메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 729-744

The occurrence of adverse drug reactions reported for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medications in the pediatric population: A qualitative review of empirical studies

Author keywords

Adverse drug reactions; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Children; Pharmacovigilance

Indexed keywords

AMPHETAMINE; ATOMOXETINE; METHYLPHENIDATE; MODAFINIL; PLACEBO; REBOXETINE;

EID: 84856197485     PISSN: 11766328     EISSN: 11782021     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s26403     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (38)

References (57)
  • 1
    • 3042622074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical practice guideline: Treatment of the school-aged child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
    • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • American Academy of Pediatrics. Clinical practice guideline: treatment of the school-aged child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics. 2001;108(4):1033-1044.
    • (2001) Pediatrics , vol.108 , Issue.4 , pp. 1033-1044
  • 2
    • 84857191393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Medicines Agency, Doc. Ref. EMEA/431407/2007. London: European Medicines Agency; 2007. Available from:, Accessed October 31, 2011
    • European Medicines Agency. Meeting Highlights From the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use, 16-19 July 2007. Doc. Ref. EMEA/431407/2007. London: European Medicines Agency; 2007. Available from: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/ Press_release/2009/12/WC500017068.pdf. Accessed October 31, 2011.
    • Meeting Highlights From the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use, 16-19 July 2007
  • 3
    • 84856179353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, United States Food and Drug Administration, East Hanover, New Jersey: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; 2007. Available from:, Accessed October 31, 2011
    • Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, United States Food and Drug Administration. Ritalin®, Ritalin-SR®. East Hanover, New Jersey: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; 2007. Available from: http:// www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/010187s069,018029s040,021284s011lbl.pdf. Accessed October 31, 2011.
    • Ritalin®, Ritalin-SR®
  • 4
    • 33646891733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gaithersburg, MD: United States Food and Drug Administration, Drug Safety and Risk Management Advisory Committee; February 9, Available from:, Accessed July 18, 2011
    • Mosholder AD. Overview of ADHD and its pharmacotherapy. Gaithersburg, MD: United States Food and Drug Administration, Drug Safety and Risk Management Advisory Committee; February 9, 2006. Available from: http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/06/slides/2006-4202S1_01_FDA-mosholder.ppt. Accessed July 18, 2011.
    • (2006) Overview of ADHD and its pharmacotherapy
    • Mosholder, A.D.1
  • 5
    • 33845780695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence-based guidelines for management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adolescents and in adults: Recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology
    • Nutt DJ, Fone K, Asherson P, et al. Evidence-based guidelines for management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adolescents and in adults: recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology. J Psychopharmacol. 2007;21(1):10-41.
    • (2007) J Psychopharmacol , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 10-41
    • Nutt, D.J.1    Fone, K.2    Asherson, P.3
  • 6
    • 63849294768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large increase of the use of psychostimulants among youth in The Netherlands between 1996 and 2006
    • Trip AM, Visser ST, Kalverdijk LJ. Large increase of the use of psychostimulants among youth in The Netherlands between 1996 and 2006. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2009;67(4):466-468.
    • (2009) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.67 , Issue.4 , pp. 466-468
    • Trip, A.M.1    Visser, S.T.2    Kalverdijk, L.J.3
  • 7
    • 78649960541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The changing prevalence of attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder and methylphenidate prescriptions: A study of data from a random sample of insurees of the AOK Health Insurance Company in the German State of Hesse, 2000-2007
    • Schubert I, Köster I, Lehmkuhl G. The changing prevalence of attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder and methylphenidate prescriptions: a study of data from a random sample of insurees of the AOK Health Insurance Company in the German State of Hesse, 2000-2007. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2010;107(36):615-621.
    • (2010) Dtsch Arztebl Int , vol.107 , Issue.36 , pp. 615-621
    • Schubert, I.1    Köster, I.2    Lehmkuhl, G.3
  • 8
    • 35348844591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forskvivning av sentralstimulerende legemidler ved AD/HD i Nordland [Prescribing of stimulants for ADHD in Nordland County]
    • Article in Norwegian
    • Asheim H, Nilsen KB, Johansen K, et al. Forskvivning av sentralstimulerende legemidler ved AD/HD i Nordland [Prescribing of stimulants for ADHD in Nordland County]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2007;127:2360-2362. Article in Norwegian.
