Genetic structure of Artemisia pancicii populations inferred from AFLP and cpDNA data

Preslia

Volumn 84, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 97-120

  Kitner, Miloslav ^a   Majeský, L'uboš ^a   Gillová, Lenka ^b   Vymyslický, Tomáš ^c   Nagler, Matthias ^d,e  

^a PALACKÝ UNIVERSITY   (Czech Republic)

^b Nature Conservation Agency of the Czech Republic   (Czech Republic)

^c Agricultural Research Ltd   (Czech Republic)

^d Faculty of Life Sciences   (Austria)

^e Faculty of Life Sciences   (Austria)

Author keywords

AFLP; Artemisia pancicii; Chloroplast DNA; Conservation; Endangered species; Genetic variability

Indexed keywords

CHLOROPLAST; CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT; DATA SET; DISEASE PREVALENCE; DNA; ENDANGERED SPECIES; FRAGMENTATION; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; GENETIC DRIFT; GENETIC STRUCTURE; HERB; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; POLYMORPHISM; POPULATION STRUCTURE; RELATEDNESS; SELF INCOMPATIBILITY; VARIANCE ANALYSIS; VISUALIZATION;

CENTRAL EUROPE;

ARTEMISIA; ARTEMISIA PANCICII;

EID: 84856722927     PISSN: 00327786     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (110)

