메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 26, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 229-244

GABA A receptor physiology and its relationship to the mechanism of action of the 1,5-Benzodiazepine clobazam

Author keywords

Antiepileptic drugs; Anxiety; Anxiolytics; Clobazam; Epilepsy; GABA A receptor agonists; Lennox Gastaut syndrome.

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID A RECEPTOR; 4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID A RECEPTOR ALPHA1; 4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID A RECEPTOR ALPHA2; 4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID A RECEPTOR ALPHA5; 4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID A RECEPTOR BETA3; AMOBARBITAL; BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; BROMAZEPAM; BUSPIRONE; CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE; CLOBAZAM; CLONAZEPAM; CLORAZEPATE; CYTOCHROME P450; DIAZEPAM; DRUG METABOLITE; ESTAZOLAM; FLURAZEPAM; LORAZEPAM; MIDAZOLAM; NITRAZEPAM; NORCLOBAZAM; OXAZEPAM; PRAZEPAM; RECEPTOR SUBTYPE; RECOMBINANT RECEPTOR; TEMAZEPAM; TRIAZOLAM;

EID: 84856905846     PISSN: 11727047     EISSN: 11791934     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/11599020-000000000-00000     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (97)

References (87)
  • 1
    • 33846194260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clobazam
    • DOI 10.1016/j.nurt.2006.11.002, PII S1933721306001814, New Antiepileptic Drugs: Discovery, Development, and Update
    • Ng YT, Collins SD. Clobazam. Neurotherapeutics 2007; 4 (1): 138-44 (Pubitemid 46107321)
    • (2007) Neurotherapeutics , vol.4 , Issue.1 , pp. 138-144
    • Ng, Y.-t.1    Collins, S.D.2
  • 3
    • 0018142477 scopus 로고
    • Exceptional and unrecognized antiepileptic properties of a commercial anxiolytic: Clobazam
    • Gastaut H. Exceptional and unrecognized antiepileptic properties of a commercial anxiolytic: clobazam. Concours Med 1978; 100: 3697-701
    • (1978) Concours Med , vol.100 , pp. 3697-701
    • Gastaut, H.1
  • 4
    • 0018365803 scopus 로고
    • Antiepileptic properties of clobazam, a 1-5 benzodiazepine, in man
    • Gastaut H, Low MD. Antiepileptic properties of clobazam, a 1-5 benzodiazepine, in man. Epilepsia 1979; 20 (4): 437-46 (Pubitemid 9208031)
    • (1979) Epilepsia , vol.20 , Issue.4 , pp. 437-446
    • Gastaut, H.1    Low, M.D.2
  • 5
    • 65549123702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clobazam in the treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
    • Conry JA, Ng YT, Paolicchi JM, et al. Clobazam in the treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Epilepsia 2009; 50 (5): 1158-66
    • (2009) Epilepsia , vol.50 , Issue.5 , pp. 1158-1166
    • Conry, J.A.1    Ng, Y.T.2    Paolicchi, J.M.3
  • 6
    • 82955235708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized phase III study results of clobazam in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
    • Ng YT, Conry JA, Drummond R, et al. Randomized, phase III study results of clobazam in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Neurology 2011; 77 (15): 1473-81
    • (2011) Neurology , vol.77 , Issue.15 , pp. 1473-1481
    • Ng, Y.T.1    Conry, J.A.2    Drummond, R.3
  • 7
    • 17144474677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clobazam has equivalent efficacy to carbamazepine and phenytoin as monotherapy for childhood epilepsy
    • Canadian Study Group for Childhood Epilepsy
    • Canadian Study Group for Childhood Epilepsy. Clobazam has equivalent efficacy to carbamazepine and phenytoin as monotherapy for childhood epilepsy. Epilepsia 1998; 39 (9): 952-9
    • (1998) Epilepsia , vol.39 , Issue.9 , pp. 952-959
  • 8
    • 0034638786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stiripentol in severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy: A randomised placebocontrolled syndrome-dedicated trial. STICLO study group