    • (2007) Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen , vol.127 , pp. 2360-2362
    • Asheim, H.1    Nilsen, K.B.2    Johansen, K.3
  • 9
    • 85047698290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent trends in the stimulant medication use among US children
    • Zuvekas SH, Vitiello B, Norquist GS. Recent trends in the stimulant medication use among US children. Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163(4):579-585.
    • (2006) Am J Psychiatry , vol.163 , Issue.4 , pp. 579-585
    • Zuvekas, S.H.1    Vitiello, B.2    Norquist, G.S.3
  • 10
    • 69949099185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis: Treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children with comorbid tic disorders
    • Bloch MH, Panza KE, Landeros-Weisenberger A, et al. Meta-analysis: treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children with comorbid tic disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2009;48(9):884-893.
    • (2009) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry , vol.48 , Issue.9 , pp. 884-893
    • Bloch, M.H.1    Panza, K.E.2    Landeros-Weisenberger, A.3
  • 11
    • 67649410690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opening the white boxes: The licensing documentation of efficacy and safety of psychotropic medicines for children
    • Aagaard L, Thirstrup S, Hansen EH. Opening the white boxes: the licensing documentation of efficacy and safety of psychotropic medicines for children. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2009;18(5):401-411.
    • (2009) Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf , vol.18 , Issue.5 , pp. 401-411
    • Aagaard, L.1    Thirstrup, S.2    Hansen, E.H.3
  • 12
    • 34247257281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and tolerability of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (NRP-104) in children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: A phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, forced-dose, parallel-group study
    • Biederman J, Krishnan S, Zhang Y, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (NRP-104) in children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: a phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, forced-dose, parallel-group study. Clin Ther. 2007;29(3):450-463.
    • (2007) Clin Ther , vol.29 , Issue.3 , pp. 450-463
    • Biederman, J.1    Krishnan, S.2    Zhang, Y.3
  • 13
    • 33745631279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of mixed amphetamine salts extended release (Adderall XR) in the management of oppositional defiant disorder with or without comorbid attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder in school-aged children and adolescents: A 4-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, forced-dose-escalation study
    • Spencer TJ, Abikoff HB, Connor DF, et al. Efficacy and safety of mixed amphetamine salts extended release (Adderall XR) in the management of oppositional defiant disorder with or without comorbid attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder in school-aged children and adolescents: a 4-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, forced-dose-escalation study. Clin Ther. 2006;28:402-418.
    • (2006) Clin Ther , vol.28 , pp. 402-418
    • Spencer, T.J.1    Abikoff, H.B.2    Connor, D.F.3
  • 14
    • 27644534213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A laboratory school comparison of mixed amphetamine salts extended release (Adderall XR) and atomoxetine (Strattera) in school-aged children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
    • Wigal SB, McGough JJ, McCracken et al. A laboratory school comparison of mixed amphetamine salts extended release (Adderall XR) and atomoxetine (Strattera) in school-aged children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Atten Disord. 2005;9(1):275-289.
    • (2005) J Atten Disord , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 275-289
    • Wigal, S.B.1    McGough, J.J.2    McCracken et, al.3
  • 15
    • 0036338926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of SLI381 (Adderall XR) in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
    • Biederman J, Lopez FA, Boellner SW, et al. A randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of SLI381 (Adderall XR) in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics. 2002;110(2):258-266.
    • (2002) Pediatrics , vol.110 , Issue.2 , pp. 258-266
    • Biederman, J.1    Lopez, F.A.2    Boellner, S.W.3
  • 16
    • 0030851715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Side effects of methylphenidate and dexamphetamine in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A double-blind, crossover trial
    • Efron D, Jarman F, Barker M. Side effects of methylphenidate and dexamphetamine in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a double-blind, crossover trial. Pediatrics. 1997;100(4):662-666.
    • (1997) Pediatrics , vol.100 , Issue.4 , pp. 662-666
    • Efron, D.1    Jarman, F.2    Barker, M.3
  • 17
    • 58849161264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reboxetine versus methylphenidate in treatment of children and adolescents with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder
    • Arabgol F, Panaghi L, Hebrani P. Reboxetine versus methylphenidate in treatment of children and adolescents with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2009;18(1):53-59.
    • (2009) Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 53-59
    • Arabgol, F.1    Panaghi, L.2    Hebrani, P.3
  • 18
    • 39149087570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of methylphenidate transdermal system in pediatric patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
    • Findling RL, Bukstein OG, Melmed RD, et al. A randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of methylphenidate transdermal system in pediatric patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008;69(1):149-159.