1. Alleaume-Benharira M., Pen I. R. & Ronce O. (2006): Geographical patterns of adaptation within a species' range: interactions between drift and gene flow. - J. Evol. Biol. 19: 203-215.
2. Allphin L.,Windham M. D. & Harper K. T. (1998): Genetic diversity and gene flowin the endangered bear poppy, Arctomecon humilis (Papaveraceae). - Am. J. Bot. 85: 1251-1261.
3. European Topic Centre on Biological Diversity (2009): Habitats Directive Article 17 reporting: Artemisia pancicii. - European Environment Agency, Brussels, URL: [http://eea.eionet.europa.eu/Public/irc/eionet-circle/ habitats-art17report/library?l=/datasheets/species/plants/plants/ artemisia-panciciipdf/-EN-1.0-&a=d]
4. Avise J. C. (1994): Molecular markers, natural history and evolution. - Chapman and Hall, New York.
5. Baker H. G. (1955): Self-compatibility and establishment after "long-distance" dispersal. - Evolution 9: 347-348.
6. Bettin O., Cornejo C., Edwards P. J. &Holderegger R. (2007): Phylogeography of the high alpine Senecio halleri (Asteraceae) in the European Alps: in situ glacial survival with postglacial stepwise dispersal into peripheral areas. - Mol. Ecol. 16: 2517-2524. (Pubitemid 46897134)
7. Boža P. (1999): Artemisia pancicii (Janka) Ronniger subsp. pancicii. - In: Stevanovi V. (ed.), Crvena knjiga flore Srbije 1. [Red Book of Flora of Serbia I], p. 141-142, 444, Ministarstvo za životnu sredinu R. Srbije, Biološki fakultet Univ. u Beogradu i Zavod za zaštitu prirode R. Srbije, Beograd.
8. Bremer K. (1994): Asteraceae. Cladistics and classification. - Timber Press, Portland.
9. Brewbaker J. L. (1957): Pollen cytology and self-incompatibility systems in plants. - J. Hered. 48: 271-277.
10. Brewbaker J. L. (1967): The distribution and phylogenetic significance of binucleate and trinucleate pollen grains in the angiosperms. - Am. J. Bot. 54: 1069-1083.
11. Bulová T. (2002): Biologie, ekologie a rozšíř ení druhů Artemisia pancicii, Cardamine parviflora, a Gladiolus palustris na Moravě [Biology, ecology and distribution of Artemisia pancicii, Cardamine parviflora and Gladiolus palustris in Moravia]. - Master thesis, Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno.
12. Chiarugi A. (1926): Aposporia apogamia in Artemisia nitida Bertol. - Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 33: 501-626.
13. Clement M., Posada D. & Crandall K. A. (2000): TCS: a computer program to estimate gene genealogies. - Mol. Ecol. 9: 1657-1660.
14. Corander J., Marttinen P. & Mäntyniemi S. (2006): Bayesian identification of stock mixture from molecular marker data. - Fish Bull. 104: 550-558.
15. Charlesworth B. (1980): The cost of sex in relation to mating system. - J. Theor. Biol. 84: 655-671. (Pubitemid 11235417)
16. Chung M. G. & Kang S. S. (1996): Comparisons of genetic diversity in a narrow endemic, Impatiens hypophylla, and in its widespread congener, I. textori (Balsaminaceae). - Nord. J. Bot. 16: 359-365. (Pubitemid 27155292)
17. Crow J. F. & Aoki K. (1984): Group selection for a polygenic behavioral trait: estimating the degrees of population subdivision. - Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81: 6073-6077. (Pubitemid 15219595)
18. Danihelka J. (1995): O druhu Artemisia pancicii v České republice a příbuzných taxonech [On the species Artemisia pancicii in the Czech Republic and related taxa]. - Zpr. Čes. Bot. Společ. 30: 81-90.
19. de Lange P. J. & Norton D. A. (2004): The ecology and conservation of Kunzea sinclairii (Myrtaceae), a naturally rare plant of rhyolitic rock outcrops. - Biol. Cons. 117: 49-59. (Pubitemid 38157653)
20. Dole J. (1992): Reproductive assurance mechanisms in three taxa of the Mimulus guttatus complex (Scrophularlaceae). - Am. J. Bot. 79: 650-659.
21. Ehrendorfer F. (1964): Notizen zur Cytotaxonomie und Evolution der Gattung Artemisia. - Österr. Bot. Z. 111: 84-142.
22. Ehrich D. (2006): AFLPdat: a collection of R functions for convenient handling of AFLP data. - Mol. Ecol. Notes 6: 603-604. (Pubitemid 44252552)
23. Ehrich D., Gaudeul M., Assefa A., Koch M., Mummenhoff K., Nemomissa S., IntraBiodiv Consortium & Brochmann C. (2007): Genetic consequences of Pleistocene range shifts: contrast between the Arctic, the Alps and the East African mountains. - Mol. Ecol. 16: 2542-2559. (Pubitemid 46897140)
24. Eriksson O. (1996): Regional dynamics of plants: a review of evidence for remnant, source-sink and metapopulations. - Oikos 77: 248-258.