    • Chiron C, Marchand MC, Tran A, et al. Stiripentol in severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy: a randomised placebocontrolled syndrome-dedicated trial. STICLO study group. Lancet 2000; 356 (9242): 1638-42
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.356 , Issue.9242 , pp. 1638-1642
    • Chiron, C.1    Marchand, M.C.2    Tran, A.3
  • 10
    • 0003845629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Hospital Formulary Service Bethesda (MD): American Society of Healthsystem Pharmacists
    • American Hospital Formulary Service. AHFS drug information 2009. Bethesda (MD): American Society of Healthsystem Pharmacists, 2009
    • (2009) AHFS Drug Information 2009
  • 12
    • 79959690009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Library of Medicine [online]. Available from URL: [Accessed 2011 Jun 16]
    • National Library of Medicine. Daily med current medication information [online]. Available from URL: http://dailymed. nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/about.cfm [Accessed 2011 Jun 16]
    • Daily Med Current Medication Information
  • 13
    • 85015298999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Library of Medicine. [online]. Available from URL: [Accessed 2011 Jun 15]
    • National Library of Medicine. Drug information portal [online]. Available from URL: http://druginfo.nlm.nih.gov/drugportal/drugportal.jsp [Accessed 2011 Jun 15]
    • Drug Information Portal
  • 14
    • 0019813881 scopus 로고
    • Clinical pharmacokinetics of nitrazepam
    • Kangas L, Breimer DD. Clinical pharmacokinetics of nitrazepam. Clin Pharmacokinet 1981; 6 (5): 346-66 (Pubitemid 12198388)
    • (1981) Clinical Pharmacokinetics , vol.6 , Issue.5 , pp. 346-366
    • Kangas, L.1    Breimer, D.D.2
  • 17
    • 3843122315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Issues in the clinical use of benzodiazepines: Potency, withdrawal, and rebound
    • Chouinard G. Issues in the clinical use of benzodiazepines: potency, withdrawal, and rebound. J Clin Psychiatry 2004; 65 Suppl. 5: 7-12
    • (2004) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.65 , Issue.SUPPL. 5 , pp. 7-12
    • Chouinard, G.1
  • 18
    • 1042291095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive Effects of Long-Term Benzodiazepine Use: A Meta-Analysis
    • DOI 10.2165/00023210-200418010-00004
    • Barker MJ, Greenwood KM, Jackson M, et al. Cognitive effects of long-term benzodiazepine use: a meta-analysis. CNS Drugs 2004; 18 (1): 37-48 (Pubitemid 38197758)
    • (2004) CNS Drugs , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 37-48
    • Barker, M.J.1    Greenwood, K.M.2    Jackson, M.3    Crowe, S.F.4
  • 19
    • 14844300973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of benzodiazepines on cognition
    • Stewart SA. The effects of benzodiazepines on cognition. J Clin Psychiatry 2005; 66 Suppl. 2: 9-13 (Pubitemid 40343675)
    • (2005) Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , vol.66 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 9-13
    • Stewart, S.A.1
  • 20
    • 0015619641 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological and toxicological properties of clobazam(1-phenyl-5- methyl-8-chloro-1, 2, 4,5-tetrahydro-2,4-diketo-3H-1,5-benzodiazepine), a new psychotherapeutic agent
    • Barzaghi F, Fournex R, Mantegazza P. Pharmacological and toxicological properties of clobazam(1-phenyl-5-methyl-8-chloro-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-2,4-diketo- 3H-1,5-benzodiazepine), a new psychotherapeutic agent. Arzneimittelforschung 1973; 23 (5): 683-6
    • (1973) Arzneimittelforschung , vol.23 , Issue.5 , pp. 683-686
    • Barzaghi, F.1    Fournex, R.2    Mantegazza, P.3
  • 21
    • 0018371838 scopus 로고
    • Clobazam: Chemical aspects of the 1,4 and 1,5-benzodiazepines
    • Kuch H. Clobazam: chemical aspects of the 1,4 and 1,5-benzodiazepines. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1979; 7 Suppl. 1: 17S-21S (Pubitemid 9142683)
