Clobazam

Neurotherapeutics

Volumn 4, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 138-144

  Ng, Yu tze ^a   Collins, Stephen D ^b  

^a BARROW NEUROLOGICAL INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b LUNDBECK RESEARCH USA   (United States)

Author keywords

Catastrophic childhood epilepsy; clobazam; epilepsy treatment; Lennox Gastaut syndrome; refractory epilepsy; treatment resistant epilepsy

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID A RECEPTOR; 4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID CARRIER; 4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID CARRIER 3; ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; CARBAMAZEPINE; CIMETIDINE; CLOBAZAM; CYTOCHROME P450; CYTOCHROME P450 INHIBITOR; DIAZEPAM; DRUG METABOLITE; FELBAMATE; LAMOTRIGINE; PHENOBARBITAL; PHENYTOIN; TOPIRAMATE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VALPROIC ACID;

ADJUVANT THERAPY; ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; ATAXIA; ATONIC SEIZURE; BEHAVIOR DISORDER; BENIGN CHILDHOOD EPILEPSY; CLINICAL TRIAL; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE EXACERBATION; DIZZINESS; DOG; DROWSINESS; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG APPROVAL; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG DOSE REDUCTION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG ELIMINATION; DRUG FATALITY; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG INDICATION; DRUG RECEPTOR BINDING; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG UTILIZATION; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; EPILEPSY; EPILEPTIC STATE; EXPERIMENTAL MOUSE; EXPERIMENTAL RAT; FETUS RESORPTION; FOCAL EPILEPSY; FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION; GRAND MAL EPILEPSY; GUINEA PIG; HEALTH PROGRAM; HUMAN; HUMAN VERSUS ANIMAL COMPARISON; HYPERSALIVATION; INFERTILITY; INTRACTABLE EPILEPSY; KIDNEY FAILURE; LENNOX GASTAUT SYNDROME; LETHAL DOSE; LIVER FAILURE; LOW DRUG DOSE; MONKEY; MUSCLE HYPOTONIA; MYOCLONUS SEIZURE; NONHUMAN; OPTIMAL DRUG DOSE; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PERINATAL DEVELOPMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RABBIT; RECOMMENDED DRUG DOSE; REFRACTORY EPILEPSY; REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEDATION; SEIZURE; SIDE EFFECT; STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATION; TABLET FORMULATION; TERATOGENICITY; THYROID FOLLICULAR CARCINOMA; UNITED STATES; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT; WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME;

ANIMALS; ANTICONVULSANTS; BENZODIAZEPINES; BRAIN; CLINICAL TRIALS; EPILEPSY; HUMANS;

EID: 33846194260     PISSN: 19337213     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.nurt.2006.11.002     Document Type: Article

References (109)

