12.5-Gb/s operation with 0.29-V·cm VπL using silicon Mach-Zehnder modulator based-on forward-biased pin diode

Optics Express

Volumn 20, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 2911-2923

  Akiyama, Suguru ^a,c   Baba, Takeshi ^a,c   Imai, Masahiko ^a,c   Akagawa, Takeshi ^a,c   Takahashi, Masashi ^b,c   Hirayama, Naoki ^b,c   Takahashi, Hiroyuki ^a,c   Noguchi, Yoshiji ^b,c   Okayama, Hideaki ^a,c   Horikawa, Tsuyoshi ^b,c   Usuki, Tatsuya ^a,c  

^a PHOTONICS ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH ASSOCIATION PETRA   (Japan)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AIST   (Japan)

^c Institute for Photonics Electronics Convergence System Technology PECST   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BEAM PROPAGATION METHOD; DIGITAL FILTERS; IMPULSE RESPONSE; SEMICONDUCTING SILICON COMPOUNDS; SEMICONDUCTOR DIODES;

FILTER PARAMETER; FINITE-IMPULSE RESPONSE; FREQUENCY DOMAINS; HIGH-SPEED OPERATION; LARGE-SIGNAL MODULATION; MACH ZEHNDER MODULATOR; PIN DIODE; PRE-EMPHASIS; SIDE WALLS; WAVEGUIDE CORE;

LIGHT MODULATORS;

ARTICLE; COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN; EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; INSTRUMENTATION; INTERFEROMETRY; SEMICONDUCTOR; SIGNAL PROCESSING; TELECOMMUNICATION;

COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; EQUIPMENT FAILURE ANALYSIS; INTERFEROMETRY; SEMICONDUCTORS; SIGNAL PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; TELECOMMUNICATIONS;