25. Ellmauer T. (ed.) (2005): Entwicklung von Kriterien, Indikatoren und Schwellenwerten zur Beurteilung des Erhaltungszustandes der Natura 2000-Schutzgüter. Band 4: Populäre Schutzobjekt-Steckbriefe. - Umweltbundesamt GmbH, Vienna.
26. Ellstrand N. C. & Elam D. R. (1993): Population genetic consequences of small population size: implications for plant conservation. - Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 24: 217-242.
27. Evanno G., Regnaut S. & Goudet J. (2005): Detecting the number of clusters of individuals using the software STRUCTURE: a simulation study. - Mol. Ecol. 14: 2611-2620. (Pubitemid 40886055)
28. Falush D., Stephens M. & Pritchard J. K. (2007): Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data: dominant markers and null alleles. - Mol. Ecol. Notes 7: 574-578. (Pubitemid 47035522)
29. Felsenstein J. (1985): Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. - Evolution 39: 783-791.
30. Fenster C. B. & Galloway L. F. (2000): Inbreeding and outbreeding depression in natural populations of Chamaecrista fasciculata (Fabaceae): consequences for conservation biology. - Cons. Biol. 14: 1406-1412.
31. Fischer M. & Matthies D. (1997): Mating structure, and inbreeding and outbreeding depression in the rare plant Gentianella germanica (Gentianaceae). - Am. J. Bot. 84: 1685-1692. (Pubitemid 28031052)
32. Friedman J. & Orshan G. (1975): The distribution, emergence and survival of seedlings of Artemisia herba-alba Asso, in the Negev desert of Israel, in relation to distance from adult plants. - J. Ecol. 63: 627-632.
33. Garcia A. A. F., Benchimol L. L., Barbosa A. M. M., Geraldi I. O., Souza Jr. C. L. & DeSouza A. P. (2004): Comparison of RAPD, RFLP, AFLP and SSR markers for diversity studies in tropical maize inbred lines. - Genet. Mol. Biol. 27: 1414-1427.
34. Gaston K. J. & Kunin W. E. (1997): Rare-common differences: an overview. - In: Kunin W. E. & Gaston K. J. (eds), The biology of rarity: causes and consequences of rare-common differences, p. 12-29, Chapman & Hall, London.
35. GitzendannerM. A. & Soltis P. S. (2000): Patterns of genetic variation in rare and widespread plant congeners. - Am. J. Bot. 87: 783-792. (Pubitemid 30411115)
36. Gong X., Luan S. S., Hung K. H., Hwang C. C., Lin C. J., Chiang Y. C. & Chiang T. Y. (2011): Population structure of Nouelia insignis (Asteraceae), an endangered species in southwestern China, based on chloroplast DNA sequences: recent demographic shrinking. - J. Pl. Res. 124: 221-230.
37. Grulich V. (2004): Artemisia pancicii Danihelka et Marhold. - In: Slavík B. & Štěpánková J. (eds), Květena České republiky [Flora of the Czech Republic] 7: 172, Academia, Praha.
38. Hamrick J. L. & Godt M. J. W. (1989): Allozyme diversity in plant species. - In: Brown A. D. H., Clegg M. T., Kahler A. L. & Weir B. S. (eds), Plant population genetics, breeding, and genetic resources, p. 304-319, Sinauer, Sunderland.
39. Harrison S. & Hastings A. M. (1996): Genetic and evolutionary consequences of metapopulation structure. - Trends Ecol. Evol. 11: 180-183. (Pubitemid 126403408)
40. Harrison S., Viers J. H., Thorne J. H. & Grace J. B. (2008): Favorable environments and the persistence of naturally rare species. - Cons. Lett. 1: 65-74.
41. Hayat M. Q., Ashraf M., Khan M. A., Mahmood T., Ahmad M. & Jabeen S. (2009): Phylogeny of Artemisia L.: recent developments. - Afr. J. Biotechnol. 8: 2423-2428.
42. Hedrick P. W. (2001): Conservation genetics: where are we now? - Trends Ecol. Evol. 16: 629-636. (Pubitemid 32947023)
43. Holsinger K. E. (2000): Reproductive systems and evolution in vascular plants. - Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97: 7037-7042. (Pubitemid 30431413)
44. Holub J. & Grulich V. (1999): Artemisia pancicii (Janka) Ronn. - In: Čeřovský J., Feráková V., Holub J., Maglocký S. & Procházka F. (eds), Červená kniha ohrožených a vzácných druhů rostlin a živočichů ČR a SR 5, Vyšší rostliny [Red data book of threatened plants and animals of the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic 5. Higher plants], p. 43, Príroda, Bratislava.
45. Honnay O., Coart E., Butaye J., Adriaens D., van Glabeke S. & Roldán-Ruiz I. (2006): Low impact of present and historical landscape configuration on the genetics of fragmented Anthyllis vulneraria populations. - Biol. Conserv. 127: 411-419. (Pubitemid 41745546)