1. Hauser W.A., Annegers J.F., and Kurland L.T. Incidence of epilepsy and unprovoked seizures in Rochester, Minnesota: 1935-1984. Epilepsia 34 (1993) 453-468
2. Beaumanoir A., and Blume W. The Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome- symptomatology during the seizure disorder. In: Roger J., Bureau M., Dravet C., Genton P., Tassinari C.A., and Wolf P. (Eds). Epileptic syndromes in infancy, childhood, and adolescence. 3rd ed. (2002), John Libbey & Co., Ltd, London 113-135
3. Markand O.N. Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (childhood epileptic encephalopathy). J Clin Neurophysiol 20 (2003) 426-441
4. Crumrine P.K. Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. J Child Neurol 17 suppl 1 (2002) S70-S75
5. Wheless J.W. Nonpharmacologic treatment of the catastrophic epilepsies of childhood. Epilepsia 45 suppl 5 (2004) 17-22
6. Data on file. Ovation Pharmaceuticals. Initial IND.
7. Canadian Clobazam Cooperative Group. Clobazam in treatment of refractory epilepsy: the Canadian experience. A retrospective study. Epilepsia 32 (1991) 407-416
8. Sugai K. Clobazam as a new antiepileptic drug and clorazepate dipotassium as an alternative antiepileptic drug in Japan. Epilepsia 45 suppl 8 (2004) 20-25
9. Meldrum B.S., and Horton R.W. Anticonvulsant activity in photosensitive baboons, Papio-papio, of two new 1,5 benzodiazepines. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 60 (1979) 277-280
10. Chapman A.G., Horton R.W., and Meldrum B.S. Anticonvulsant action of a 1,5-benzodiazepine, clobazam, in reflex epilepsy. Epilepsia 19 (1978) 293-299
11. Fielding S., and Lal H. A review of the animal pharmacology of clobazam: an update. Drug Dev Res 2 suppl 1 (1982) 17-21
12. Vogel HG, Hoffman I. Pharmacology of HR 376 (clobazam). Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Pharma Research, Pharmacology. Nov 24, 1975. ND;5:3-102 (Aug 8, 1980).
13. Nagato K., Komine I., Kitagawa H., Matsukawa K., Tanaka K., and Sakaguchi T. Study on acute toxicity of l-phenyl-5-methyl-8-chloro-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro,2-4-diketo-3H-l, 5-benzodiazepine (HR 376) in mice. Research Laboratory, Hoechst Japan Limited, Saitama-ken, Japan (1974) June 13
14. Schols DR, Schütz E. Report on an acute intraperitoneal test of HR 376 in mice. Pharmaceutical Research/Toxicology Farbwerke Hoechst AG. Nov 2, 1972d.
15. Roell MG, Springman FR, Doerr BI. Acute oral toxicity of compound A 50 376 in mice. Hoechst Pharmaceutical Company, Sommerville, NJ. Mar 8, 1972a.
16. Nagato K., Komine I., Kitagawa H., Matsukawa K., Tanaka K., and Sakaguchi T. Study on acute toxicity of l-phenyl-5-methyl-8-chloro-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro,2-4-diketo-3H-l, 5-benzodiazepine (HR 376) in rats. Research Laboratory, Hoechst Japan Limited, Saitama-ken, Japan (1973) Nov 26
17. Roell MG, Springman FR, Doerr BI. Acute intraperitoneal toxicity of compound A 50 376 in rats. Hoechst Pharmaceutical Company, Sommerville, NJ. Apr 4, 1972c.
18. Roell MG, Springman FR, Doerr BI. Acute oral toxicity of compound A 50 376 in rats. Hoechst Pharmaceutical Company, Sommerville, NJ. Mar 21, 1972b.
19. Hayashi S., Omosu M., Yajima R., Kobayashi T., Mizukami K., and Sakaguchi T. Influence of the consecutive oral administration of l-phenyl-5-methyl-8-chloro-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro,2-4-diketo-3H-l, 5-benzodiazepine (HR 376) to rats for 6 months. Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Hoechst Japan Limited, Saitama-ken, Japan (1975) Feb 5
20. Hayashi S., Omosu M., Kobayashi T., Mizukami K., and Sakaguchi T. Influence of the consecutive oral administration of l-phenyl-5-methyl-8-chloro-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro,2-4-diketo-3H-l, 5-benzodiazepine (HR 376) to rats for 28 days. Research Laboratory, Hoechst Japan Limited, Saitama-ken, Japan (1974) Oct 4
21. Doerr B.I., Richardson E., and Chesney C.F. The chronic toxicity of compound A 50 376 when given to rats for eighteen months (1973), Hoechst-Roussel Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Sommerville, NJ Rep. No. 2171-H58. Aug 3
