메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 417-418, Issue , 2012, Pages 117-128

PCBs and OH-PCBs in polar bear mother-cub pairs: A comparative study based on plasma levels in 1998 and 2008

Author keywords

Climate change; Hydroxylated PCB metabolites; Maternal transfer; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Risk assessment; Svalbard

Indexed keywords

COMPARATIVE STUDIES; GAIN INSIGHT; HEALTH EFFECTS; MATERNAL TRANSFER; OH-PCBS; PLASMA CONCENTRATION; PLASMA LEVELS; POLAR BEARS; POTENTIAL HEALTH; SVALBARD; WET WEIGHT;

EID: 84857034834     PISSN: 00489697     EISSN: 18791026     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.12.033     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (71)

References (100)
  • 2
    • 0035069962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographic variation of PCB congeners in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from Svalbard east to the Chukchi Sea
    • Andersen M., Lie E., Derocher A.E., Belikov S.E., Bernhoft A., Boltunov A.N., et al. Geographic variation of PCB congeners in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from Svalbard east to the Chukchi Sea. Polar Biol 2001, 24:231-238.
    • (2001) Polar Biol , vol.24 , pp. 231-238
    • Andersen, M.1    Lie, E.2    Derocher, A.E.3    Belikov, S.E.4    Bernhoft, A.5    Boltunov, A.N.6
  • 3
    • 0025784692 scopus 로고
    • Drug use during breast-feeding
    • Anderson P.O. Drug use during breast-feeding. Clin Pharm 1991, 10:594-624.
    • (1991) Clin Pharm , vol.10 , pp. 594-624
    • Anderson, P.O.1
  • 4
    • 77955426004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of PCB 118 and PCB 153 and hydroxylated PCB metabolites (OH-CBs) in maternal, fetal and lamb tissues of sheep exposed during gestation and lactation
    • Berg V., Lyche J.L., Gutleb A.C., Lie E., Skaare J.U., Aleksandersen M., et al. Distribution of PCB 118 and PCB 153 and hydroxylated PCB metabolites (OH-CBs) in maternal, fetal and lamb tissues of sheep exposed during gestation and lactation. Chemosphere 2010, 80:1144-1150.
    • (2010) Chemosphere , vol.80 , pp. 1144-1150
    • Berg, V.1    Lyche, J.L.2    Gutleb, A.C.3    Lie, E.4    Skaare, J.U.5    Aleksandersen, M.6
  • 5
    • 0030778897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organochlorines in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) at Svalbard
    • Bernhoft A., Wiig O., Skaare J.U. Organochlorines in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) at Svalbard. Environ Pollut 1997, 95:159-175.
    • (1997) Environ Pollut , vol.95 , pp. 159-175
    • Bernhoft, A.1    Wiig, O.2    Skaare, J.U.3
  • 7
    • 0004518557 scopus 로고
    • Modes of thermal protection in polar bear cubs - at birth and on emergence from the den
    • Blix A.S., Lentfer J.W. Modes of thermal protection in polar bear cubs - at birth and on emergence from the den. Am J Physiol 1979, 236:R67-R74.
    • (1979) Am J Physiol , vol.236
    • Blix, A.S.1    Lentfer, J.W.2
  • 8
    • 63749130620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of accumulation of an environmentally relevant polychlorinated biphenyl mixture on cytochrome P450 and P-glycoprotein expressions in fetuses and pregnant rats
    • Bonfanti P., Colombo A., Villa S., Comelli F., Costa B., Santagostino A. The effects of accumulation of an environmentally relevant polychlorinated biphenyl mixture on cytochrome P450 and P-glycoprotein expressions in fetuses and pregnant rats. Chemosphere 2009, 75:572-579.
    • (2009) Chemosphere , vol.75 , pp. 572-579
    • Bonfanti, P.1    Colombo, A.2    Villa, S.3    Comelli, F.4    Costa, B.5    Santagostino, A.6
  • 9
    • 0030671084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concentration-dependent changes of PCB patterns in fish-eating mammals: structural evidence for induction of cytochrome P450
    • Boon J., van der Meer J., Allchin C., Law R., Klunsoyr J., Leonards P. Concentration-dependent changes of PCB patterns in fish-eating mammals: structural evidence for induction of cytochrome P450. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1997, 33:298-311.
    • (1997) Arch Environ Contam Toxicol , vol.33 , pp. 298-311
    • Boon, J.1    van der Meer, J.2    Allchin, C.3    Law, R.4    Klunsoyr, J.5    Leonards, P.6
  • 10
    • 3042555630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between PCBs and thyroid hormones and retinol in female and male polar bears
    • Braathen M., Derocher A.E., Wiig O., Sormo E.G., Lie E., Skaare J.U., et al. Relationships between PCBs and thyroid hormones and retinol in female and male polar bears. Environ Health Perspect 2004, 112:826-833.
    • (2004) Environ Health Perspect , vol.112 , pp. 826-833
    • Braathen, M.1    Derocher, A.E.2    Wiig, O.3    Sormo, E.G.4    Lie, E.5    Skaare, J.U.6
  • 11
    • 28444449455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent organic pollutants and mercury in marine biota of the Canadian Arctic: an overview of spatial and temporal trends
    • Braune B.M., Outridge P.M., Fisk A.T., Muir D.C.G., Helm P.A., Hobbs K., et al. Persistent organic pollutants and mercury in marine biota of the Canadian Arctic: an overview of spatial and temporal trends. Sci Total Environ 2005, 351:4-56.
    • (2005) Sci Total Environ , vol.351 , pp. 4-56
    • Braune, B.M.1    Outridge, P.M.2    Fisk, A.T.3    Muir, D.C.G.4    Helm, P.A.5    Hobbs, K.6
  • 12
    • 0017942101 scopus 로고
    • Gas-chromatographic method for determination of organochlorine pesticides in human milk
    • Brevik E.M. Gas-chromatographic method for determination of organochlorine pesticides in human milk. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1978, 19:281-286.
    • (1978) Bull Environ Contam Toxicol , vol.19 , pp. 281-286
    • Brevik, E.M.1
  • 13
    • 0022549680 scopus 로고
    • Binding of a metabolite of 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl to transthyretin reduces serum vitamin-a transport by inhibiting the formation of the protein complex carrying both retinol and thyroxine
    • Brouwer A., van den Berg K.J. Binding of a metabolite of 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl to transthyretin reduces serum vitamin-a transport by inhibiting the formation of the protein complex carrying both retinol and thyroxine. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1986, 85:301-312.