    • (1979) British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology , vol.7 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Kuch, H.1
  • 22
    • 0018383221 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of single and multiple doses of clobazam in humans
    • Rupp W, Badian M, Christ O, et al. Pharmacokinetics of single and multiple doses of clobazam in humans. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1979; 7 Suppl. 1: 51S-7S (Pubitemid 9154215)
    • (1979) British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology , vol.7 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Rupp, W.1    Badian, M.2    Christ, O.3
  • 23
    • 6944252142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro characterization of clobazam metabolism by recombinant cytochrome P450 Enzymes: Importance of CYP2C19
    • Giraud C, Tran A, Rey E, et al. In vitro characterization of clobazam metabolism by recombinant cytochrome P450 enzymes: importance of CYP2C19. Drug Metab Dispos 2004; 32 (11): 1279-86 (Pubitemid 39410913)
    • (2004) Drug Metabolism and Disposition , vol.32 , Issue.11 , pp. 1279-1286
    • Giraud, C.1    Tran, A.2    Rey, E.3    Vincent, J.4    Treluyer, J.-M.5    Pons, G.6
  • 24
    • 0025036304 scopus 로고
    • Effects of age and antiepileptic drugs on plasma levels and kinetics of clobazam and N-desmethylclobazam
    • Bun H, Monjanel-Mouterde S, Noel F, et al. Effects of age and antiepileptic drugs on plasma levels and kinetics of clobazam and N-desmethylclobazam. Pharmacol Toxicol 1990; 67 (2): 136-40 (Pubitemid 20354494)
    • (1990) Pharmacology and Toxicology , vol.67 , Issue.2 , pp. 136-140
    • Bun, H.1    Monjanel-Mouterde, S.2    Noel, F.3    Durand, A.4    Cano, J.-P.5
  • 25
    • 7744226277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A major influence of CYP2C19 genotype on the steady-state concentration of N-desmethylclobazam
    • DOI 10.1016/j.braindev.2004.02.010, PII S0387760404000622
    • Kosaki K, Tamura K, Sato R, et al. A major influence of CYP2C19 genotype on the steady-state concentration of N-desmethylclobazam. Brain Dev 2004; 26 (8): 530-4 (Pubitemid 39463345)
    • (2004) Brain and Development , vol.26 , Issue.8 , pp. 530-534
    • Kosaki, K.1    Tamura, K.2    Sato, R.3    Samejima, H.4    Tanigawara, Y.5    Takahashi, T.6
  • 26
    • 0018174317 scopus 로고
    • Anticonvulsant action of a 1,5-benzodiazepine, clobazam, in reflex epilepsy
    • Chapman AG, Horton RW, Meldrum BS. Anticonvulsant action of a 1,5-benzodiazepine, clobazam, in reflex epilepsy. Epilepsia 1978; 19 (3): 293-9 (Pubitemid 8367462)
    • (1978) Epilepsia , vol.19 , Issue.3 , pp. 293-299
    • Chapman, A.G.1    Horton, R.W.2    Meldrum, B.S.3
  • 27
    • 0022922336 scopus 로고
    • Comparative study in mice of ten 1,4-benzodiazepines and of clobazam: Anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, and myorelaxant effects
    • Steru L, Chermat R, Millet B, et al. Comparative study in mice of ten 1,4-benzodiazepines and of clobazam: anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, and myorelaxant effects. Epilepsia 1986; 27 Suppl. 1: S14-7 (Pubitemid 16027709)
    • (1986) Epilepsia , vol.27 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Steru, L.1    Chermat, R.2    Millet, B.3
  • 28
    • 0019947901 scopus 로고
    • Comparative anticonvulsant activity and neurotoxicity of clobazam, diazepam, phenobarbital, and valproate in mice and rats
    • Shenoy AK, Miyahara JT, Swinyard EA, et al. Comparative anticonvulsant activity and neurotoxicity of clobazam, diazepam, phenobarbital, and valproate in mice and rats. Epilepsia 1982; 23 (4): 399-408 (Pubitemid 12007362)
    • (1982) Epilepsia , vol.23 , Issue.4 , pp. 399-408
    • Shenoy, A.K.1    Miyahara, J.T.2    Swinyard, E.A.3    Kuperberg, H.J.4
  • 30
    • 0016771653 scopus 로고
