School Context Protective Factors Against Peer Ethnic Discrimination Across the High School Years

American Journal of Community Psychology

Volumn 49, Issue 1-2, 2012, Pages 98-111

  Bellmore, Amy ^a   Nishina, Adrienne ^b   You, Ji In ^a   Ma, Ting Lan ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Adolescence; Ethnic discrimination; Peers; School context

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; AFRICAN AMERICAN; ARTICLE; ASIAN AMERICAN; CAUCASIAN; CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY; FEMALE; HISPANIC; HUMAN; MALE; PEER GROUP; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; RACE; SCHOOL; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL DOMINANCE; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; SOCIAL PROBLEM; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; STUDENT; UNITED STATES;

ADOLESCENT; AFRICAN AMERICANS; ASIAN AMERICANS; CONTINENTAL POPULATION GROUPS; CULTURAL DIVERSITY; EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; FEMALE; HIERARCHY, SOCIAL; HISPANIC AMERICANS; HUMANS; MALE; PEER GROUP; PREJUDICE; RACE RELATIONS; SCHOOLS; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; SOCIAL IDENTIFICATION; STUDENTS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84856646145     PISSN: 00910562     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10464-011-9443-0     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Altinyelken, H. (2009). Migration and self-esteem: A qualitative study among internal migrant girls in Turkey. Adolescence, 44, 149-163.
2. Bellmore, A., Nishina, A., & Graham, S. (2011). Peer popularity in the context of ethnicity. In A. H. N. Cillessen, D. Schwartz, & L. Mayeux (Eds.), Popularity in the peer system (pp. 193-215). New York, NY: Guilford.
3. Bellmore, A. D., Witkow, M. R., Graham, S., & Juvonen, J. (2004). Beyond the individual: The impact of ethnic context and classroom behavioral norms on victims' adjustment. Developmental Psychology, 40, 1159-1172.
4. Benner, A. D., & Graham, S. (in press). Latino adolescents' experiences of discrimination across the first two years of high school: Correlates and influences on educational outcomes. Child Development.
5. Brewer, C. A., & Suchan, T. A. (2001). Mapping Census 2000: The geography of U. S. diversity [Electronic version]. (U. S. Census Bureau, Census Special Reports, Series CENSR/01-1). Washington, DC: U. S. Government Printing Office.
6. Brody, G., Chen, Y., Murray, V., Ge, X., Simons, R., Gibbons, F., et al. (2006). Perceived discrimination and the adjustment of African American youths: A Five-Year longitudinal analysis with contextual moderation effects. Child Development, 77, 1170-1189. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1467-8624. 2006. 00927. x.
7. Brown, B. (2004). Adolescents' relationships with peers. Handbook of adolescent psychology (2nd ed., pp. 363-394). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
8. Brown, C. S., & Bigler, R. S. (2005). Children's perceptions of discrimination: A developmental model. Child Development, 76, 533-553.
9. Chavous, T. M., Rivas-Drake, D., Smalls, C., Griffin, T., & Cogburn, C. (2008). Gender matters, too: The influences of school racial discrimination and racial identity on academic engagement outcomes among African American adolescents. Developmental Psychology, 44, 637-654.
10. Costigan, C., Hua, J., & Su, T. (2010). Living up to expectations: The strengths and challenges experienced by Chinese Canadian Students. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 25, 223-245. doi: 10. 1177/0829573510368941.
11. Fisher, C. B., Wallace, S. A., & Fenton, R. E. (2000). Discrimination distress during adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 29, 679-695.
12. Goetz, J., & Breneman, E. (1988). Desegregation and Black students' experiences in two rural southern elementary schools. The Elementary School Journal, 88, 489-502. doi: 10. 1086/461552.
13. Graham, S., Bellmore, A., Nishina, A., & Juvonen, J. (2009). "It must be me": Ethnic diversity and attributions for peer victimization. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38, 487-499.
14. Graham, S., & Juvonen, J. (2002). Ethnicity, peer harassment, and adjustment in middle school: An exploratory study. Journal of Early Adolescence, 22, 173-199.