    • (2008) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.69 , Issue.1 , pp. 149-159
    • Findling, R.L.1    Bukstein, O.G.2    Melmed, R.D.3
  • 19
    • 44949116355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atomoxetine and osmotically released methylphenidate for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Acute comparison and differential response
    • Newcorn JH, Kratochvil CJ, Allen AJ, et al. Atomoxetine and osmotically released methylphenidate for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: acute comparison and differential response. Am J Psychiatry. 2008;165(6):721-730.
    • (2008) Am J Psychiatry , vol.165 , Issue.6 , pp. 721-730
    • Newcorn, J.H.1    Kratochvil, C.J.2    Allen, A.J.3
  • 20
    • 65349120645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The open-label treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in 4-and 5-year-old children with beaded methylphenidate
    • Maayan L, Paykina N, Fried J, et al. The open-label treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in 4-and 5-year-old children with beaded methylphenidate. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2009;19(2):147-153.
    • (2009) J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 147-153
    • Maayan, L.1    Paykina, N.2    Fried, J.3
  • 21
    • 33750202061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the clinical efficacy of twice-daily Ritalin and once-daily Equasym XL with placebo in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
    • Findling R, Quinn D, Hatch SJ, et al. Comparison of the clinical efficacy of twice-daily Ritalin and once-daily Equasym XL with placebo in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006;15(8):450-459.
    • (2006) Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry , vol.15 , Issue.8 , pp. 450-459
    • Findling, R.1    Quinn, D.2    Hatch, S.J.3
  • 22
    • 33745328305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of dexmethylphenidate extended-release capsules in children with attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder
    • Greenhill LL, Muniz R, Ball RR, et al. Efficacy and safety of dexmethylphenidate extended-release capsules in children with attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006;45(7):817-823.
    • (2006) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry , vol.45 , Issue.7 , pp. 817-823
    • Greenhill, L.L.1    Muniz, R.2    Ball, R.R.3
  • 23
    • 31644450513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, laboratory classroom assessment of methylphenidate transdermal system in children with ADHD
    • McGough JJ, Wigal SB, Abikoff H, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, laboratory classroom assessment of methylphenidate transdermal system in children with ADHD. J Atten Disord. 2006;9(3):476-485.
    • (2006) J Atten Disord , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 476-485
    • McGough, J.J.1    Wigal, S.B.2    Abikoff, H.3
  • 24
    • 33750590190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An open-label, randomized, activecontrolled equivalent trial of osmotic release oral system methylphenidate in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Taiwan
    • Gau SS, Shen HY, Soong WT, et al. An open-label, randomized, activecontrolled equivalent trial of osmotic release oral system methylphenidate in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Taiwan. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2006;16(4):441-455.
    • (2006) J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol , vol.16 , Issue.4 , pp. 441-455
    • Gau, S.S.1    Shen, H.Y.2    Soong, W.T.3
  • 25
    • 33745144300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and duration of effect of extended-release dexmethylphenidate versus placebo in schoolchildren with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
    • 293-251
    • Silva RR, Muniz R, Pestreich L, et al. Efficacy and duration of effect of extended-release dexmethylphenidate versus placebo in schoolchildren with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2006;16(3):293-251.
    • (2006) J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol , vol.16 , Issue.3
    • Silva, R.R.1    Muniz, R.2    Pestreich, L.3
  • 26
    • 31144447046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcomes of OROS methylphenidate compared with atomoxetine in children with ADHD: A multicenter, randomized prospective study
    • Kemner JE, Starr HL, Ciccone PE, et al. Outcomes of OROS methylphenidate compared with atomoxetine in children with ADHD: a multicenter, randomized prospective study. Adv Ther. 2005;22(5):498-512.
    • (2005) Adv Ther , vol.22 , Issue.5 , pp. 498-512
    • Kemner, J.E.1    Starr, H.L.2    Ciccone, P.E.3
  • 27
    • 1642367699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of once-daily extended-release methylphenidate formulations in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the laboratory school (the Comacs Study)
    • Swanson JM, Wigal SB, Wigal T, et al. A comparison of once-daily extended-release methylphenidate formulations in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the laboratory school (the Comacs Study). Pediatrics. 2004;113(3 Pt 1):e206-e216.