    • (1986) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , vol.85 , pp. 301-312
    • Brouwer, A.1    van den Berg, K.J.2
  • 15
    • 0031983407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions of persistent environmental organohalogens with the thyroid hormone system: mechanisms and possible consequences for animal and human health
    • Brouwer A., Morse D.C., Lans M.C., Schuur A.G., Murk A.J., Klasson-Wehler E., et al. Interactions of persistent environmental organohalogens with the thyroid hormone system: mechanisms and possible consequences for animal and human health. Toxicol Ind Health 1998, 14:59-84.
    • (1998) Toxicol Ind Health , vol.14 , pp. 59-84
    • Brouwer, A.1    Morse, D.C.2    Lans, M.C.3    Schuur, A.G.4    Murk, A.J.5    Klasson-Wehler, E.6
  • 17
    • 0000945889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of age determination of polar bears by counts of cementum growth layer groups
    • Calvert W., Ramsay M.A. Evaluation of age determination of polar bears by counts of cementum growth layer groups. Ursus 1998, 10:449-453.
    • (1998) Ursus , vol.10 , pp. 449-453
    • Calvert, W.1    Ramsay, M.A.2
  • 19
    • 0032921647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential mechanisms of thyroid disruption in humans: interaction of organochlorine compounds with thyroid receptor, transthyretin, and thyroid-binding globulin
    • Cheek A. Potential mechanisms of thyroid disruption in humans: interaction of organochlorine compounds with thyroid receptor, transthyretin, and thyroid-binding globulin. Environ Health Perspect 1999, 107:273-278.
    • (1999) Environ Health Perspect , vol.107 , pp. 273-278
    • Cheek, A.1
  • 20
    • 77952422561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accuracy and precision in estimation of age of Norwegian Arctic polar bears (Ursus maritimus) using dental cementum layers from known-age individuals
    • Christensen-Dalsgaard S.N., Aars J., Andersen M., Lockyer C., Yoccoz N.G. Accuracy and precision in estimation of age of Norwegian Arctic polar bears (Ursus maritimus) using dental cementum layers from known-age individuals. Polar Biol 2010, 33:589-597.
    • (2010) Polar Biol , vol.33 , pp. 589-597
    • Christensen-Dalsgaard, S.N.1    Aars, J.2    Andersen, M.3    Lockyer, C.4    Yoccoz, N.G.5
  • 21
    • 0027428381 scopus 로고
    • Developmental effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in wildlife and humans
    • Colborn T., Saal F., Soto A. Developmental effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in wildlife and humans. Environ Health Perspect 1993, 101:378-384.
    • (1993) Environ Health Perspect , vol.101 , pp. 378-384
    • Colborn, T.1    Saal, F.2    Soto, A.3
  • 22
    • 33750988769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of constitutive and inducible cytochromes P450 in fetal and newborn rat liver
    • Czekaj P., Wiaderkiewicz A., Wiaderkiewicz R., Palasz A. Expression of constitutive and inducible cytochromes P450 in fetal and newborn rat liver. Pol J Environ Stud 2006, 15:699-708.
    • (2006) Pol J Environ Stud , vol.15 , pp. 699-708
    • Czekaj, P.1    Wiaderkiewicz, A.2    Wiaderkiewicz, R.3    Palasz, A.4
  • 23
    • 0036125320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postnatal growth in body length and mass of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) at Svalbard
    • Derocher A.E., Wiig Ø. Postnatal growth in body length and mass of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) at Svalbard. J Zool 2002, 256:343-349.
    • (2002) J Zool , vol.256 , pp. 343-349
    • Derocher, A.E.1    Wiig, Ø.2
  • 24
    • 0027487705 scopus 로고
    • Aspects of milk-composition and lactation in polar bears
    • Derocher A.E., Andriashek D., Arnould J.P.Y. Aspects of milk-composition and lactation in polar bears. Can J Zool 1993, 71:561-567.
    • (1993) Can J Zool , vol.71 , pp. 561-567
    • Derocher, A.E.1    Andriashek, D.2    Arnould, J.P.Y.3
  • 25
    • 0037213813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contaminants in Svalbard polar bear samples archived since 1967 and possible population level effects
    • Derocher A.E., Wolkers H., Colborn T., Schlabach M., Larsen T.S., Wiig O. Contaminants in Svalbard polar bear samples archived since 1967 and possible population level effects. Sci Total Environ 2003, 301:163-174.
    • (2003) Sci Total Environ , vol.301 , pp. 163-174
    • Derocher, A.E.1    Wolkers, H.2    Colborn, T.3    Schlabach, M.4    Larsen, T.S.5    Wiig, O.6
  • 26
    • 27244432095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual dimorphism of polar bears
    • Derocher A.E., Andersen M., Wiig O. Sexual dimorphism of polar bears. J Mammal 2005, 86:895-901.
    • (2005) J Mammal , vol.86 , pp. 895-901
    • Derocher, A.E.1    Andersen, M.2    Wiig, O.3
  • 27
    • 5044248840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal and temporal trends in polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in East Greenland polar bears (Ursus maritimus), 1990-2001
    • Dietz R., Riget F.F., Sonne C., Letcher R., Born E.W., Muir D.C.G. Seasonal and temporal trends in polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in East Greenland polar bears (Ursus maritimus), 1990-2001. Sci Total Environ 2004, 331:107-124.
    • (2004) Sci Total Environ , vol.331 , pp. 107-124
    • Dietz, R.1    Riget, F.F.2    Sonne, C.3    Letcher, R.4    Born, E.W.5    Muir, D.C.G.6
  • 28
    • 0032815163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, two hydrocarbon-inducible cytochromes P450, are constitutively expressed in neonate and adult goat liver, lung and kidney
    • Eltom S.E., Schwark W.S. CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, two hydrocarbon-inducible cytochromes P450, are constitutively expressed in neonate and adult goat liver, lung and kidney. Pharmacol Toxicol 1999, 85:65-73.
