.
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Excellent review of current literature and presentation of epidemiology and guidelines for surveillance, prevention and control of CDI in healthcare facilities
-
Barbut F, Jones G, Eckert C. Epidemiology and control of Clostridium difficile infections in healthcare settings: an update. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2011; 24:370-376. Excellent review of current literature and presentation of epidemiology and guidelines for surveillance, prevention and control of CDI in healthcare facilities.
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Barbut, F.1
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24
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Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 027: Assessing the risks of further worldwide spread
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Thorough update on CDI evolution and dissemination through a risk assessment framework. They discuss outbreak prevention
-
Clements AC, Magalhaes RJ, Tatem AJ, et al. Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 027: assessing the risks of further worldwide spread. Lancet Infect Dis 2010; 10:395-404. Thorough update on CDI evolution and dissemination through a risk assessment framework. They discuss outbreak prevention.
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Clements, A.C.1
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DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa051639
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Loo VG, Poirier L, Miller MA, et al. A predominantly clonal multiinstitutional outbreak of Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea with high morbidity and mortality. N Engl J Med 2005; 353:2442-2449. (Pubitemid 41770165)
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DOI 10.1086/501126
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Pepin J, Routhier S, Gagnon S, Brazeau I. Management and outcomes of a first recurrence of Clostridium difficile-associated disease in Quebec, Canada. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 42:758-764. (Pubitemid 43363928)
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Miller M, Gravel D, Mulvey M, et al. Healthcare-associated Clostridium difficile infection in Canada: patient age and infecting strain type are highly predictive of severe outcome and mortality. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 50:194-201.
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DOI 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01824.x
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Barbut F, Mastrantonio P, Delmee M, et al. Prospective study of Clostridium difficile infections in Europe with phenotypic and genotypic characterisation of the isolates. Clin Microbiol Infect 2007; 13:1048-1057. (Pubitemid 47553515)
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DOI 10.1128/JCM.01964-07
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30
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They compared hypervirulent and nonhypervirulent strains and studied their toxin production and sporulation
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Merrigan M, Venugopal A, Mallozzi M, et al. Human hypervirulent Clostridium difficile strains exhibit increased sporulation as well as robust toxin production. J Bacteriol 2010; 194:4904-4911. They compared hypervirulent and nonhypervirulent strains and studied their toxin production and sporulation.
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Barbut F, Decre D, Lalande V, et al. Clinical features of Clostridium difficileassociated diarrhoea due to binary toxin (actin-specific ADP-ribosyltransferase)- producing strains. J Med Microbiol 2005; 54:181-185. (Pubitemid 40868005)
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Wilcox M. Clostridium difficile ribotyping network for England and Northern Ireland 2008/09 report. London: Health Protection Agency; 2009.
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Hensgens MP, Goorhuis A, Notermans DW, et al. Decrease of hypervirulent Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 027 in the Netherlands. Euro Surveill 2009; 14:pii19402.
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Riley TV, Thean S, Hool G, Golledge CL. First Australian isolation of epidemic Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 027. Med J Aust 2009; 190:706-708.
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Tae CH, Jung SA, Song HJ, et al. The first case of antibiotic-associated colitis by Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 027 in Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2009; 24:520-524.
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Cheng VC, Yam WC, Chan JF, et al. Clostridium difficile ribotype 027 arrives in Hong Kong. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009; 34:492-493.
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this study, they look at risk factors for CDI in an endemic setting over 34 months in the Netherlands. This prospective case-control study found that risk factors for CDI in endemic settings differed from those in outbreak situations
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Hensgens MP, Goorhuis A, van Kinschot CM, et al. Clostridium difficile infection in an endemic setting in the Netherlands. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 30:587-593. In this study, they look at risk factors for CDI in an endemic setting over 34 months in the Netherlands. This prospective case-control study found that risk factors for CDI in endemic settings differed from those in outbreak situations.
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Goorhuis A, Bakker D, Corver J, et al. Emergence of Clostridium difficile infection due to a new hypervirulent strain, polymerase chain reaction ribotype 078. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 47:1162-1170.
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