    • (2004) Pediatrics , vol.113 , Issue.3 PART 1
    • Swanson, J.M.1    Wigal, S.B.2    Wigal, T.3
  • 28
    • 0346789007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of Ritalin LA, a new, once daily, extended-release dosage form of methylphenidate, in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
    • Biederman J, Quinn D, Weiss M, et al. Efficacy and safety of Ritalin LA, a new, once daily, extended-release dosage form of methylphenidate, in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Paediatr Drugs. 2003;5(12):833-841.
    • (2003) Paediatr Drugs , vol.5 , Issue.12 , pp. 833-841
    • Biederman, J.1    Quinn, D.2    Weiss, M.3
  • 29
    • 0036633805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atomoxetine and methylphenidate treatment in children with ADHD: A prospective, randomized, open-label trial
    • Kratochvil CJ, Heiligenstein JH, Dittmann R, et al. Atomoxetine and methylphenidate treatment in children with ADHD: a prospective, randomized, open-label trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2002;41(7):776-784.
    • (2002) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry , vol.41 , Issue.7 , pp. 776-784
    • Kratochvil, C.J.1    Heiligenstein, J.H.2    Dittmann, R.3
  • 30
    • 17544402536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Once-a-day Concerta methylphenidate versus three-times-daily methylphenidate in laboratory and natural settings
    • Pelham WE, Gnagy EM, Burrows-Maclean L, et al. Once-a-day Concerta methylphenidate versus three-times-daily methylphenidate in laboratory and natural settings. Pediatrics. 2001;107(6):e105.
    • (2001) Pediatrics , vol.107 , Issue.6
    • Pelham, W.E.1    Gnagy, E.M.2    Burrows-McLean, L.3
  • 31
    • 62549108162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety if atomoxetine as add-on to psychoeducation in the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled study in stimulant-naïve Swedish children and adolescents
    • Svanborg P, Thernlund G, Gustafsson PA, et al. Efficacy and safety if atomoxetine as add-on to psychoeducation in the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled study in stimulant-naïve Swedish children and adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2009;18(4):240-249.
    • (2009) Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry , vol.18 , Issue.4 , pp. 240-249
    • Svanborg, P.1    Thernlund, G.2    Gustafsson, P.A.3
  • 32
    • 68949151924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Once-daily atomoxetine for treating pediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Comparison of morning and evening dosing
    • Block SL, Kelsey D, Coury D, et al. Once-daily atomoxetine for treating pediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: comparison of morning and evening dosing. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2009;48(7):723-733.
    • (2009) Clin Pediatr (Phila) , vol.48 , Issue.7 , pp. 723-733
    • Block, S.L.1    Kelsey, D.2    Coury, D.3
  • 33
    • 39849092897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Latino versus Caucasian response to atomoxetine in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
    • Tamayo JM, Pumariega A, Rothe EM, et al. Latino versus Caucasian response to atomoxetine in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2008;18(1):44-53.
    • (2008) J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 44-53
    • Tamayo, J.M.1    Pumariega, A.2    Rothe, E.M.3
  • 34
    • 34548780191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of atomoxetine in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and major depression
    • (Atomoxetine ADHD and Comorbid MDD Study Group)
    • Bangs ME, Emslie GJ, et al, (Atomoxetine ADHD and Comorbid MDD Study Group). Efficacy and safety of atomoxetine in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and major depression. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2007;17(4):407-420.
    • (2007) J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 407-420
    • Bangs, M.E.1    Emslie, G.J.2
  • 35
    • 34548084838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atomoxetine treatment for pediatric patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with comorbid anxiety disorder
    • Geller D, Donnelly C, Lopez F, et al. Atomoxetine treatment for pediatric patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with comorbid anxiety disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007;46(9):1119-1127.
    • (2007) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry , vol.46 , Issue.9 , pp. 1119-1127
    • Geller, D.1    Donnelly, C.2    Lopez, F.3
  • 36
    • 34548666657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial on once-daily atomoxetine hydrochloride in Taiwanese children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
    • Gau SF, Huang YS, Soong WT, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial on once-daily atomoxetine hydrochloride in Taiwanese children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2007;17:4:447-461.
    • (2007) J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 447-461
    • Gau, S.F.1    Huang, Y.S.2    Soong, W.T.3
  • 37
    • 34249690022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A pilot study of atomoxetine in young children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
    • Kratochvil CJ, Vaughan BS, Mayfield-Jorgensen ML, et al. A pilot study of atomoxetine in young children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2007;17(2):175-185.