    • (1999) Pharmacol Toxicol , vol.85 , pp. 65-73
    • Eltom, S.E.1    Schwark, W.S.2
  • 29
    • 0021179593 scopus 로고
    • Prenatal exposure to polychlorinated-biphenyls - effects on birth size and gestational age
    • Fein G.G., Jacobson J.L., Jacobson S.W., Schwartz P.M., Dowler J.K. Prenatal exposure to polychlorinated-biphenyls - effects on birth size and gestational age. J Pediatr 1984, 105:315-320.
    • (1984) J Pediatr , vol.105 , pp. 315-320
    • Fein, G.G.1    Jacobson, J.L.2    Jacobson, S.W.3    Schwartz, P.M.4    Dowler, J.K.5
  • 31
    • 80052167173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levels and patterns of hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) and their associations with thyroid hormones in hooded seal (Cystophora cristata) mother-pup pairs
    • Gabrielsen K.M., Villanger G.D., Lie E., Karimi M., Lydersen C., Kovacs K.M., et al. Levels and patterns of hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) and their associations with thyroid hormones in hooded seal (Cystophora cristata) mother-pup pairs. Aquat Toxicol 2011, 105:482-491.
    • (2011) Aquat Toxicol , vol.105 , pp. 482-491
    • Gabrielsen, K.M.1    Villanger, G.D.2    Lie, E.3    Karimi, M.4    Lydersen, C.5    Kovacs, K.M.6
  • 32
    • 12344251006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) exert thyroid hormone-like effects in the fetal rat brain but do not bind to thyroid hormone receptors
    • Gauger K.J., Kato Y., Haraguchi K., Lehmler H.J., Robertson L.W., Bansal R., et al. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) exert thyroid hormone-like effects in the fetal rat brain but do not bind to thyroid hormone receptors. Environ Health Perspect 2004, 112:516-523.
    • (2004) Environ Health Perspect , vol.112 , pp. 516-523
    • Gauger, K.J.1    Kato, Y.2    Haraguchi, K.3    Lehmler, H.J.4    Robertson, L.W.5    Bansal, R.6
  • 33
    • 41349106621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tissue-specific congener composition of organohalogen and metabolite contaminants in East Greenland polar bears (Ursus maritimus)
    • Gebbink W.A., Sonne C., Dietz R., Kirkegaard M., Riget F.F., Born E.W., et al. Tissue-specific congener composition of organohalogen and metabolite contaminants in East Greenland polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Environ Pollut 2008, 152:621-629.
    • (2008) Environ Pollut , vol.152 , pp. 621-629
    • Gebbink, W.A.1    Sonne, C.2    Dietz, R.3    Kirkegaard, M.4    Riget, F.F.5    Born, E.W.6
  • 34
    • 33845424655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental neurotoxicity of industrial chemicals
    • Grandjean P., Landrigan P.J. Developmental neurotoxicity of industrial chemicals. Lancet 2006, 368:2167-2178.
    • (2006) Lancet , vol.368 , pp. 2167-2178
    • Grandjean, P.1    Landrigan, P.J.2
  • 35
    • 33846626491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transplacental transfer of organochlorines in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus)
    • Greig D.J., Ylitalo G.M., Hall A.J., Fauquier D.A., Gulland F.M.D. Transplacental transfer of organochlorines in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). Environ Toxicol Chem 2007, 26:37-44.
    • (2007) Environ Toxicol Chem , vol.26 , pp. 37-44
    • Greig, D.J.1    Ylitalo, G.M.2    Hall, A.J.3    Fauquier, D.A.4    Gulland, F.M.D.5
  • 36
    • 77950922871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro assay shows that PCB metabolites completely saturate thyroid hormone transport capacity in blood of wild polar bears (Ursus maritimus)
    • Gutleb A.C., Cenijn P., van Velzen M., Lie E., Ropstad E., Skaare J.U., et al. In vitro assay shows that PCB metabolites completely saturate thyroid hormone transport capacity in blood of wild polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Environ Sci Technol 2010, 44:3149-3154.
    • (2010) Environ Sci Technol , vol.44 , pp. 3149-3154
    • Gutleb, A.C.1    Cenijn, P.2    van Velzen, M.3    Lie, E.4    Ropstad, E.5    Skaare, J.U.6
  • 37
    • 0041853696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human prenatal and postnatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorobiphenylols, and pentachlorophenol
    • Guvenius D.M., Aronsson A., Ekman-Ordeberg G., Bergman A., Noren K. Human prenatal and postnatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorobiphenylols, and pentachlorophenol. Environ Health Perspect 2003, 111:1235-1241.
    • (2003) Environ Health Perspect , vol.111 , pp. 1235-1241
    • Guvenius, D.M.1    Aronsson, A.2    Ekman-Ordeberg, G.3    Bergman, A.4    Noren, K.5
  • 38
    • 0037738583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polychlorinated biphenyls and reproductive hormones in female polar bears at Svalbard
    • Haave M., Ropstad E., Derocher A.E., Lie E., Dahl E., Wiig O., et al. Polychlorinated biphenyls and reproductive hormones in female polar bears at Svalbard. Environ Health Perspect 2003, 111:431-436.
    • (2003) Environ Health Perspect , vol.111 , pp. 431-436
    • Haave, M.1    Ropstad, E.2    Derocher, A.E.3    Lie, E.4    Dahl, E.5    Wiig, O.6
  • 39
    • 0034784003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring PCBs in polar bears: lessons learned from Svalbard
    • Henriksen E. Monitoring PCBs in polar bears: lessons learned from Svalbard. J Environ Monit 2001, 3:493-498.
    • (2001) J Environ Monit , vol.3 , pp. 493-498
    • Henriksen, E.1
  • 41
    • 33748852243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and climate change: a worst-case combination for arctic marine mammals and seabirds?
    • Jenssen B.M. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and climate change: a worst-case combination for arctic marine mammals and seabirds?. Environ Health Perspect 2006, 114:76-80.
    • (2006) Environ Health Perspect , vol.114 , pp. 76-80
    • Jenssen, B.M.1
  • 42
    • 33847057682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure of perfluorinated chemicals through lactation: levels of matched human milk and serum and a temporal trend, 1996-2004, in Sweden
    • Karrman A., Ericson I., van Bavel B., Darnerud P.O., Aune M., Glynn A., et al. Exposure of perfluorinated chemicals through lactation: levels of matched human milk and serum and a temporal trend, 1996-2004, in Sweden. Environ Health Perspect 2007, 115:226-230.