22. Schols Dr, Schultes Dr. Report on an acute oral tolerance test of HR 376 in guinea pigs. Pharmaceutical Research/Toxicology Farbwerke Hoechst AG. Oct 24, 1972c.
23. Roell MG, Springman FR, Doerr BI. Acute oral toxicity of compound A 50 376 in rabbits. Hoechst Pharmaceutical Company, Sommerville, NJ. May 18, 1972d.
24. Schols Dr, Schultes Dr. Report on an acute oral tolerance test of HR 376 dogs. Pharmaceutical Research/Toxicology Farbwerke Hoechst AG. Aug 30, 1972a.
25. Schols Dr, Schültes Dr. Report on an oral exploratory tolerance test of HR 376 with repeated administration to dogs. Pharmaceutical Research/Toxicology Farbwerke Hoechst AG. Aug 30, 1972b.
26. Springman F.R., Roell M.G., Doerr B.I., and Wolf G.L. The chronic toxicity of compound A 50 376 when given orally to dogs for six months (1972), Hoechst Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Sommerville, NJ Rep. No.1971-H58. July 18
27. Doerr BI, Richardson E, Willigan DA. The chronic toxicity of compound A 50 376 when given orally to dogs for one year. Hoechst-Roussel Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Sommerville, NJ. Rep. No. 2071-H58. Feb 20, 1974; revised Nov 13, 1974a.
28. Doerr BI, Richardson E, Chesney CF. The chronic toxicity of compound A 50 376 when given orally to dogs for one year. Hoechst-Roussel Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Sommerville, NJ. Rep. No. 0773-H58. Dec 23, 1974b.
29. Leuschner F., Leuschner A., Schwerdtfeger W., and Kief H. Report on a chronic oral toxicity study of HR 376 (=A 50 376) (52 weeks) in rhesus monkeys. Laboratorium Fur Pharmakologie Und Toxikologie, Bredengrund (1974) Sept 30
30. Coulston F., Goldberg L., Rosenblum I., et al. A ten-week safety evaluation of A50376 in monkeys (1973), Institute of Comparative and Human Toxicity, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY Oct
31. McSheehy T, Cummins HA, Finn JP. RU 4723: oncogenic response in mice to dietary administration for 80 weeks. Life Science Research, Essex, England. Rep. No. 79/RUCO28/295. Oct 24, 1979a.
32. McSheehy T, Cummins HA, Finn JP. RU 4723: RU 4723: oncogenic response in rats to dietary administration for 104 weeks. Life Science Research, Essex, England. Rep. No. 79/RUCO27/367. Oct 24, 1979b.
33. Kramer M., and Baeder C. Report on reproduction tests with HR 376 (A 50 376) in NMRI mice (influence on fertility, pregnancy and post-natal development). Farbwerke Hoechst AG (1974) June 27
34. Baeder C., and Scholz Dr. Report on reproduction test with HR 376 on Wistar rats (influence on fertility, pregnancy, post-natal development). Farbwerke Hoechst AG (1973) Jan 29
35. Baeder C., Kramer M., and Schutz E. Report on an oral peri- and post-natal toxicity study of HR 376 in Wistar rats. Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Pharma Research, Radiochemistry (1976) Sept 15
36. Vannier B., and Glomot R.J. H 4723 teratology study. Department of Toxicology and Research Centre of Roussel-UCLAF, Romainville, France (1972) July 10
37. Krsmanovic L., and Huston T. Mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test, BioReliance study No.r AB06MT.123.BTL, draft report date Apr 25 (2005)
38. Gudi R., and Rao M. In vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test. BioReliance study No. AB06MT.331.BTL; draft report date Apr 27 (2005)
39. Wagner V.O., and Hines R.M. Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay. BioReliance Rep (2005) No. AB06MT.503.BTL; draft report date Apr 14
40. Miyawaki I., Moriyasu M., Funabashi H., Yasuba M., and Matsuoka N. Mechanism of clobazam-induced thyroidal oncogenesis in male rats. Toxicol Lett 145 (2003) 291-301
41. Capen C. Development of benign follicular cell tumors (adenomas) following chronic administration of "clobazam" to Sprague-Dawley rats: specific and mechanistic comments, Feb 07 (2005)
42. Rupp W., Badian M., Christ O., et al. Pharmacokinetics of single and multiple doses of clobazam in humans. Br J Clin Pharmacol 7 suppl 1 (1979) 51S-57S
43. Davies IB, Pidgen AW, Mcween J, Robinson JD, Walker SE, Stonier Pd. Rectal absorption of clobazam: pharmacokinetic aspects and possible use in epilepsy. Clobazam: human psychopharmacology and clinical applications. R Soc Med Int Congr Symp Ser No 74;129-132.