    • (2007) J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 175-185
    • Kratochvil, C.J.1    Vaughan, B.S.2    Mayfield-Jorgensen, M.L.3
  • 38
    • 33847351335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multi-centre, randomized, openlabel study of atomoxetine compared with standard current therapy in UK children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
    • Prasad S, Harpin V, Poole L, et al. A multi-centre, randomized, openlabel study of atomoxetine compared with standard current therapy in UK children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Curr Med Res Opin. 2007;23(2):379-394.
    • (2007) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 379-394
    • Prasad, S.1    Harpin, V.2    Poole, L.3
  • 39
    • 33749053222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atomoxetine for hyperactivity in autism spectrum disorders: Placebo-controlled crossover pilot trial
    • Arnold LE, Aman MG, Cook AM, et al. Atomoxetine for hyperactivity in autism spectrum disorders: placebo-controlled crossover pilot trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006;45(10):1196-1205.
    • (2006) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry , vol.45 , Issue.10 , pp. 1196-1205
    • Arnold, L.E.1    Aman, M.G.2    Cook, A.M.3
  • 40
    • 33947105504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-dose atomoxetine for maintenance treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
    • Newcorn JH, Michelson D, Kratochvil CJ, et al. Low-dose atomoxetine for maintenance treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics. 2006;118(6):e1701-e1706.
    • (2006) Pediatrics , vol.118 , Issue.6
    • Newcorn, J.H.1    Michelson, D.2    Kratochvil, C.J.3
  • 41
    • 16344386004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atomoxetine safety and efficacy in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Initial phase of 10-week treatment in a relapse prevention study with a Spanish sample
    • Article in Spanish
    • Escobar R, Soutullo C, San Sebastián J, et al. Atomoxetine safety and efficacy in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): initial phase of 10-week treatment in a relapse prevention study with a Spanish sample. Actas Esp Psiquiatr. 2004;33(1):26-32. Article in Spanish.
    • (2004) Actas Esp Psiquiatr , vol.33 , Issue.1 , pp. 26-32
    • Escobar, R.1    Soutullo, C.2    San Sebastián, J.3
  • 42
    • 33645739829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atomoxetine treatment in children and adolescents with ADHD and comorbid tic disorders
    • Allen AJ, Kurlan RM, Gilbert DL, et al. Atomoxetine treatment in children and adolescents with ADHD and comorbid tic disorders. Neurology. 2005;65(12):1941-1949.
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.65 , Issue.12 , pp. 1941-1949
    • Allen, A.J.1    Kurlan, R.M.2    Gilbert, D.L.3
  • 43
    • 4644226347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Once-daily atomoxetine treatment for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, including an assessment of evening and morning behavior: A doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Kelsey DK, Sumner CR, Casat CD, et al. Once-daily atomoxetine treatment for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, including an assessment of evening and morning behavior: a doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial. Pediatrics. 2004;114(1):e1-e8.
    • (2004) Pediatrics , vol.114 , Issue.1
    • Kelsey, D.K.1    Sumner, C.R.2    Casat, C.D.3
  • 44
    • 0036884937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of atomoxetine versus placebo in school-aged girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
    • Biederman J, Heiligenstein JH, Faries DE, et al. Efficacy of atomoxetine versus placebo in school-aged girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics. 2002;110(6):e75.
    • (2002) Pediatrics , vol.110 , Issue.6
    • Biederman, J.1    Heiligenstein, J.H.2    Faries, D.E.3
  • 45
    • 0036842531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Once-daily atomoxetine treatment for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A randomized, placebo-controlled study
    • Michelson D, Allen AJ, Busner J, et al. Once-daily atomoxetine treatment for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Am J Psychiatry. 2002;159(11):1896-1901.
    • (2002) Am J Psychiatry , vol.159 , Issue.11 , pp. 1896-1901
    • Michelson, D.1    Allen, A.J.2    Busner, J.3
  • 46
    • 0036935774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Results from 2 proof-of-concept, placebo-controlled studies of atomoxetine in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
    • Spencer T, Heiligenstein JH, Biederman J, et al. Results from 2 proof-of-concept, placebo-controlled studies of atomoxetine in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002;63(12):1140-1147.
    • (2002) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.63 , Issue.12 , pp. 1140-1147
    • Spencer, T.1    Heiligenstein, J.H.2    Biederman, J.3
  • 47
    • 0035511622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atomoxetine in the treatment of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-response study
    • Michelson D, Faries D, Wernicke J, et al. Atomoxetine in the treatment of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-response study. Pediatrics. 2001;108(5):e83.