    • (2007) Environ Health Perspect , vol.115 , pp. 226-230
    • Karrman, A.1    Ericson, I.2    van Bavel, B.3    Darnerud, P.O.4    Aune, M.5    Glynn, A.6
  • 43
    • 17744383558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potent inhibition of estrogen sulfotransferase by hydroxylated PCB metabolites: a novel pathway explaining the estrogenic activity of PCBs
    • Kester M.H.A., Bulduk S., Tibboel D., Meinl W., Glatt H., Falany C.N., et al. Potent inhibition of estrogen sulfotransferase by hydroxylated PCB metabolites: a novel pathway explaining the estrogenic activity of PCBs. Endocrinology 2000, 141:1897-1900.
    • (2000) Endocrinology , vol.141 , pp. 1897-1900
    • Kester, M.H.A.1    Bulduk, S.2    Tibboel, D.3    Meinl, W.4    Glatt, H.5    Falany, C.N.6
  • 44
    • 0027259250 scopus 로고
    • Structure-dependent, competitive interaction of hydroxy-polychlorobiphenyls, hydroxy-dibenzo-p-dioxins and hydroxy-dibenzofurans with human transthyretin
    • Lans M.C., Klasson-Wehler E., Willemsen M., Meussen E., Safe S., Brouwer A. Structure-dependent, competitive interaction of hydroxy-polychlorobiphenyls, hydroxy-dibenzo-p-dioxins and hydroxy-dibenzofurans with human transthyretin. Chem Biol Interact 1993, 88:7-21.
    • (1993) Chem Biol Interact , vol.88 , pp. 7-21
    • Lans, M.C.1    Klasson-Wehler, E.2    Willemsen, M.3    Meussen, E.4    Safe, S.5    Brouwer, A.6
  • 45
    • 0028180008 scopus 로고
    • Different competition of thyroxine-binding to transthyretin and thyroxine-binding globulin by hydroxy-PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs
    • Lans M.C., Spiertz C., Brouwer A., Koeman J.H. Different competition of thyroxine-binding to transthyretin and thyroxine-binding globulin by hydroxy-PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs. Eur J Pharmacol - Environ Toxicol Pharmacol Sect 1994, 270:129-136.
    • (1994) Eur J Pharmacol - Environ Toxicol Pharmacol Sect , vol.270 , pp. 129-136
    • Lans, M.C.1    Spiertz, C.2    Brouwer, A.3    Koeman, J.H.4
  • 46
    • 0029877141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunoquantitation and microsomal monooxygenase activities of hepatic cytochromes P4501A and p4502B and chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminant levels in polar bear (Ursus maritimus)
    • Letcher R.J., Norstrom R.J., Lin S., Ramsay M.A., Bandiera S.M. Immunoquantitation and microsomal monooxygenase activities of hepatic cytochromes P4501A and p4502B and chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminant levels in polar bear (Ursus maritimus). Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1996, 137:127-140.
    • (1996) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , vol.137 , pp. 127-140
    • Letcher, R.J.1    Norstrom, R.J.2    Lin, S.3    Ramsay, M.A.4    Bandiera, S.M.5
  • 47
    • 0001399903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chap. 11: methyl sulfone and hydroxylated metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls
    • Springer -Verlag, Berlin, Part K, J. Paasivirta (Ed.)
    • Letcher R.J., Klasson-Wehler E., Bergman Å. Chap. 11: methyl sulfone and hydroxylated metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls. The handbook of environmental chemistry 2000, Vol. 3. Springer -Verlag, Berlin, Part K. J. Paasivirta (Ed.).
    • (2000) The handbook of environmental chemistry , vol.3
    • Letcher, R.J.1    Klasson-Wehler, E.2    Bergman, Å.3
  • 48
    • 77952499198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure and effects assessment of persistent organohalogen contaminants in Arctic wildlife and fish
    • Letcher R.J., Bustnes J.O., Dietz R., Jenssen B.M., Jorgensen E.H., Sonne C., et al. Exposure and effects assessment of persistent organohalogen contaminants in Arctic wildlife and fish. Sci Total Environ 2010, 408:2995-3043.
    • (2010) Sci Total Environ , vol.408 , pp. 2995-3043
    • Letcher, R.J.1    Bustnes, J.O.2    Dietz, R.3    Jenssen, B.M.4    Jorgensen, E.H.5    Sonne, C.6
  • 49
    • 1642441623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does high organochlorine (OC) exposure impair the resistance to infection in polar bears (Ursus maritimus)? Part I: effect of OCs on the humoral immunity
    • Lie E., Larsen H.J.S., Larsen S., Johnsen G.M., Derocher A.E., Lunn N.J., et al. Does high organochlorine (OC) exposure impair the resistance to infection in polar bears (Ursus maritimus)? Part I: effect of OCs on the humoral immunity. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2004, 67:555-582.
    • (2004) J Toxicol Environ Health A , vol.67 , pp. 555-582
    • Lie, E.1    Larsen, H.J.S.2    Larsen, S.3    Johnsen, G.M.4    Derocher, A.E.5    Lunn, N.J.6
  • 50
    • 13844267020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does high organochlorine (OC) exposure impair the resistance to infection in polar bears (Ursus maritimus)? Part II: possible effect of OCs on mitogen- and antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation
    • Lie E., Larsen H.J.S., Larsen S., Johansen G.M., Derocher A.E., Lunn N.J., et al. Does high organochlorine (OC) exposure impair the resistance to infection in polar bears (Ursus maritimus)? Part II: possible effect of OCs on mitogen- and antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2005, 68:457-484.
    • (2005) J Toxicol Environ Health A , vol.68 , pp. 457-484
    • Lie, E.1    Larsen, H.J.S.2    Larsen, S.3    Johansen, G.M.4    Derocher, A.E.5    Lunn, N.J.6
  • 51
    • 80755163972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extension of a multicomponent method to include the determination of OH-PCBs and OH-PBDEs in biological matrices
    • Løken K.B., Lie E., Lundanes E., Skaare J.U. Extension of a multicomponent method to include the determination of OH-PCBs and OH-PBDEs in biological matrices. Organohalogen Compd 2006, 68:2430-2433.
    • (2006) Organohalogen Compd , vol.68 , pp. 2430-2433
    • Løken, K.B.1    Lie, E.2    Lundanes, E.3    Skaare, J.U.4
  • 53
    • 0242363214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication by noncoplanar polychlorinated biphenyls: inhibitory potencies and screening for potential mode(s) of action
    • Machala M., Blaha L., Vondracek J., Trosko J.E., Scott J., Upham B.L. Inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication by noncoplanar polychlorinated biphenyls: inhibitory potencies and screening for potential mode(s) of action. Toxicol Sci 2003, 76:102-111.