    • Immediate effects on human performance of a 1,5-benzodiazepine (clobazam) compared with the 1,4-benzodiazepines, chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride and diazepam
    • Borland RG, Nicholson AN. Immediate effects on human performance of a 1,5-benzodiazepine (clobazam) compared with the 1,4-benzodiazepines, chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride and diazepam. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1975; 2 (3): 215-21
    • (1975) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.2 , Issue.3 , pp. 215-221
    • Borland, R.G.1    Nicholson, A.N.2
  • 32
    • 0018371978 scopus 로고
    • Some aspects of the effects of clobazam on human psychomotor performance
    • Hindmarch I. Some aspects of the effects of clobazam on human psychomotor performance. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1979; 7 Suppl. 1: 77S-82S (Pubitemid 9143917)
    • (1979) British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology , vol.7 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Hindmarch, I.1
  • 33
    • 0018741232 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the effects of clobazam, a 1,5 benzodiazepine, on mood and psychomotor performance in clinically anxious patients in general practice
    • Salkind MR, Hanks GW, Silverstone JT. Evaluation of the effects of clobazam, a 1,5 benzodiazepine, on mood and psychomotor performance in clinically anxious patients in general practice. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1979; 7 Suppl. 1: 113S-8S (Pubitemid 9153302)
    • (1979) British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology , vol.7 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Salkind, M.R.1    Hanks, G.W.2    Silverstone, J.T.3
  • 35
    • 0023274260 scopus 로고
    • Effects of single oral doses of clobazam, diazepam and lorazepam on performance tasks and memory
    • DOI 10.1007/BF00637670
    • Patat A, Klein MJ, Hucher M. Effects of single oral doses of clobazam, diazepam and lorazepam on performance tasks and memory. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1987; 32 (5): 461-6 (Pubitemid 17096189)
    • (1987) European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology , vol.32 , Issue.5 , pp. 461-466
    • Patat, A.1    Klein, M.J.2    Hucher, M.3
  • 36
    • 0024806533 scopus 로고
    • Effects of single oral doses of bromazepam, buspirone and clobazam on performance tasks and memory
    • Bourin M, Auget JL, Colombel MC, et al. Effects of single oral doses of bromazepam, buspirone and clobazam on performance tasks and memory. Neuropsychobiology 1989; 22 (3): 141-5 (Pubitemid 20291712)
    • (1989) Neuropsychobiology , vol.22 , Issue.3 , pp. 141-145
    • Bourin, M.1    Auget, J.L.2    Colombel, M.C.3    Larrouse, C.4
  • 39
    • 33847182396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GABA receptor heterogeneity, function, and implications for epilepsy
    • Benarroch EE. GABA receptor heterogeneity, function, and implications for epilepsy. Neurology 2007; 68: 612-14
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.68 , pp. 612-614
    • Benarroch, E.E.1
  • 40
    • 0030476450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a tonic form of synaptic inhibition in rat cerebellar granule cells resulting from persistent activation of GABAA receptors
    • Brickley SG, Cull-Candy SG, Farrant M. Development of a tonic form of synaptic inhibition in rat cerebellar granule cells resulting from persistent activation of GABAA receptors. J Physiol 1996; 497 (Pt 3): 753-9
    • (1996) J Physiol , vol.497 , Issue.PART 3 , pp. 753-759
    • Brickley, S.G.1    Cull-Candy, S.G.2    Farrant, M.3
  • 41
    • 33644521019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Looking for GABA in all the wrong places: The relevance of extrasynaptic GABA(A) receptors to epilepsy
    • Richerson GB. Looking for GABA in all the wrong places: the relevance of extrasynaptic GABA(A) receptors to epilepsy. Epilepsy Curr 2004; 4 (6): 239-42