44. Divoll M., Greenblatt D.J., Ciraulo D.A., Puri S.K., Ho I., and Shader R.I. Clobazam kinetics: intrasubject variability and effect of food on adsorption. J Clin Pharmacol 22 (1982) 69-73
45. Cenraud B., Guyot M., Levy R.H., et al. No effect of food intake on clobazam absorption. Br J Clin Pharmacol 16 (1983) 728-730
46. Tedeschi G., Riva R., and Baruzzi A. Clobazam plasma concentrations: pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers and data in epileptic patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol 11 (1981) 619-622
47. Farrell K. Benzodiazepines in the treatment of children with epilepsy. Epilepsia 27 suppl 1 (1986) S45-S52
48. Dehnerdt M., Boenigk H., and Rambeck B. Clobazam (Frisium) for the treatment of complications of epilepsy. [in German]. In: Remschmidt H., Rentz R., and Jungmann J. (Eds). Epilepsy 1980: psychological aspects, post-traumatic epilepsy, drug treatment, diagnostic methods (1980), Georg Thieme, Stuttgart 172-175 Meeting of the German Section of the International League Against Epilepsy in Berlin
49. Bun H., Monjanel-Mouterde S., Noel F., Durand A., and Cano J.P. Effects of age and antiepileptic drugs on plasma levels and kinetics of clobazam and N-desmethylclobazam. Pharmacol Toxicol 67 (1990) 136-140
50. Giraud C., Tran A., Rey E., Vincent J., Treluyer J.M., and Pons G. In vitro characterization of clobazam metabolism by recombinant cytochrome P450 enzymes: importance of CYP2C19. Drug Metab Dispos 32 (2004) 1279-1286
51. Contin M., Sangiorgi S., Riva R., Parmeggiani A., Albani F., and Baruzzi A. Evidence of polymorphic CYP2C19 involvement in the human metabolism of N-desmethylclobazam. Ther Drug Monit 24 (2002) 737-741
52. Bardy A.H., Seppala T., Salokorpi T., Granstrom M.L., and Santavuori P. Monitoring of concentrations of clobazam and norclobazam in serum and saliva of children with epilepsy. Brain Dev 13 (1991) 174-179
53. Grigoleit H.G., Hajdu P., Hundt H.K., et al. Pharmacokinetic aspects of the interaction between clobazam and cimetidine. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 25 (1983) 139-142
54. Mehndiratta M.M., Krishnamurthy M., Rajesh K.N., and Singh G. Clobazam monotherapy in drug naive adult patients with epilepsy. Seizure 12 (2003) 226-228
55. Doi T., Ueda Y., Tokumaru J., and Willmore L.J. Molecular regulation of glutamate and GABA transporter proteins by clobazam during epileptogenesis in Fe(+++)-induced epileptic rats. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 142 (2005) 91-96
56. Critchley EMR, Vakil SD, Hayward HW, Owen MV, Cocks A, Freemantle NP. Double-blind clinical study of clobazam in refractory epilepsy. In: Hindmarch I, Stonier PD, eds. Clobazam. R Soc Med Int Congr Symp Ser No 43:159-163
57. Freche C. Study of an anxiolytic, clobazam, in otorhinolaryngology in psychosomatic pharyngeal manifestations. [in French]. Sem Hop Ther 51 (1975) 261-263
58. McKernan R.M., Rosahl T.W., Reynolds D.S., et al. Sedative but not anxiolytic properties of benzodiazepines are mediated by the GABA(A) receptor alpha1 subtype. Nat Neurosci 3 (2000) 587-592
59. Nakajima H. A pharmacological profile of clobazam (Mystan), a new antiepileptic drug. [in Japanese]. Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi 118 (2001) 117-122
60. Cano JP, Bun H, Iliadia A, Dravet C, Roger J, Gastaut H. Influence of anti-epileptic drugs on plasma levels of clobazam and desmethylclobazam: application of research on relations between doses, plasma levels, and clinical efficacy. In: Hindmarch I, Stonier PD, eds. Clobazam. R Soc Med Int Congr Symp Ser No 43:169-174
61. Callaghan N., and Goggin T. Clobazam as adjunctive treatment in drug resistant epilepsy--report on an open prospective study. Ir Med J 77 (1984) 240-244
62. Gastaut H. Exceptional and unrecognized antiepileptic properties of a commercial anxiolytic: clobazam. [in French]. Concours Med 100 (1978) 3697-3701
63. Gastaut H., and Low M.D. Antiepileptic properties of clobazam, a 1-5 benzodiazepine, in man. Epilepsia 20 (1979) 437-446
64. Gastaut H. The effect of benzodiazepines on chronic epilepsy in man (with particular reference to clobazam). In: Hindmarch I, Stonier P, eds. Clobazam. R Soc Med Int Congr Symp Ser No 43:141-150.