    • (2003) Toxicol Sci , vol.76 , pp. 102-111
    • Machala, M.1    Blaha, L.2    Vondracek, J.3    Trosko, J.E.4    Scott, J.5    Upham, B.L.6
  • 54
    • 12144285601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicity of hydroxylated and quinoid PCB metabolites: inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication and activation of aryl hydrocarbon and estrogen receptors in hepatic and mammary cells
    • Machala M., Blaha L., Lehmler H.J., Pliskova M., Majkova Z., Kapplova P., et al. Toxicity of hydroxylated and quinoid PCB metabolites: inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication and activation of aryl hydrocarbon and estrogen receptors in hepatic and mammary cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2004, 17:340-347.
    • (2004) Chem Res Toxicol , vol.17 , pp. 340-347
    • Machala, M.1    Blaha, L.2    Lehmler, H.J.3    Pliskova, M.4    Majkova, Z.5    Kapplova, P.6
  • 55
    • 38749125553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of thyroid hormone concentrations with levels of organochlorine compounds in cord blood of neonates
    • Maervoet J., Vermeir G., Covaci A., Van Larebeke N., Koppen G., Schoeters G., et al. Association of thyroid hormone concentrations with levels of organochlorine compounds in cord blood of neonates. Environ Health Perspect 2007, 115:1780-1786.
    • (2007) Environ Health Perspect , vol.115 , pp. 1780-1786
    • Maervoet, J.1    Vermeir, G.2    Covaci, A.3    Van Larebeke, N.4    Koppen, G.5    Schoeters, G.6
  • 56
    • 77958113230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of diet on long-term concentration and pattern trends of brominated and chlorinated contaminants in western Hudson Bay polar bears, 1991-2007
    • McKinney M.A., Stirling I., Lunn N.J., Peacock E., Letcher R.J. The role of diet on long-term concentration and pattern trends of brominated and chlorinated contaminants in western Hudson Bay polar bears, 1991-2007. Sci Total Environ 2010, 408:6210-6222.
    • (2010) Sci Total Environ , vol.408 , pp. 6210-6222
    • McKinney, M.A.1    Stirling, I.2    Lunn, N.J.3    Peacock, E.4    Letcher, R.J.5
  • 57
    • 78751632282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flame retardants and legacy contaminants in polar bears from Alaska, Canada, East Greenland and Svalbard, 2005-2008
    • McKinney M.A., Letcher R.J., Aars J., Born E.W., Branigan M., Dietz R., et al. Flame retardants and legacy contaminants in polar bears from Alaska, Canada, East Greenland and Svalbard, 2005-2008. Environ Int 2011, 37:365-374.
    • (2011) Environ Int , vol.37 , pp. 365-374
    • McKinney, M.A.1    Letcher, R.J.2    Aars, J.3    Born, E.W.4    Branigan, M.5    Dietz, R.6
  • 58
    • 8444222814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental exposure to 4-hydroxy-2,3,3 ',4 ',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (4-OH-CB107): long-term effects on brain development, behavior, and brain stem auditory evoked potentials in rats
    • Meerts I., Lilienthal H., Hoving S., van den Berg J.H.J., Weijers B.M., Bergman A., et al. Developmental exposure to 4-hydroxy-2,3,3 ',4 ',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (4-OH-CB107): long-term effects on brain development, behavior, and brain stem auditory evoked potentials in rats. Toxicol Sci 2004, 82:207-218.
    • (2004) Toxicol Sci , vol.82 , pp. 207-218
    • Meerts, I.1    Lilienthal, H.2    Hoving, S.3    van den Berg, J.H.J.4    Weijers, B.M.5    Bergman, A.6
  • 59
    • 0036756604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences between children and adults: implications for risk assessment at california EPA
    • Miller M.D., Marty M.A., Arcus A., Brown J., Morry D., Sandy M. Differences between children and adults: implications for risk assessment at california EPA. Int J Toxicol 2002, 21:403-418.
    • (2002) Int J Toxicol , vol.21 , pp. 403-418
    • Miller, M.D.1    Marty, M.A.2    Arcus, A.3    Brown, J.4    Morry, D.5    Sandy, M.6
  • 61
    • 0025822463 scopus 로고
    • Determinants of energy, protein, lipid, and lactose concentrations in human-milk during the 1st 12 months of lactation - the Darling study
    • Nommsen L.A., Lovelady C.A., Heinig M.J., Lonnerdal B., Dewey K.G. Determinants of energy, protein, lipid, and lactose concentrations in human-milk during the 1st 12 months of lactation - the Darling study. Am J Clin Nutr 1991, 53:457-465.
    • (1991) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.53 , pp. 457-465
    • Nommsen, L.A.1    Lovelady, C.A.2    Heinig, M.J.3    Lonnerdal, B.4    Dewey, K.G.5
  • 62
    • 0028102337 scopus 로고
    • Chlorinated-hydrocarbon contaminants in Arctic marine mammals
    • Norstrom R.J., Muir D.C.G. Chlorinated-hydrocarbon contaminants in Arctic marine mammals. Sci Total Environ 1994, 154:107-128.
    • (1994) Sci Total Environ , vol.154 , pp. 107-128
    • Norstrom, R.J.1    Muir, D.C.G.2
  • 63
    • 0024200424 scopus 로고
    • Organochlorine contaminants in Arctic marine food-chains - identification, geographical distribution, and temporal trends in polar bears
    • Norstrom R.J., Simon M., Muir D.C.G., Schweinsburg R.E. Organochlorine contaminants in Arctic marine food-chains - identification, geographical distribution, and temporal trends in polar bears. Environ Sci Technol 1988, 22:1063-1071.
    • (1988) Environ Sci Technol , vol.22 , pp. 1063-1071
    • Norstrom, R.J.1    Simon, M.2    Muir, D.C.G.3    Schweinsburg, R.E.4
  • 64
    • 0031818662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants in polar bears from eastern Russia, North America, Greenland, and Svalbard: biomonitoring of Arctic pollution
    • Norstrom R.J., Belikov S.E., Born E.W., Garner G.W., Malone B., Olpinski S., et al. Chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants in polar bears from eastern Russia, North America, Greenland, and Svalbard: biomonitoring of Arctic pollution. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1998, 35:354-367.