46. Honnay O., Adriaens D., Coart E., Jacquemyn H. & Roldan-Ruiz I. (2007): Genetic diversity within and between remnant populations of the endangered calcareous grassland plant Globularia bisnagarica L. - Cons. Genet. 8: 293-303. (Pubitemid 46355116)
47. Huenneke L. F. (1991): Ecological implications of genetic variation in plant populations. - In: Falk D. A. & Holsinger K. E. (eds), Genetics and conservation of rare plants, p. 31-44, Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford.
48. Jäger E. J. (1987): Biologie, Chorologie und Ursachen des Reliktcharakters von Artemisia laciniata Willd. und Artemisia rupestris L. im herzynischen Gebiet. - Hercynia 24: 425-436. (Pubitemid 19317630)
49. Jakobsson M. & Rosenberg N. A. (2007): CLUMPP: a cluster matching and permutation program for dealing with label switching and multimodality in analysis of population structure. - Bioinformatics 23: 1801-1806. (Pubitemid 47250313)
50. Jump A. S., Marchant R. & Peńuelas J. (2009): Environmental change and the option value of genetic diversity. - Trends Plant Sci. 14: 51-58.
51. Kitner M., Lebeda A., Doležalová I., Maras M., Křístková E., Beharav A., Nevo E., Pavlíček T. & Meglic V. (2008): AFLP analysis of Lactuca saligna germplasm collections from four European and three Middle East countries. - Israel J. Pl. Sci. 56: 185-193.
52. Korobkov A. A. (1992): Polyn' - Artemisia L. - In: Charkevič S. S. (ed.), Sosudistye rastenija sovetskogo Dal'nego Vostoka 6 [Vascular plants of the Soviet Far East 6], p. 120-161, Sankt-Petersburg.
53. Kučera J., Tremetsberger K., Vojta J. & Marhold K. (2008): Molecular study of the Cardamine maritima group (Brassicaceae) from the Balkan and Apennine Peninsulas based on amplified fragment length polymorphism. - Pl. Syst. Evol. 275: 193-207.
54. Kump B. & Javornik B. (1996): Evaluation of genetic variability among common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) populations by RAPD markers. - Pl. Sci. 114: 149-158.
55. Kunin W. E. & Gaston K. J. (1993): The biology of rarity: patterns, causes, and consequences. - Trends Ecol. Evol. 8: 298-301. (Pubitemid 24410268)
56. Lande R. (1993): Risks of population extinction from demographic and environmental stochasticity and random catastrophes. - Am. Nat. 142: 911-928.
57. Lienert J., Fischer M., Schneller J. & Diemer M. (2002): Isozyme variability of the wetland specialist Swertia perennis (Gentianaceae) in relation to habitat size, isolation, and plant fitness. - Am. J. Bot. 89: 801-811. (Pubitemid 34527544)
58. Luijten S. H.,Kéry M., Oostermeijer J. G. B. & den Nijs H. C. M. (2002): Demographic consequences of inbreeding and out-breeding in Arnica montana: a field experiment. - J. Ecol. 90: 593-603.
59. Mantel N. (1967): The detection of disease clustering and a generalized regression approach. - Cancer Res. 27: 209-220.
60. McArthur E. D. & Plummer A. P. (1978): Biogeography and management of native western shrubs: a case study, section Tridentatae of Artemisia. - Great Basin Nat. Mem. 2: 229-243.
61. Meudt H. M. & Clarke A. C. (2007): Almost forgotten or latest practice? AFLP applications, analysis and advances. - Trends P. Sci. 12: 106-117. (Pubitemid 46389498)
62. Meusel H. & Jäger E. J. (1992): Vergleichende Chorologie der zentraleuropäischen Flora. Band III. - Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena-Stuttgart, New York.
63. Mix C., Arens P. F, Rengelink R., Smulders M. J., van Groenendael J. M. & Ouborg N. J. (2006): Regional gene flow and population structure of the wind-dispersed plant species Hypochaeris radicata (Asteraceae) in an agricultural landscape. - Mol. Ecol. 15: 1749-1758. (Pubitemid 43725663)
64. Mráz P., Gaudeul M., Rioux D., Gielly L., Choler P. & Taberlet P. (2007): Genetic structure of Hypochaeris uniflora (Asteraceae) suggests vicariance in the Carpathians and rapid post-glacial colonization of the Alps from an Eastern Alpine refugium. - J. Biogeogr. 34: 2100-2114. (Pubitemid 350126001)
65. Nagylaki T. (1976): The evolution of one- and two-locus systems. - Genetics 83: 583-600.
66. Nagler M. (2010): Standorte undVergesellschaftung von Artemisia pancicii in Österreich. - Diploma thesis, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna.