    • (2004) Epilepsy Curr , vol.4 , Issue.6 , pp. 239-242
    • Richerson, G.B.1
  • 42
    • 84856879304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Areview of the pharmacological properties of the benzodiazepine anxiolytics
    • Trimble MR, Hindmarch I, editors Petersfield: Wrightson Biomedical Publishing Inc
    • Leonard BE.Areview of the pharmacological properties of the benzodiazepine anxiolytics. In: Trimble MR, Hindmarch I, editors. Benzodiazepines. Petersfield: Wrightson Biomedical Publishing Inc., 2000: 1-16
    • (2000) Benzodiazepines , pp. 1-16
    • Leonard, B.E.1
  • 43
    • 0025043989 scopus 로고
    • Novel anxiolytics that act as partial agonists at benzodiazepine receptors
    • Haefely W, Martin JR, Schoch P. Novel anxiolytics that act as partial agonists at benzodiazepine receptors. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1990; 11 (11): 452-6 (Pubitemid 20351930)
    • (1990) Trends in Pharmacological Sciences , vol.11 , Issue.11 , pp. 452-456
    • Haefely, W.1    Martin, J.R.2    Schoch, P.3
  • 44
    • 0029884812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benzodiazepines on trial: A research strategy for their rehabilitation
    • DOI 10.1016/0165-6147(96)10015-8
    • Costa E, Guidotti A. Benzodiazepines on trial: a research strategy for their rehabilitation. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1996; 17 (5): 192-200 (Pubitemid 26186205)
    • (1996) Trends in Pharmacological Sciences , vol.17 , Issue.5 , pp. 192-200
    • Costa, E.1    Guidotti, A.2
  • 45
    • 20344392658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A receptors as a target for the development of novel anxiolytics
    • DOI 10.1517/13543784.14.5.601
    • Atack JR. The benzodiazepine binding site of GABA(A) receptors as a target for the development of novel anxiolytics. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2005; 14 (5): 601-18 (Pubitemid 40790282)
    • (2005) Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs , vol.14 , Issue.5 , pp. 601-618
    • Atack, J.R.1
  • 46
    • 54049137689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subtypes of gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) receptors: Classification on the basis of subunit composition, pharmacology, and function-update
    • International Union of Pharmacology: LXX
    • Olsen RW, Sieghart W. International Union of Pharmacology: LXX. Subtypes of gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) receptors: classification on the basis of subunit composition, pharmacology, and function-update. Pharmacol Rev 2008; 60 (3): 243-60
    • (2008) Pharmacol Rev , vol.60 , Issue.3 , pp. 243-260
    • Olsen, R.W.1    Sieghart, W.2
  • 47
    • 0028988637 scopus 로고
    • Functional domains of GABAA receptors
    • Smith GB, Olsen RW. Functional domains of GABAA receptors. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1995; 16 (5): 162-8
    • (1995) Trends Pharmacol Sci , vol.16 , Issue.5 , pp. 162-168
    • Smith, G.B.1    Olsen, R.W.2
  • 48
    • 34250218051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subunit composition and structure of GABA A-receptor subtypes
    • Enna S, editor 3rd ed. Totowa (NJ): Humana Press Inc
    • Sieghart W. Subunit composition and structure of GABA A-receptor subtypes. In: Enna S, editor. The GABA receptors. 3rd ed. Totowa (NJ): Humana Press Inc., 2007: 69-86
    • (2007) The GABA Receptors , pp. 69-86
    • Sieghart, W.1
  • 49
    • 0036673411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subunit composition, distribution and function of GABA(A) receptor subtypes
    • Sieghart W, Sperk G. Subunit composition, distribution and function of GABA(A) receptor subtypes. Curr Top Med Chem 2002; 2 (8): 795-816
    • (2002) Curr Top Med Chem , vol.2 , Issue.8 , pp. 795-816
    • Sieghart, W.1    Sperk, G.2
  • 50
    • 0029670123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Which GABAA-receptor subtypes really occur in the brain?