    • (1998) Arch Environ Contam Toxicol , vol.35 , pp. 354-367
    • Norstrom, R.J.1    Belikov, S.E.2    Born, E.W.3    Garner, G.W.4    Malone, B.5    Olpinski, S.6
  • 65
    • 0242543424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Space-use strategy is an important determinant of PCB concentrations in female polar bears in the barents sea
    • Olsen G.H., Mauritzen M., Derocher A.E., Sormo E.G., Skaare J.U., Wiig O., et al. Space-use strategy is an important determinant of PCB concentrations in female polar bears in the barents sea. Environ Sci Technol 2003, 37:4919-4924.
    • (2003) Environ Sci Technol , vol.37 , pp. 4919-4924
    • Olsen, G.H.1    Mauritzen, M.2    Derocher, A.E.3    Sormo, E.G.4    Skaare, J.U.5    Wiig, O.6
  • 66
    • 0242468871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organochlorines affect the major androgenic hormone, testosterone, in male polar bears (Ursus maritimus) at Svalbard
    • Oskam I.C., Ropstad E., Dahl E., Lie E., Derocher A.E., Wiig O., et al. Organochlorines affect the major androgenic hormone, testosterone, in male polar bears (Ursus maritimus) at Svalbard. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2003, 66:2119-2139.
    • (2003) J Toxicol Environ Health A , vol.66 , pp. 2119-2139
    • Oskam, I.C.1    Ropstad, E.2    Dahl, E.3    Lie, E.4    Derocher, A.E.5    Wiig, O.6
  • 67
    • 2942586692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organochlorines affect the steroid hormone cortisol in free-ranging polar bears (Ursus maritimus) at Svalbard, Norway
    • Oskam I.C., Ropstad E., Lie E., Derocher A.E., Wiig O., Dahl E., et al. Organochlorines affect the steroid hormone cortisol in free-ranging polar bears (Ursus maritimus) at Svalbard, Norway. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2004, 67:959-977.
    • (2004) J Toxicol Environ Health A , vol.67 , pp. 959-977
    • Oskam, I.C.1    Ropstad, E.2    Lie, E.3    Derocher, A.E.4    Wiig, O.5    Dahl, E.6
  • 68
    • 38349132700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Placental transfer of polychlorinated biphenyls, their hydroxylated metabolites and pentachlorophenol in pregnant women from eastern Slovakia
    • Park J.S., Bergman A., Linderholm L., Athanasiadou M., Kocan A., Petrik J., et al. Placental transfer of polychlorinated biphenyls, their hydroxylated metabolites and pentachlorophenol in pregnant women from eastern Slovakia. Chemosphere 2008, 70:1676-1684.
    • (2008) Chemosphere , vol.70 , pp. 1676-1684
    • Park, J.S.1    Bergman, A.2    Linderholm, L.3    Athanasiadou, M.4    Kocan, A.5    Petrik, J.6
  • 69
    • 67349134846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) in the prenatal period and subsequent neurodevelopment in eastern Slovakia
    • Park H.Y., Park J.S., Sovcikova E.J., Kocan A., Linderholm L., Bergman A., et al. Exposure to hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) in the prenatal period and subsequent neurodevelopment in eastern Slovakia. Environ Health Perspect 2009, 117:1600-1606.
    • (2009) Environ Health Perspect , vol.117 , pp. 1600-1606
    • Park, H.Y.1    Park, J.S.2    Sovcikova, E.J.3    Kocan, A.4    Linderholm, L.5    Bergman, A.6
  • 70
    • 0027244233 scopus 로고
    • Developmental and reproductive toxicity of dioxins and related compouds - cross-species comparisons
    • Peterson R.E., Theobald H.M., Kimmel G.L. Developmental and reproductive toxicity of dioxins and related compouds - cross-species comparisons. Crit Rev Toxicol 1993, 23:283-335.
    • (1993) Crit Rev Toxicol , vol.23 , pp. 283-335
    • Peterson, R.E.1    Theobald, H.M.2    Kimmel, G.L.3
  • 71
    • 0028977113 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary-results of fasting on the kinetics of organochlorines in polar bears (Ursus maritimus)
    • Polischuk S.C., Letcher R.J., Norstrom R.J., Ramsay M.A. Preliminary-results of fasting on the kinetics of organochlorines in polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Sci Total Environ 1995, 161:465-472.
    • (1995) Sci Total Environ , vol.161 , pp. 465-472
    • Polischuk, S.C.1    Letcher, R.J.2    Norstrom, R.J.3    Ramsay, M.A.4
  • 72
    • 0036164641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body burdens and tissue concentrations of organochlorines in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) vary during seasonal fasts
    • Polischuk S.C., Norstrom R.J., Ramsay M.A. Body burdens and tissue concentrations of organochlorines in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) vary during seasonal fasts. Environ Pollut 2002, 118:29-39.
    • (2002) Environ Pollut , vol.118 , pp. 29-39
    • Polischuk, S.C.1    Norstrom, R.J.2    Ramsay, M.A.3
  • 73
    • 16244387963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the actions of 4-chlorobiphenyl and its hydroxylated metabolites on estradiol secretion by ovarian follicles in primary cells in culture
    • Ptak A., Ludewig G., Lehmler H.J., Wojtowicz A.K., Robertson L.W., Gregoraszczuk E.L. Comparison of the actions of 4-chlorobiphenyl and its hydroxylated metabolites on estradiol secretion by ovarian follicles in primary cells in culture. Reprod Toxicol 2005, 20:57-64.
    • (2005) Reprod Toxicol , vol.20 , pp. 57-64
    • Ptak, A.1    Ludewig, G.2    Lehmler, H.J.3    Wojtowicz, A.K.4    Robertson, L.W.5    Gregoraszczuk, E.L.6
  • 74
    • 0022916441 scopus 로고
    • Structural specific interaction of halogenated dioxin and biphenyl derivates with iodothyrenine-5'-deiodinase in rat liver
    • Rickenbacher U., McKinney J.D., Oatley S.J., Blake C.C.F. Structural specific interaction of halogenated dioxin and biphenyl derivates with iodothyrenine-5'-deiodinase in rat liver. J Med Chem 1986, 29:641-648.