67. Nei M. (1978): The theory of genetic distance and evolution of human races. - Japan. J. Human Genet. 23: 341-369. (Pubitemid 9120123)
68. Nordborg M., Hu T. T., IshinoY., Jhaveri J., Toomajian C., Zheng H., Bakker E., Calabrese P., Gladstone J., Goyal R., Jakobsson M., Kim S., Morozov Y., Padhukasahasram B., Plagnol V., Rosenberg N. A., Shah C., Wall J. D.,Wang J., Zhao K., Kalbfleisch T., Schulz V., Kreitman M. & Bergelson J. (2005): The pattern of polymorphism in Arabidopsis thaliana. - PLoS Biol. 3: e196.
69. Noyes R. D. (2007): Apomixis in the Asteraceae: diamonds in the rough. - Funct. Plant Sci. Biotechnol. 1: 207-222.
70. Oostermeijer J. G. B, Luijten S. H. & den Nijs J. C. M. (2003): Integrating demographic and genetic approaches in plant conservation. - Biol. Cons. 113: 389-398. (Pubitemid 36990608)
71. Page R. D. M. (1996):TREEVIEW:An application to display phylogenetic trees on personal computers. - Comp. Appl. Biosci. 12: 357-358.
72. Parker E. D. Jr. (1979): Ecological implications of clonal diversity in parthenogenetic morphospecies. - Am. Zool. 19: 753-762.
73. Paun O., Schönswetter P.,Winkler M., IntraBioDiv Consortium & Tribsch A. (2008): Historical divergence versus contemporary gene flow: evolutionary history of the calcicole Ranunculus alpestris group (Ranunculaceae) in the European Alps and the Carpathians. - Mol. Ecol. 17: 4263-4275.
74. Pavlíček B. A., Hrdá S. & Flegr J. (1999): FreeTree: freeware program for construction of phylogenetic trees on the basis of distance data and bootstrap/jackknife analysis of the tree robustness: application in the RAPD analysis of the genus Frenkelia. - Folia Biol. 45: 97-99. (Pubitemid 29224957)
75. Peakall R. & Smouse P. E. (2006):GENALEX 6: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research. - Mol. Ecol. Notes 6: 288-295. (Pubitemid 43373825)
76. Probatova N. S., Korobkov A. A., Gnutikov A. A., Rudyka E. G., Kotseruba V. V. & Seledets V. P. (2010): [Chromosome count for Artemisia armeniaca]. - In: Marhold K. & Breitwieser I. (eds), IAPT/IOPB chromosome data 10, Taxon 59: 1934-1938.
77. Rabinowitz D. (1981): Seven forms of rarity. - In: Synge H. (ed.), The biological aspects of rare plant conservation, p. 205-217, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
78. Rahimmalek M., Tabatabaei B. E. S., Arzani A. & Etemadi N. (2009): Assessment of genetic diversity among and within Achillea species using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). - Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 37: 354-361.
79. Richards A. J. (1986): Plant breeding systems. - George Allen & Unwin, London.
80. Rohlf F. J. (1998): NTSYS-pc. Numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system. - Applied Biostatistics Inc., New York.
81. Rosenberg N. A. (2004): Distruct: a program for the graphical display of population structure. - Mol. Ecol. Notes 4: 137-138. (Pubitemid 38261335)
82. Rotreklová O., Bureš P. & Grulich V. (2004): Chromosome numbers for some species of vascular plants from Europe. - Biologia 59: 425-433. (Pubitemid 39365154)
83. Russell R. J., Fuller J. D., Macaulay M., Hats B. G., Jahoor A., PowellW. & Waugh R. (1997): Direct comparison of levels of genetic variation among barley accessions detected by RFLPs, AFLPs, SSRs and RAPDs. - Theor. Appl. Genet. 95: 714-722. (Pubitemid 27433978)
84. Schaal B. A. & Leverich W. J. (1996): Molecular variation in isolated plant populations. - Pl. Spec. Biol. 11: 33-40. (Pubitemid 27126372)
85. Schaffer M. L. (1987): Minimum viable populations: coping with uncertainty. - In: Soulé M. E. (ed.),Viable populations for conservation, p. 69-86, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.
86. Schemske D. S., Husband B. C., Ruckelshaus M. H., Goodvillie C., Parker I. M. & Bishop J. C. (1994): Evaluating approaches to the conservation of rare and endangered plants. - Ecology 75: 584-606. (Pubitemid 2071271)
87. Schmidt K. & Jensen K. (2000): Genetic structure and AFLP variation of remnant populations in the rare plant Pedicularis palustris (Scrophulariaceae) and its relation to population size and reproductive components. - Am. J. Bot. 87: 678-689.
88. Slatkin M. (1987): Gene flow and the geographic structure of natural populations. - Science 236: 787-792. (Pubitemid 17071150)
89. Schönswetter P. & Tribsch A. (2005): Vicariance and dispersal in the alpine perennial Bupleurum stellatum L. (Apiaceae). - Taxon 54: 725-732.