EID: 84856505226     PISSN: None     EISSN: 10944087     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/OE.20.002911     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. A. F. Benner, M. Ignatowski, J. A. Kash, D. M. Kuchta, and M. B. Ritter, "Exploitation of optical interconnects in future server architectures," IBM J. Res. Develop. 49(4), 755-775(2005). (Pubitemid 41398418)
2. L. C. Kimerling, D. Ahn, A. B. Apsel, M. Beals, D. Carothers, Y.-K. Chen, T. Conway, D. M. Gill, M. Grove, C.-Y. Hong, M. Lipson, J. Liu, J. Michel, D. Pan, S. S. Patel, A. T. Pomerene, M. Rasras, D. K. Sparacin, K.-Y. Tu, A. E. White, and C. W. Wong, "Electronic-photonic integrated circuits on the CMOS platform," Proc. SPIE 6125, 612502, 612502-10(2006).
3. D. A. B. Miller, "Device requirements for optical interconnects to silicon chips," Proc. IEEE 97(7), 1166-1185(2009).
4. Y. Urino, T. Shimizu, M. Okano, N. Hatori, M. Ishizaka, T. Yamamoto, T. Baba, T. Akagawa, S. Akiyama, T. Usuki, D. Okamoto, M. Miura, M. Noguchi, J. Fujikata, D. Shimura, H. Okayama, T. Tsuchizawa, T. Watanabe, K. Yamada, S. Itabashi, E. Saito, T. Nakamura, and Y. Arakawa, "First demonstration of high density optical interconnects integrated with lasers, optical modulators and photodetectors on a single silicon substrate," in 37th European Conference and Exposition on Optical Communications, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2011), paper We.9. LeSaleve.4.
5. G. T. Reed, G. Mashanovich, F. Y. Gardes, and D. J. Thomson, "Silicon optical modulators," Nat. Photonics 4(8), 518-526(2010).
6. L. Liao, A. Liu, D. Rubin, J. Basak, Y. Chetrit, H. Nguyen, R. Cohen, N. Izhaky, and M. Paniccia, "40 Gbit/s silicon optical modulator for high speed applications," Electron. Lett. 43(22), 1196-1197(2007). (Pubitemid 47631710)
7. S. J. Spector, C. M. Sorace, M. W. Geis, M. E. Grein, J. U. Yoon, T. M. Lyszczarz, E. P. Ippen, and F. X. Kärtner, "Operation and optimization of silicon-diode-based optical modulators," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 16(1), 165-172(2010).
8. M. R. Watts, W. A. Zortman, D. C. Trotter, R. W. Young, and A. L. Lentine, "Low-voltage, compact, depletionmode, silicon Mach Zehnder modulator," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 16(1), 159-164(2010).
9. T.-Y. Liow, K.-W. Ang, Q. Fang, J.-F. Song, Y.-Z. Xiong, M.-B. Yu, G.-Q. Lo, and D.-L. Kwong, "Silicon modulators and germanium photodetectors on SOI: monolithic integration, compatibility and performance optimization," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 16(1), 307-315(2010).
10. D. J. Thomson, F. Y. Gardes, Y. Hu, G. Mashanovich, M. Fournier, P. Grosse, J.-M. Fedeli, and G. T. Reed, "High contrast 40Gbit/s optical modulation in silicon," Opt. Express 19(12), 11507-11516(2011).
11. A. Brimont, D. J. Thomson, P. Sanchis, J. Herrera, F. Y. Gardes, J. M. Fedeli, G. T. Reed, and J. Martí, "High speed silicon electro-optical modulators enhanced via slow light propagation," Opt. Express 19(21), 20876-20885(2011).
12. W. M. Green, M. J. Rooks, L. Sekaric, and Y. A. Vlasov, "Ultra-compact, low RF power, 10 Gb/s silicon Mach-Zehnder modulator," Opt. Express 15(25), 17106-17113(2007). (Pubitemid 350260570)
13. S. J. Spector, M. E. Grein, R. T. Schulein, M. W. Geis, J. U. Yoon, D. E. Lennon, F. Gan, F. X. Kartner, and T. M. Lyszczarz, "Compact carrier injection based Mach-Zehnder modulator in silicon," in Technical Digest of 2007 Integrated Photonics Research, ITuE5(2007).
14. S. Akiyama, T. Kurahashi, T. Baba, N. Hatori, T. Usuki, and T. Yamamoto, "A 1V peak-to-peak driven 10-Gbps slow-light silicon Mach-Zehnder modulator using cascaded ring resonators," Appl. Phys. Express 3(7), 072202(2010).
15. S. Akiyama, T. Baba, M. Imai, T. Akagawa, M. Takahashi, N. Hirayama, H. Takahashi, Y. Noguchi, H. Okayama, T. Horikawa, and T. Usuki, "12.5-Gb/s operation of efficient silicon modulator using side-wall grating waveguide," in Proceedings of 8th IEEE International Conference on Group IV Photonics paper WA4(2011).
16. K. Lee, D. J. Shin, H. Ji, K. Na, S. G. Kim, J. Bok, Y. You, S. Kim, I. Joe, S. D. Suh, J. Pyo, Y. Shin, K. Ha, Y. D. Park, and C. H. Chung, "10Gb/s silicon modulator based on bulk-silicon platform for DRAM optical interface," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2011), paper JThA033(2011).
17. H. C. Nguyen, Y. Sakai, M. Shinkawa, N. Ishikura, and T. Baba, "10 Gb/s operation of photonic crystal silicon optical modulators," Opt. Express 19(14), 13000-13007(2011).
18. L. Liao, D. Samara-Rubio, M. Morse, A. Liu, D. Hodge, D. Rubin, U. Keil, and T. Franck, "High speed silicon Mach-Zehnder modulator," Opt. Express 13(8), 3129-3135(2005). (Pubitemid 40899177)
19. H.-W. Chen, J. D. Peters, and J. E. Bowers, "Forty Gb/s hybrid silicon Mach-Zehnder modulator with low chirp," Opt. Express 19(2), 1455-1460(2011).
20. R. Ding, T. Baehr-Jones, Y. Liu, R. Bojko, J. Witzens, S. Huang, J. Luo, S. Benight, P. Sullivan, J.-M. Fedeli, M. Fournier, L. Dalton, A. Jen, and M. Hochberg, "Demonstration of a low V p L modulator with GHz bandwidth based on electro-optic polymer-clad silicon slot waveguides," Opt. Express 18(15), 15618-15623(2010).
21. Q. Xu, S. Manipatruni, B. Schmidt, J. Shakya, and M. Lipson, "12.5 Gbit/s carrier-injection-based silicon microring silicon modulators," Opt. Express 15(2), 430-436(2007). (Pubitemid 46168487)
22. S. Manipatruni, Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, J. Shakya, and M. Lipson, "High speed carrier injection 18 Gb/s silicon micro-ring electro-optic modulator," in Proceedings of LEOS2007 (IEEE 2007), 537-538.
23. J. Rosenberg, W. M. Green, A. Rylyakov, C. Schow, S. Assefa, B. G. Lee, C. Jahnes, and Y. Vlasov, "Ultra-lowvoltage micro-ring modulator integrated with a CMOS feed-forward equalization driver," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2011), paper OWQ4(2011).
24. P. Dong, S. Liao, H. Liang, W. Qian, X. Wang, R. Shafiiha, D. Feng, G. Li, X. Zheng, A. V. Krishnamoorthy, and M. Asghari, "High-speed and compact silicon modulator based on a racetrack resonator with a 1 V drive voltage," Opt. Lett. 35(19), 3246-3248(2010).
25. G. Li, X. Zheng, J. Yao, H. Thacker, I. Shubin, Y. Luo, K. Raj, J. E. Cunningham, and A. V. Krishnamoorthy, "25Gb/s 1V-driving CMOS ring modulator with integrated thermal tuning," Opt. Express 19(21), 20435-20443(2011).
26. J. Liu, M. Beals, A. Pomerene, S. Bernardis, R. Sun, J. Cheng, L. C. Kimerling, and J. Michel, "Waveguideintegrated, ultralow-energy GeSi electro-absorption modulators," Nat. Photonics 2(7), 433-437(2008).
27. N.-N. Feng, D. Feng, S. Liao, X. Wang, P. Dong, H. Liang, C.-C. Kung, W. Qian, J. Fong, R. Shafiiha, Y. Luo, J. Cunningham, A. V. Krishnamoorthy, and M. Asghari, "30GHz Ge electro-absorption modulator integrated with 3 μm silicon-on-insulator waveguide," Opt. Express 19(8), 7062-7067(2011).
28. J. Leuthold, W. Freude, J.-M. Brosi, R. Baets, P. Dumon, I. Biaggio, M. L. Scimeca, F. Diederich, B. Frank, and C. Koos, "Silicon organic hybrid technology-a platform for practical nonlinear optics," Proc. IEEE 97(7), 1304-1316(2009).
29. M. Xin, C. E. Png, S. T. Lim, V. Dixit, and A. J. Danner, "A high speed electro-optic phase shifter based on a polymer-infiltrated P-S-N diode capacitor," Opt. Express 19(15), 14354-14369(2011).