    • (1986) J Med Chem , vol.29 , pp. 641-648
    • Rickenbacher, U.1    McKinney, J.D.2    Oatley, S.J.3    Blake, C.C.F.4
  • 75
    • 57449093165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biotransformation of PCBs in relation to phase i and ii xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme activities in ringed seals (Phoca hispida) from Svalbard and the Baltic Sea
    • Routti H., Letcher R.J., Arukwe A., van Bavel B., Yoccoz N.G., Chu S.G., et al. Biotransformation of PCBs in relation to phase i and ii xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme activities in ringed seals (Phoca hispida) from Svalbard and the Baltic Sea. Environ Sci Technol 2008, 42:8952-8958.
    • (2008) Environ Sci Technol , vol.42 , pp. 8952-8958
    • Routti, H.1    Letcher, R.J.2    Arukwe, A.3    van Bavel, B.4    Yoccoz, N.G.5    Chu, S.G.6
  • 76
    • 73749087375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal exposure to organohalogens, including brominated flame retardants, influences motor, cognitive, and behavioral performance at school age
    • Roze E., Meijer L., Bakker A., Van Braeckel K., Sauer P.J.J., Bos A.F. Prenatal exposure to organohalogens, including brominated flame retardants, influences motor, cognitive, and behavioral performance at school age. Environ Health Perspect 2009, 117:1953-1958.
    • (2009) Environ Health Perspect , vol.117 , pp. 1953-1958
    • Roze, E.1    Meijer, L.2    Bakker, A.3    Van Braeckel, K.4    Sauer, P.J.J.5    Bos, A.F.6
  • 77
    • 0029842807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary intake of fish contaminated with persistent organochlorine compounds in relation to low birthweight
    • Rylander L., Stromberg U., Hagmar L. Dietary intake of fish contaminated with persistent organochlorine compounds in relation to low birthweight. Scand J Work Environ Health 1996, 22:260-266.
    • (1996) Scand J Work Environ Health , vol.22 , pp. 260-266
    • Rylander, L.1    Stromberg, U.2    Hagmar, L.3
  • 78
    • 0028235721 scopus 로고
    • Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) - envionmental impact, biochemical and toxic responses, and implications for risk assessment
    • Safe S.H. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) - envionmental impact, biochemical and toxic responses, and implications for risk assessment. Crit Rev Toxicol 1994, 24:87-149.
    • (1994) Crit Rev Toxicol , vol.24 , pp. 87-149
    • Safe, S.H.1
  • 79
    • 5044240759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydroxylated and methyl sulfone PCB metabolites in adipose and whole blood of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) from East Greenland
    • Sandala G.M., Sonne C., Dietz R., Muir D.C.G., Valters K., Bennett E.R., et al. Hydroxylated and methyl sulfone PCB metabolites in adipose and whole blood of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) from East Greenland. Sci Total Environ 2004, 331:125-141.
    • (2004) Sci Total Environ , vol.331 , pp. 125-141
    • Sandala, G.M.1    Sonne, C.2    Dietz, R.3    Muir, D.C.G.4    Valters, K.5    Bennett, E.R.6
  • 80
    • 84857032122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analytical Chemistry of Hydroxylated Metabolites of PCBs and Other Halogenated Phenolic Compounds in Blood and their Relationship to Thyroid Hormone and Retinol Homeostasis in Humans and Polar Bears. Ph.D. Dissertation. Carleton University. Ottawa
    • Sandau CD. Analytical Chemistry of Hydroxylated Metabolites of PCBs and Other Halogenated Phenolic Compounds in Blood and their Relationship to Thyroid Hormone and Retinol Homeostasis in Humans and Polar Bears. Ph.D. Dissertation. Carleton University. Ottawa, 2000.
    • (2000)
    • Sandau, C.D.1
  • 81
    • 0034665869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of 4-hydroxyheptachlorostyrene in polar bear plasma and its binding affinity to transthyretin: a metabolite of octachlorostyrene?
    • Sandau C.D., Meerts I.A.T.M., Letcher R.J., McAlees A.J., Chittim B., Brouwer A., et al. Identification of 4-hydroxyheptachlorostyrene in polar bear plasma and its binding affinity to transthyretin: a metabolite of octachlorostyrene?. Environ Sci Technol 2000, 34:3871-3877.
    • (2000) Environ Sci Technol , vol.34 , pp. 3871-3877
    • Sandau, C.D.1    Meerts, I.A.T.M.2    Letcher, R.J.3    McAlees, A.J.4    Chittim, B.5    Brouwer, A.6
  • 82
    • 0036230329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pentachlorophenol and hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyl metabolites in umbilical cord plasma of neonates from coastal populations in Quebec
    • Sandau C., Ayotte P., Dewailly E., Duffe J., Norstrom R. Pentachlorophenol and hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyl metabolites in umbilical cord plasma of neonates from coastal populations in Quebec. Environ Health Perspect 2002, 110:411-417.
    • (2002) Environ Health Perspect , vol.110 , pp. 411-417
    • Sandau, C.1    Ayotte, P.2    Dewailly, E.3    Duffe, J.4    Norstrom, R.5
  • 83
    • 0037352430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of PCB exposure on neuropsychological function in children
    • Schantz S.L., Widholm J.J., Rice D.C. Effects of PCB exposure on neuropsychological function in children. Environ Health Perspect 2003, 111:357-376.
    • (2003) Environ Health Perspect , vol.111 , pp. 357-376
    • Schantz, S.L.1    Widholm, J.J.2    Rice, D.C.3
  • 84
    • 0032549058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of thyroid hormone sulfation by hydroxylated metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls
    • Schuur A.G., Brouwer A., Bergman A., Coughtrie M.W.H., Visser T.J. Inhibition of thyroid hormone sulfation by hydroxylated metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls. Chem Biol Interact 1998, 109:293-297.
    • (1998) Chem Biol Interact , vol.109 , pp. 293-297
    • Schuur, A.G.1    Brouwer, A.2    Bergman, A.3    Coughtrie, M.W.H.4    Visser, T.J.5
  • 85
    • 0032865121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of pentachlorophenol and hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls on thyroid hormone conjugation in a rat and a human hepatoma cell line
    • Schuur A.G., Bergman A., Brouwer A., Visser T.J. Effects of pentachlorophenol and hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls on thyroid hormone conjugation in a rat and a human hepatoma cell line. Toxicol In Vitro 1999, 13:417-425.