15. Green, C., Adams, A., & Turner, C. (1988). Development and validation of the School Interracial Climate Scale. American Journal of Community Psychology, 16, 241-259. doi: 10. 1007/BF00912525.
16. Greene, M. L., Way, N., & Pahl, K. (2006). Trajectories of perceived adult and peer discrimination among Black, Latino, and Asian American adolescents: Patterns and psychological correlates. Developmental Psychology, 42, 218-238.
17. Grossman, J., & Liang, B. (2008). Discrimination distress among Chinese American adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 37(1), 1-11. doi: 10. 1007/s10964-007-9215-1.
18. Hallinan, M. T. (1982). Classroom racial composition and children's friendships. Social Forces, 61, 56-72.
19. Juang, L. P., & Cookston, J. T. (2009). Acculturation, discrimination, and depressive symptoms among Chinese American adolescents: A longitudinal study. Journal of Primary Prevention, 30, 475-496.
20. Juvonen, J., Nishina, A., & Graham, S. (2006). Ethnic diversity and perceptions of safety in urban middle schools. Psychological Science, 17, 393-400.
21. LaFontana, K., & Cillessen, A. (2010). Developmental changes in the priority of perceived status in childhood and adolescence. Social Development, 19, 130-147. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1467-9507. 2008. 00522. x.
22. Mattison, E., & Aber, M. (2007). Closing the achievement gap: The association of racial climate with achievement and behavioral outcomes. American Journal of Community Psychology, 40, 1-12. doi: 10. 1007/s10464-007-9128-x.
23. Moody, J. (2001). Race, school integration, and friendship segregation in America. American Journal of Sociology, 107, 679-716.
24. Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2007). Mplus user's guide (5th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.
25. Nishina, A., Bellmore, A., Witkow, M. R., & Nylund-Gibson, K. (2010). Longitudinal consistency of adolescent ethnic identification across varying school ethnic contexts. Developmental Psychology, 46, 1389-1401. doi: 10. 1037/a0020728.
26. Perreira, K., Fuligni, A., & Potochnick, S. (2010). Fitting in: The roles of social acceptance and discrimination in shaping the academic motivations of Latino youth in the U. S. Southeast. Journal of Social Issues, 66, 131-153. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1540-4560. 2009. 01637. x.
27. Phinney, J. S. (1990). Ethnic identity in adolescents and adults: Review of research. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 499-514.
28. Qin, D., Way, N., & Mukherjee, P. (2008). The other side of the model minority story: The familial and peer challenges faced by Chinese American adolescents. Youth & Society, 39, 480-506. doi: 10. 1177/0044118X08314233.
29. Raudenbush, S. W., & Bryk, A. S. (2002). Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
30. Raudenbush, S. W., Bryk, A. S., & Congdon, R. (2000). HLM for Windows. Version 6. Lincolnwood, IL: Scientific Software International, Inc.
31. Rivas-Drake, D., Hughes, D., & Way, N. (2009). A preliminary analysis of associations among ethnic racial socialization, ethnic discrimination, and ethnic identity among urban sixth graders. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 19, 558-584. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1532-7795. 2009. 00607. x.
32. Rosenbloom, S. R., & Way, N. (2004). Experiences of discrimination among African American, Asian American, and Latino adolescents in an urban high school. Youth & Society, 35, 420-451.
33. Seaton, E., Caldwell, C., Sellers, R., & Jackson, J. (2008). The prevalence of perceived discrimination among African American and Caribbean Black youth. Developmental Psychology, 44, 1288-1297. doi: 10. 1037/a0012747.
34. Simpson, E. H. (1949). Measurement of diversity. Nature, 163, 688.
35. Tsai, J. (2006). Xenophobia, Ethnic community, and immigrant youths' friendship network formation. Adolescence, 41, 285-298.
36. Verkuyten, M. (2003). Positive and negative self-esteem among ethnic minority early adolescents: Social and cultural sources and threats. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 32, 267-277. doi: 10. 1023/A: 1023032910627.