65. Vajda F.J., Bladin P.F., and Parsons B.J. Clinical experience with clobazam: a new 1,5 benzodiazepine in the treatment of refractory epilepsy. Clin Exp Neurol 21 (1985) 177-182
66. Bravaccio F., D'Ambrosio G., De Rosa A., Tata M.R., and Volpe E. The anti-epileptic properties of a diazepine drug (clobazam). Preliminary results. [in Italian]. Acta Neurol [Quad] (Napoli) 39 (1979) 58-64
67. Pechadre J.C., Beudin P., Devoize J.L., and Gibert J. Anti-epileptic effect of clobazam in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (author's transl). [in French]. Encephale 7 (1981) 181-190
68. Franceschi M., Ferini-Strambi L., Mastrangelo M., and Smirne S. Clobazam in drug-resistant and alcoholic withdrawal seizures. Clin Study J 20 (1983) 119-125
69. Guberman A., Couture M., Blaschuk K., and Sherwin A. Add-on trial of clobazam in intractable adult epilepsy with plasma level correlations. Can J Neurol Sci 17 (1990) 311-316
70. Munn R., and Farrell K. Open study of clobazam in refractory epilepsy. Pediatr Neurol 9 (1993) 465-469
71. Dalby MA. Clobazam in resistant epilepsy---a retrospective survey. In: Hindmarch I, Stoner PD, Trimble MR, eds. Clobazam: human psychopharmacology and clinical application. R Soc Med Int Congr Symp Ser No 74:189
72. Bianchi A., Bellea A., and Sideri G. Use of clobazam in epilepsy: experience gained from one year of treatment. [in Italian]. Bolletino-Lega Italiana Contro L'Epilepssia 29 (1980) 215-218 /30
73. Tondi M., Mattu B., Monaco F., and Masia G. Electronical assessment of the antiepileptic effects of clobazam in children. [in Italian]. Revista Italiana EEG Neurofisiologia Clinica 3 (1980) 87-92
74. Papini M., Pasquinelli A., Rossi L., et al. Preliminary report on the antiepileptic activity of clobazam. [in Italian]. Revista Italiana EEG Neurofisiologia Clinica 3 (1980) 93-98
75. Figueroa D., Adlerstein L., and Manterola A. Clobazam for refractory epilepsy in children. [in Spanish]. Revista Chilena de Pediatria 55 (1984) 401-405
76. Davila-Gutierrez G., Mondragon-Pineda A., and Alcala-Negrete H. Usefulness of clobazam in the treatment of refractory epilepsy in children. [in Spanish]. Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 47 (1990) 694-697
77. Jan M.M., and Shaabat A.O. Clobazam for the treatment of intractable childhood epilepsy. Saudi Med J 21 (2000) 622-624
78. Koeppen D., Baruzzi A., Capozza M., et al. Clobazam in therapy-resistant patients with partial epilepsy: a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study. Epilepsia 28 (1987) 495-506
79. Dellaportas C.I., Wilson A., and Clifford R.F. Clobazam as an adjunctive treatment in chronic epilepsy. In: Porter R.J., Mattson R.H., Ward A.A., and Dam M. (Eds). Advances in epileptology: XVth Epilepsy International Symposium (1984), Raven Press, New York 363-367
80. Canadian Study Group for Childhood Epilepsy. Clobazam has equivalent efficacy to carbamazepine and phenytoin as monotherapy for childhood epilepsy. Epilepsia 39 (1998) 952-959
81. Wilson A, Dellaportas CI, Clifford RF. Low-dose clobazam as adjunctive therapy in chronic epilepsy. In: Hindmarch I, Stonier PD, Trimble MR, eds. Clobazam: human psychopharmacology and clinical application. R Soc Med Int Congr Symp Ser No 74:172-178
82. Allen J.W., Oxley J., Robertson M.M., Trimble M.R., Richens A., and Jawad S.S. Clobazam as adjunctive treatment in refractory epilepsy. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 286 (1983) 1246-1247
83. Aucamp A.K. Clobazam as adjunctive therapy in uncontrolled epileptic patients. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 37 (1985) 1098-1103
84. Schmidt D., Rohde M., Wolf P., and Roeder-Wanner U. Clobazam for refractory focal epilepsy. A controlled trial. Arch Neurol 43 (1986) 824-826
85. Keene D.L., Whiting S., and Humphreys P. Clobazam as an add-on drug in the treatment of refractory epilepsy of childhood. Can J Neurol Sci 17 (1990) 317-319
86. Feely M., Calvert R., and Gibson J. Clobazam in catamenial epilepsy. A model for evaluating anticonvulsants. Lancet 2 (1982) 71-73
87. Feely M., and Gibson J. Intermittent clobazam for catamenial epilepsy: tolerance avoided. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 47 (1984) 1279-1282