    • (2001) Pediatrics , vol.108 , Issue.5
    • Michelson, D.1    Faries, D.2    Wernicke, J.3
  • 48
    • 67650453428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, doubleblind and placebo-controlled trial of modafinil in children and adolescents with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder
    • Kahbazi M, Ghoreishi A, Rahiminejad F, et al. A randomized, doubleblind and placebo-controlled trial of modafinil in children and adolescents with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2009;168(3):234-237.
    • (2009) Psychiatry Res , vol.168 , Issue.3 , pp. 234-237
    • Kahbazi, M.1    Ghoreishi, A.2    Rahiminejad, F.3
  • 49
    • 38349081730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modafinil as treatment for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in children and adolescents: A double blind, randomized clinical trial
    • Amiri S, Mohammadi MR, Mohamaddi M, et al. Modafinil as treatment for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in children and adolescents: a double blind, randomized clinical trial. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2008;32(1):145-149.
    • (2008) Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry , vol.32 , Issue.1 , pp. 145-149
    • Amiri, S.1    Mohammadi, M.R.2    Mohamaddi, M.3
  • 50
    • 33845971864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modafinil in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A preliminary 8-week, open-label study
    • Boellner S, Earl CQ, Arora S. Modafinil in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a preliminary 8-week, open-label study. Curr Med Res Opin. 2006;22(12):2457-2465.
    • (2006) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.22 , Issue.12 , pp. 2457-2465
    • Boellner, S.1    Earl, C.Q.2    Arora, S.3
  • 51
    • 33845691606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of modafinil film-coated tablets in children and adolescents with or without prior stimulant treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Pooled analysis of 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies
    • Wigal SB, Biederman J, Swanson JM, et al. Efficacy and safety of modafinil film-coated tablets in children and adolescents with or without prior stimulant treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: pooled analysis of 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2006;8(6):352-360.
    • (2006) Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry , vol.8 , Issue.6 , pp. 352-360
    • Wigal, S.B.1    Biederman, J.2    Swanson, J.M.3
  • 52
    • 33745385732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of once-daily and divided doses of modafinil in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study
    • Biederman J, Swanson JM, Wigal SB, et al. A comparison of once-daily and divided doses of modafinil in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006;67(5):727-735.
    • (2006) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.67 , Issue.5 , pp. 727-735
    • Biederman, J.1    Swanson, J.M.2    Wigal, S.B.3
  • 53
    • 33646794419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled study of modafinil film-coated tablets in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
    • Greenhill LL, Biederman J, Boellner SW, et al. A randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled study of modafinil film-coated tablets in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006;45(5):503-511.
    • (2006) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry , vol.45 , Issue.5 , pp. 503-511
    • Greenhill, L.L.1    Biederman, J.2    Boellner, S.W.3
  • 54
    • 33644680762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of modafinil film-coated tablets in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, flexible-dose study
    • Biederman J, Swanson JM, Wigal SB, et al. Efficacy and safety of modafinil film-coated tablets in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, flexible-dose study. Pediatrics. 2005;116(6):e777-e784.
    • (2005) Pediatrics , vol.116 , Issue.6
    • Biederman, J.1    Swanson, J.M.2    Wigal, S.B.3
  • 55
    • 0026664334 scopus 로고
    • Technology assessment in a user perspective-experiences with drug technology
    • Hansen EH. Technology assessment in a user perspective-experiences with drug technology. Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 1992;8(1):150-165.
    • (1992) Int J Technol Assess Health Care , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 150-165
    • Hansen, E.H.1
  • 56
    • 33645733638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constraints on publication rights in industry-initiated clinical trials
    • Gøtzsche P, Hróbjartsson A, Johansen HK, et al. Constraints on publication rights in industry-initiated clinical trials. JAMA. 2006;295(14):1645-1646.
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.295 , Issue.14 , pp. 1645-1646
    • Gøtzsche, P.1    Hróbjartsson, A.2    Johansen, H.K.3
  • 57
    • 63049117319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Information about ADRs explored by pharmacovigilance approaches: A qualitative review of studies on antibiotics, SSRIs, and NSAIDs
    • Aagaard L, Hansen EH. Information about ADRs explored by pharmacovigilance approaches: a qualitative review of studies on antibiotics, SSRIs, and NSAIDs. BMC Clin Pharmacol. 2009;9:4.
    • (2009) BMC Clin Pharmacol , vol.9 , pp. 4
    • Aagaard, L.1    Hansen, E.H.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.