    • McKernan RM, Whiting PJ. Which GABAA-receptor subtypes really occur in the brain? Trends Neurosci 1996; 19 (4): 139-43
    • (1996) Trends Neurosci , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 139-143
    • McKernan, R.M.1    Whiting, P.J.2
  • 52
    • 33748925413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GABA(A) receptor diversity and pharmacology
    • Mohler H. GABA(A) receptor diversity and pharmacology. Cell Tissue Res 2006; 326 (2): 505-16
    • (2006) Cell Tissue Res , vol.326 , Issue.2 , pp. 505-516
    • Mohler, H.1
  • 53
    • 0035804244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive regulation of neuronal excitability by a voltage-independent potassium conductance
    • DOI 10.1038/35051086
    • Brickley SG, Revilla V, Cull-Candy SG, et al. Adaptive regulation of neuronal excitability by a voltage-independent potassium conductance. Nature 2001; 409 (6816): 88-92 (Pubitemid 32098630)
    • (2001) Nature , vol.409 , Issue.6816 , pp. 88-92
    • Brickley, S.G.1    Revilla, V.2    Cull-Candy, S.G.3    Wisden, W.4    Farrant, M.5
  • 54
    • 79551529078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extrasynaptic GABA(A) receptors and tonic inhibition in rat auditory thalamus
    • Richardson BD, Ling LL, Uteshev VV, et al. Extrasynaptic GABA(A) receptors and tonic inhibition in rat auditory thalamus. PLoS One 2011; 6 (1): e16508
    • (2011) PLoS One , vol.6 , Issue.1
    • Richardson, B.D.1    Ling, L.L.2    Uteshev, V.V.3
  • 56
    • 0031593981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diversity of GABA(A) receptors: Pharmacological and electrophysiological properties of GABA(A) channel subtypes
    • Hevers W, Luddens H. The diversity of GABAA receptors: pharmacological and electrophysiological properties of GABAAchannel subtypes.Mol Neurobiol 1998; 18 (1): 35-86 (Pubitemid 28501074)
    • (1998) Molecular Neurobiology , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 35-86
    • Hevers, W.1    Luddens, H.2
  • 57
    • 0016597673 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for involvement of GABA in the action of benzodiazepines: Studies on rat cerebellum
    • Costa E, Guidotti A, Mao CC. Evidence for involvement of GABA in the action of benzodiazepines: studies on rat cerebellum. Adv Biochem Psychopharmacol 1975; (14): 113-30
    • (1975) Adv Biochem Psychopharmacol , vol.14 , pp. 113-130
    • Costa, E.1    Guidotti, A.2    Mao, C.C.3
  • 58
    • 0016646573 scopus 로고
    • Possible involvement of GABA in the central actions of benzodiazepines
    • Haefely W, Kulcsar A, Mohler H, et al. Possible involvement of GABA in the central actions of benzodiazepines. Adv Biochem Psychopharmacol 1975; (14): 131-51
    • (1975) Adv Biochem Psychopharmacol , vol.14 , pp. 131-151
    • Haefely, W.1    Kulcsar, A.2    Mohler, H.3
  • 60
    • 0017661950 scopus 로고
    • Benzodiazepine receptor: demonstration in the central nervous system
    • Mohler H, Okada T. Benzodiazepine receptor: demonstration in the central nervous system. Science 1977; 198 (4319): 849-51 (Pubitemid 8214700)
    • (1977) Science , vol.198 , Issue.4319 , pp. 849-851
    • Mohler, H.1    Okada, T.2
  • 61
    • 0019428335 scopus 로고
    • Molecular sizes of benzodiazepine receptors and the interacting GABA receptors in the membrane are identical
    • DOI 10.1016/0014-5793(81)80268-2
    • Chang LR, Barnard EA, Lo MM, et al. Molecular sizes of benzodiazepine receptors and the interacting GABA receptors in the membrane are identical. FEBS Lett 1981; 126 (2): 309-12 (Pubitemid 11092806)
    • (1981) FEBS Letters , vol.126 , Issue.2 , pp. 309-312
    • Chang, L.R.1    Barnard, E.A.2    Lo, M.M.S.3    Dolly, J.O.4
  • 62
    • 0019459495 scopus 로고
    • GABA-benzodiazepine-barbiturate receptor interactions
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1981.tb05284.x