90. Taberlet P., Gielly L., Pautou G. & Bouvet J. (1991): Universal primers for amplification of three non-coding regions of chloroplast DNA. - Pl. Mol. Biol. 17: 1105-1109.
91. Tamura K., Dudley J., Nei M. & Kumar S. (2007): MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. - Mol. Biol. Evol. 24: 1596-1599. (Pubitemid 47236692)
92. Thines M., Runge F., Telle S. & Voglmayr H. (2010): Phylogenetic investigations in the downy mildew genus Bremia reveal several distinct lineages and a species with a presumably exceptional wide host range. - Eur. J. Pl. Pathol. 128: 81-89.
93. Thompson J. D. (1999): Population differentiation in Mediterranean plants: insights into colonization history and the evolution and conservation of endemic species. - Heredity 82: 229-236. (Pubitemid 29198503)
94. Torre A., Lopez S., Yglesias E. & Cornelius J. P. (2008): Genetic (AFLP) diversity of nine Cedrela odorata populations in Madre de Dios, southern Peruvian Amazon. - For. Ecol. Manag. 255: 334-339. (Pubitemid 351215747)
95. Torrell M., Bosch M., Martín J. & Vallčs J. (1999): Cytogenetic and isozymic characterization of the narrow endemic species Artemisisa molinieri (Asteraceae, Anthemideae): implications for its systematics and conservation. - Can. J. Bot. 77: 51-60. (Pubitemid 30254503)
96. Torrell M., Vallčs J., Garcia-Jacas N., Mozaffarian V. & Gabrielian E. (2001): New or rare chromosome counts in the genus Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) from Armenia and Iran. - Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 135: 51-60. (Pubitemid 32192103)
97. Tutin T. G., Heywood V. H., Burges N. A., Moore D. M.,Valentine D. H., Walters S. M. & Webb D. A. (eds) (1976): Flora Europaea, Volume 4: Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae). - Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.
98. Vallčs J. & McArthur E. D. (2001): Artemisia systematics and phylogeny: cytogenetic and molecular insights. - In: McArthur E. D. & Fairbanks D. J. (eds), Proceedings of Shrubland ecosystem genetics and biodiversity, 13-15 June 2000, Provo, Utah, p. 67-74, US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Ogden.
99. Vallejo-Marín M. & O'Brien H. E. (2007): Correlated evolution of self-incompatibility and clonal reproduction in Solanum (Solanaceae). - New Phytol. 173: 415-421. (Pubitemid 44953364)
100. van Dijk P. J. (2003): Ecological and evolutionary opportunities of apomixis: insights from Taraxacum and Chondrilla. - Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London B358: 1113-1120.
101. Vos P., Hogers R., Bleeker M., Reijans M., van de Lee T., Hornes M., Frijters A., Pot J., Peleman J., Kuiper M. & Zabeau M. (1995): AFLP: a new technique for DNA fingerprinting. - Nucl. Acids Res. 23: 4407-4414.
102. WangW., Chen L., Yang P., Hou L., He C., Gu Z. & Liu Z. (2007): Assessing genetic diversity of populations of topmouth culter (Culter alburnus) in China using AFLP markers. - Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 35: 662-669. (Pubitemid 47211601)
103. Waser N. M. & Price M. V. (1994): Crossing-distance effects in Delphinium nelsonii: outbreeding and inbreeding depression in progeny fitness. - Evolution 48: 842-852.
104. Wendelberger G. (1959): Die mitteleuropäischen Reliktvorkommen der Artemisia-Arten aus der Sektion Heterophyllae. - Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 98/99: 57-95.
105. Wendelberger G. (1960): Die Sektion Heterophyllae der Gattung Artemisia. - Bibliotheca Botanica 125, Stuttgart.
106. Weising K., Nybom H., Wolff K. & Günter K. (2005): DNA Fingerprinting in plants principles, methods, and applications, Ed. 2. - CRC Press, Boca Raton.
107. Whitacre M. K. & Call C. A. (2006): Recovery and germinability of native seed fed to cattle. -West. N. Am. Nat. 66: 121-128. (Pubitemid 43289963)
108. Wright S. (1951): The genetic structure of populations. - Ann. Eugen. 15: 323-354.
109. Wróblewska A., Brzosko E., Chudzińska E., Bordács S. & Prokopiv A. I. (2010): Cytotype distribution and colonization history of the steppe plant Iris aphylla. - Ann. Bot. Fennici 47: 23-33.
110. Young J., LonglandW. & Blank R. (1996): Management of woody species of Artemisia in western North America. - In: Caligari P. & Hind D. (eds), Compositae: biology and utilization, p. 271-290, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.