88. Shimizu H., Kawasaki J., Yuasa S., Tarao Y., Kumagai S., and Kanemoto K. Use of clobazam for the treatment of refractory complex partial seizures. Seizure 12 (2003) 282-286
89. Buchanan N., Sommerville E., and Procopsis P. Clobazam in the treatment of epilepsy. [abstract]. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol suppl 16 (1990) Abstract 6
90. Sadler R.M., and Cohen B. Clobazaam in the treatment of partial complex seizures of probable temporal lobe origin. [abstract]. Epilepsia 33 suppl 3 (1992) 106
91. Buchanan N. Clobazam in the treatment of epilepsy: prospective follow-up to 8 years. J R Soc Med 86 (1993) 378-380
92. Heller A.J., Ring H.A., and Reynolds E.H. Factors relating to dramatic response to clobazam therapy in refractory epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2 (1988) 276-280
93. Munn R., Camfield P., Camfield C., and Dooley J. Clobazam for refractory childhood seizure disorders--a valuable supplementary drug. Can J Neurol Sci 15 (1988) 406-408
94. Kilpatrick C., Bury R., Fullinfaw R., and Moulds R. Clobazam in the treatment of epilepsy. Clin Exp Neurol 23 (1987) 139-144
95. Scott DF, Moffett A. Clobazam as an adjunctive therapy in chronic epilepsy: clinical, psychological, and EEG assessment. In: Hindmarch I, Stonier PD, Trimble MR, eds. Clobazam: human psychopharmacology and clinical application. R Soc Med Int Congr Symp Ser No 74: 181-187
96. Scott D.F., and Moffett A. The long-term effect of clobazam as adjunctive therapy in epilepsy. Acta Neurol Scand 77 (1988) 498-502
97. Wolf P. Clobazam in drug-resistant patients with complex focal seizures---reports of an open study. In: Hindmarch I, Stonier Pd, Trimble MR, eds. Clobazam: Human Psychopharmacology and Clinical Application. R Soc Med Int Congr Symp Ser No 74:161-171
98. Allen JW, Jawad S, Oxley J, Trimble M. A long-term study of the efficacy of clobazam as an antiepileptic drug. Short report. In: Hindmarch I, Stonier Pd, Trimble MR, eds. Clobazam: Human Psychopharmacology and Clinical Application. R Soc Med Int Congr Symp Ser No 74:139-140
99. Shimizu H., Abe J., Futagi Y., et al. Antiepileptic effects of clobazam in children. Brain Dev 4 (1982) 57-62
100. Martin AA. Clobazam in resistant epilepsy---long term study. In: Hindmarch I, Stonier PD, Trimble MR, eds. Clobazam: human psychopharmacology and clinical application. R Soc Med Int Congr Symp Ser No 74:137-138
101. Martin AA. The anti-epileptic effects of clobazam: a long-term study in resistant epilepsy. In: Hindmarch I, Stonier PD, Trimble MR, eds. Clobazam. R Soc Med Int Congr Symp Ser No 43:151-157
102. Dulac O., Figueroa D., Rey E., and Arthuis M. Monotherapy with clobazam in epilepsies in children. [in French]. Presse Med 12 (1983) 1067-1069
103. Plouin P, Jalin C. EEG changes in epileptic children treated with clobazam as monotherapy. In: Hindmarch I, Stonier PD, Trimble MR, eds. Clobazam: human psychopharmacology and clinical application. R Soc Med Int Congr Symp Ser No. 74:191-197
104. Singh A., Guberman A.H., and Boisvert D. Clobazam in long-term epilepsy treatment: sustained responders versus those developing tolerance. Epilepsia 36 (1995) 798-803
105. Montenegro M.A., Cendes F., Noronha A.L., et al. Efficacy of clobazam as add-on therapy in patients with refractory partial epilepsy. Epilepsia 42 (2001) 539-542
106. Michelucci R., and Tassinari C.A. Benzodiazepines: adverse effects. In: Levy R.H., Mattson R.H., Meldrum B.S., and Perucca E. (Eds). Antiepileptic drugs. 5th ed. (2002), Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA 215-223
107. Bawden H.N., Camfield C.S., Camfield P.R., et al., Canadian Study Group for Childhood Epilepsy. The cognitive and behavioural effects of clobazam and standard monotherapy are comparable. Epilepsy Res 33 (1999) 133-143
108. Cocks A, Critchley EMR, Hayward HW, Thomas D. The effects of clobazam on the blood levels of sodium valproate. Clobazam: human psychopharmacology and clinical applications. R Soc Med Int Congr Symp Ser No 74:155-157.
109. Theis J.G., Koren G., Daneman R., et al. Interactions of clobazam with conventional antiepileptics in children. J Child Neurol 12 (1997) 208-213