    • Olsen RW. GABA-benzodiazepine-barbiturate receptor interactions. J Neurochem 1981; 37 (1): 1-13 (Pubitemid 11088650)
    • (1981) Journal of Neurochemistry , vol.37 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-13
    • Olsen, R.W.1
  • 63
    • 0019516652 scopus 로고
    • The benzodiazepine - GABA - chloride ionophore receptor complex: Common site of minor tranquilizer action
    • Paul SM, Marangos PJ, Skolnick P. The benzodiazepine-GABA-chloride ionophore receptor complex: common site of minor tranquilizer action. Biol Psychiatry 1981; 16 (3): 213-29 (Pubitemid 11154875)
    • (1981) Biological Psychiatry , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 213-229
    • Paul, S.M.1    Marangos, P.J.2    Skolnick, P.3
  • 64
    • 0021229828 scopus 로고
    • A γ-aminobutyric acid/benzodiazepine receptor complex from bovine cerebral cortex. Improved purification with preservation of regulatory sites and their interactions
    • Sigel E, Barnard EA. A gamma-aminobutyric acid/benzodiazepine receptor complex from bovine cerebral cortex: improved purification with preservation of regulatory sites and their interactions. J Biol Chem1984; 259 (11): 7219-23 (Pubitemid 14077806)
    • (1984) Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.259 , Issue.11 , pp. 7219-7223
    • Sigel, E.1    Barnard, E.A.2
  • 66
    • 0026689069 scopus 로고
    • Molecular basis of pharmacological heterogeneity of GABAA receptors
    • Sieghart W. Molecular basis of pharmacological heterogeneity of GABAA receptors. Cell Signal 1992; 4 (3): 231-7
    • (1992) Cell Signal , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 231-237
    • Sieghart, W.1
  • 67
    • 0024157342 scopus 로고
    • Imidazopyridines as a tool for the characterization of benzodiazepine receptors: A proposal for a pharmacological classification as omega receptor subtypes
    • Langer SZ, Arbilla S. Imidazopyridines as a tool for the characterization of benzodiazepine receptors: a proposal for a pharmacological classification as omega receptor subtypes. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1988; 29 (4): 763-6 (Pubitemid 19260922)
    • (1988) Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior , vol.29 , Issue.4 , pp. 763-766
    • Langer, S.Z.1    Arbilla, S.2
  • 68
    • 0028091043 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology of benzodiazepine receptors: An update
    • Sieghart W. Pharmacology of benzodiazepine receptors: an update. J Psychiatry Neurosci 1994; 19 (1): 24-9 (Pubitemid 24066601)
    • (1994) Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 24-29
    • Sieghart, W.1
  • 69
    • 0029793917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of clobazam and its active metabolite on GABA-activated currents in rat cerebral neurons in culture
    • Nakamura F, Suzuki S, Nishimura S, et al. Effects of clobazam and its active metabolite on GABA-activated currents in rat cerebral neurons in culture. Epilepsia 1996; 37 (8): 728-35 (Pubitemid 26276940)
    • (1996) Epilepsia , vol.37 , Issue.8 , pp. 728-735
    • Nakamura, F.1    Suzuki, S.2    Nishimura, S.3    Yagi, K.4    Seino, M.5
  • 70
    • 0034896836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A pharmacological profile of clobazam (Mystan®), a new antiepileptic drug
    • DOI 10.1254/fpj.118.117
    • NakajimaH.Apharmacological profile of clobazam (Mystan), a new antiepileptic drug [in Japanese]. Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2001; 118 (2): 117-22 (Pubitemid 32734656)
    • (2001) Folia Pharmacologica Japonica , vol.118 , Issue.2 , pp. 117-122
    • Nakajima, H.1
  • 71
    • 77249084591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New 15-benzodiazepine compounds: Activity at native GABA(A) receptors
    • Gatta E, Cupello A, Di Braccio M, et al. New 1,5-benzodiazepine compounds: activity at native GABA(A) receptors. Neuroscience 2010; 166 (3): 917-23