    • (1999) Toxicol In Vitro , vol.13 , pp. 417-425
    • Schuur, A.G.1    Bergman, A.2    Brouwer, A.3    Visser, T.J.4
  • 86
    • 0033675741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of the consumption of fatty Baltic Sea fish on plasma levels of halogenated environmental contaminants in Latvian and Swedish men
    • Sjödin A., Hagmar L., Klasson-Wehler E., Bjork J., Bergman A. Influence of the consumption of fatty Baltic Sea fish on plasma levels of halogenated environmental contaminants in Latvian and Swedish men. Environ Health Perspect 2000, 108:1035-1041.
    • (2000) Environ Health Perspect , vol.108 , pp. 1035-1041
    • Sjödin, A.1    Hagmar, L.2    Klasson-Wehler, E.3    Bjork, J.4    Bergman, A.5
  • 87
    • 0035936811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between plasma levels of organochlorines, retinol and thyroid hormones from polar bears (Ursus maritimus) at Svalbard
    • Skaare J.U., Bernhoft A., Wiig O., Norum K.R., Haug E., Eide D.M., et al. Relationships between plasma levels of organochlorines, retinol and thyroid hormones from polar bears (Ursus maritimus) at Svalbard. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2001, 62:227-241.
    • (2001) J Toxicol Environ Health A , vol.62 , pp. 227-241
    • Skaare, J.U.1    Bernhoft, A.2    Wiig, O.3    Norum, K.R.4    Haug, E.5    Eide, D.M.6
  • 88
    • 77951771879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health effects from long-range transported contaminants in Arctic top predators: an integrated review based on studies of polar bears and relevant model species
    • Sonne C. Health effects from long-range transported contaminants in Arctic top predators: an integrated review based on studies of polar bears and relevant model species. Environ Int 2010, 36:461-491.
    • (2010) Environ Int , vol.36 , pp. 461-491
    • Sonne, C.1
  • 90
    • 0141446018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in Baltic and Atlantic gray seal (Halichoerus grypus) pups
    • Sørmo E.G., Skaare J.U., Jussi I., Jussi M., Jenssen B.M. Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in Baltic and Atlantic gray seal (Halichoerus grypus) pups. Environ Toxicol Chem 2003, 22:2789-2799.
    • (2003) Environ Toxicol Chem , vol.22 , pp. 2789-2799
    • Sørmo, E.G.1    Skaare, J.U.2    Jussi, I.3    Jussi, M.4    Jenssen, B.M.5
  • 91
    • 0024651812 scopus 로고
    • Immobilization of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) with telazol in the Canadian Arctic
    • Stirling I., Spencer C., Andriashek D. Immobilization of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) with telazol in the Canadian Arctic. J Wildl Dis 1989, 25:159-168.
    • (1989) J Wildl Dis , vol.25 , pp. 159-168
    • Stirling, I.1    Spencer, C.2    Andriashek, D.3
  • 92
    • 0036651798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma biochemical values from apparently healthy free-ranging polar bears from Svalbard
    • Tryland M., Brun E., Derocher A.E., Arnemo J.M., Kierulf P., Olberg R.A., et al. Plasma biochemical values from apparently healthy free-ranging polar bears from Svalbard. J Wildl Dis 2002, 38:566-575.
    • (2002) J Wildl Dis , vol.38 , pp. 566-575
    • Tryland, M.1    Brun, E.2    Derocher, A.E.3    Arnemo, J.M.4    Kierulf, P.5    Olberg, R.A.6
  • 93
    • 2942557191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): a systematic review of experimental data
    • Ulbrich B., Stahlmann R. Developmental toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): a systematic review of experimental data. Arch Toxicol 2004, 78:252-268.
    • (2004) Arch Toxicol , vol.78 , pp. 252-268
    • Ulbrich, B.1    Stahlmann, R.2
  • 94
    • 0024994603 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of chlorinated phenols with thyroxine binding sites of human transthyretin, albumin and thyroid binding globulin
    • van den Berg K.J. Interaction of chlorinated phenols with thyroxine binding sites of human transthyretin, albumin and thyroid binding globulin. Chem Biol Interact 1990, 76:63-75.
    • (1990) Chem Biol Interact , vol.76 , pp. 63-75
    • van den Berg, K.J.1
  • 95
    • 23844543963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants and metabolites in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from Alaska, Canada, East Greenland, and Svalbard: 1996-2002
    • Verreault J., Muir D.C.G., Norstrom R.J., Stirling I., Fisk A.T., Gabrielsen G.W., et al. Chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants and metabolites in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from Alaska, Canada, East Greenland, and Svalbard: 1996-2002. Sci Total Environ 2005, 351:369-390.
    • (2005) Sci Total Environ , vol.351 , pp. 369-390
    • Verreault, J.1    Muir, D.C.G.2    Norstrom, R.J.3    Stirling, I.4    Fisk, A.T.5    Gabrielsen, G.W.6
  • 96
    • 23844446082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flame retardants and methoxylated and hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers in two Norwegian Arctic top predators: glaucous gulls and polar bears
    • Verreault J., Gabrielsen G.V., Chu S.G., Muir D.C.G., Andersen M., Hamaed A., et al. Flame retardants and methoxylated and hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers in two Norwegian Arctic top predators: glaucous gulls and polar bears. Environ Sci Technol 2005, 39:6021-6028.
    • (2005) Environ Sci Technol , vol.39 , pp. 6021-6028
    • Verreault, J.1    Gabrielsen, G.V.2    Chu, S.G.3    Muir, D.C.G.4    Andersen, M.5    Hamaed, A.6
  • 100
    • 0021242306 scopus 로고
    • Rate of decrease and half-life of polychlorinated-biphenyls (PCBs) in the blood of mothers and their children occupationally exposed to PCBs
    • Yakushiji T., Watanabe I., Kuwabara K., Tanaka R., Kashimoto T., Kunita N., et al. Rate of decrease and half-life of polychlorinated-biphenyls (PCBs) in the blood of mothers and their children occupationally exposed to PCBs. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1984, 13:341-345.
    • (1984) Arch Environ Contam Toxicol , vol.13 , pp. 341-345
    • Yakushiji, T.1    Watanabe, I.2    Kuwabara, K.3    Tanaka, R.4    Kashimoto, T.5    Kunita, N.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.