    • (2010) Neuroscience , vol.166 , Issue.3 , pp. 917-923
    • Gatta, E.1    Cupello, A.2    Di Braccio, M.3
  • 72
    • 0026610272 scopus 로고
    • A single histidine in GABAA receptors is essential for benzodiazepine agonist binding
    • Wieland HA, Luddens H, Seeburg PH. A single histidine in GABAA receptors is essential for benzodiazepine agonist binding. J Biol Chem 1992; 267 (3): 1426-9
    • (1992) J Biol Chem , vol.267 , Issue.3 , pp. 1426-1429
    • Wieland, H.A.1    Luddens, H.2    Seeburg, P.H.3
  • 74
    • 0033592682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benzodiazepine actions mediated by specific gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) receptor subtypes
    • Rudolph U, Crestani F, Benke D, et al. Benzodiazepine actions mediated by specific gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) receptor subtypes. Nature 1999; 401 (6755): 796-800
    • (1999) Nature , vol.401 , Issue.6755 , pp. 796-800
    • Rudolph, U.1    Crestani, F.2    Benke, D.3
  • 75
    • 0034613173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular and neuronal substrate for the selective attenuation of anxiety
    • Low K, Crestani F, Keist R, et al. Molecular and neuronal substrate for the selective attenuation of anxiety. Science 2000; 290 (5489): 131-4
    • (2000) Science , vol.290 , Issue.5489 , pp. 131-134
    • Low, K.1    Crestani, F.2    Keist, R.3
  • 80
    • 79551594584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between modulators of the GABA(A) receptor: Stiripentol and benzodiazepines
    • Fisher JL. Interactions between modulators of the GABA(A) receptor: stiripentol and benzodiazepines. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 654 (2): 160-5
    • (2011) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.654 , Issue.2 , pp. 160-165
    • Fisher, J.L.1
  • 82
    • 69549108131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The complexity of the GABAA receptor shapes unique pharmacological profiles
    • D'Hulst C, Atack JR, Kooy RF. The complexity of the GABAA receptor shapes unique pharmacological profiles. Drug Discov Today 2009; 14 (17-18): 866-75
    • (2009) Drug Discov Today , vol.14 , Issue.17-18 , pp. 866-875
    • D'Hulst, C.1    Atack, J.R.2    Kooy, R.F.3
  • 83
    • 0345215147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology of recombinant γ-aminobutyric acida receptors rendered diazepam-insensitive by point-mutated α-subunits
    • DOI 10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00803-5, PII S0014579398008035
    • Benson JA, Low K, Keist R, et al. Pharmacology of recombinant gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptors rendered diazepam-insensitive by point-mutated alpha-subunits. FEBS Lett 1998; 431 (3): 400-4 (Pubitemid 28352398)
    • (1998) FEBS Letters , vol.431 , Issue.3 , pp. 400-404
    • Benson, J.A.1    Low, K.2    Keist, R.3    Mohler, H.4    Rudolph, U.5
  • 84
    • 0027412325 scopus 로고
    • Current potentiation by diazepam but not GABA sensitivity is determined by a single histidine residue
    • Kleingoor C, Wieland HA, Korpi ER, et al. Current potentiation by diazepam but not GABA sensitivity is determined by a single histidine residue. Neuroreport 1993; 4 (2): 187-90 (Pubitemid 23080872)
    • (1993) NeuroReport , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 187-190
    • Kleingoor, C.1    Wieland, H.A.2    Korpi, E.R.3    Seeburg, P.H.4    Kettenmann, H.5
  • 87
    • 70350352718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angelman syndrome (AS, MIM 105830)
    • Van Buggenhout G, Fryns JP. Angelman syndrome (AS, MIM 105830). Eur J Hum Genet 2009; 17 (11): 1367-73
    • (2009) Eur J Hum Genet , vol.17 , Issue.11 , pp. 1367-1373
    • Van Buggenhout, G.1    Fryns, J.P.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.