메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 67, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 299-311

Antiretroviral drug treatment of CNS HIV-1 infection

Author keywords

Antiretroviral drugs; Cerebrospinal fluid; Pharmacodynamics; Pharmacokinetics

Indexed keywords

ABACAVIR; AMPRENAVIR; ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; ATAZANAVIR; ATAZANAVIR PLUS RITONAVIR; CYTOCHROME P450 3A; DARUNAVIR; DARUNAVIR PLUS RITONAVIR; DIDANOSINE; EFAVIRENZ; EMTRICITABINE; ENFUVIRTIDE; ETRAVIRINE; FOSAMPRENAVIR PLUS RITONAVIR; GLYCOPROTEIN P; INDINAVIR; LAMIVUDINE; LOPINAVIR; LOPINAVIR PLUS RITONAVIR; MARAVIROC; NELFINAVIR; NEVIRAPINE; RALTEGRAVIR; RITONAVIR; STAVUDINE; TENOFOVIR; TIPRANAVIR; ZIDOVUDINE;

EID: 84855826065     PISSN: 03057453     EISSN: 14602091     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkr492     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (61)

References (139)
  • 1
    • 0022407895 scopus 로고
    • Isolation of HTLV-III from cerebrospinal fluid and neural tissues of patients with neurologic syndromes related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
    • Ho DD, Rota TR, Schooley RT et al. Isolation of HTLV-III from cerebrospinal fluid and neural tissues of patients with neurologic syndromes related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med 1985; 313: 1493-7.
    • (1985) N Engl J Med , vol.313 , pp. 1493-1497
    • Ho, D.D.1    Rota, T.R.2    Schooley, R.T.3
  • 2
    • 0022931084 scopus 로고
    • Guillain-Barre syndrome as an early manifestation of HIV central nervous system infection
    • Hagberg L, Malmvall BE, Svennerholm L et al. Guillain-Barre syndrome as an early manifestation of HIV central nervous system infection. Scand J Infect Dis 1986; 18: 591-2.
    • (1986) Scand J Infect Dis , vol.18 , pp. 591-592
    • Hagberg, L.1    Malmvall, B.E.2    Svennerholm, L.3
  • 3
    • 0024376631 scopus 로고
    • Declining incidence of AIDS dementia complex after introduction of zidovudine treatment
    • Portegies P, de Gans J, Lange JM et al. Declining incidence of AIDS dementia complex after introduction of zidovudine treatment. BMJ 1989; 299: 819-21.
    • (1989) BMJ , vol.299 , pp. 819-821
    • Portegies, P.1    de Gans, J.2    Lange, J.M.3
  • 4
    • 0024273494 scopus 로고
    • AIDS dementia complex and primary HIV brain infection
    • Brew BJ, Rosenblum M, Price RW. AIDS dementia complex and primary HIV brain infection. J Neuroimmunol 1988; 20: 133-40.
    • (1988) J Neuroimmunol , vol.20 , pp. 133-140
    • Brew, B.J.1    Rosenblum, M.2    Price, R.W.3
  • 5
    • 79951830033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence and impact on mortality of severe neurocognitive disorders in persons with and without HIV infection: a Danish nationwide cohort study
    • Lescure FX, Omland LH, Engsig FN et al. Incidence and impact on mortality of severe neurocognitive disorders in persons with and without HIV infection: a Danish nationwide cohort study. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 52: 235-43.
    • (2011) Clin Infect Dis , vol.52 , pp. 235-243
    • Lescure, F.X.1    Omland, L.H.2    Engsig, F.N.3
  • 6
    • 10744220788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing incidence of central nervous system diseases in the EuroSIDA cohort
    • d'Arminio Monforte A, Cinque P, Mocroft A et al. Changing incidence of central nervous system diseases in the EuroSIDA cohort. Ann Neurol 2004; 55: 320-8.
    • (2004) Ann Neurol , vol.55 , pp. 320-328
    • d'Arminio Monforte, A.1    Cinque, P.2    Mocroft, A.3
  • 7
    • 33645101488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroactive antiretroviral drugs do not influence neurocognitive performance in less advanced HIV-infected patients responding to highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • Giancola ML, Lorenzini P, Balestra P et al. Neuroactive antiretroviral drugs do not influence neurocognitive performance in less advanced HIV-infected patients responding to highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2006; 41: 332-7.
    • (2006) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.41 , pp. 332-337
    • Giancola, M.L.1    Lorenzini, P.2    Balestra, P.3
  • 8
    • 34249895916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistence of neuropsychologic deficits despite long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV-related neurocognitive impairment: prevalence and risk factors
    • Tozzi V, Balestra P, Bellagamba R et al. Persistence of neuropsychologic deficits despite long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV-related neurocognitive impairment: prevalence and risk factors. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2007; 45: 174-82.
    • (2007) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.45 , pp. 174-182
    • Tozzi, V.1    Balestra, P.2    Bellagamba, R.3
  • 9
    • 34548208844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence and incidence of neurocognitive impairment in the HAART era
    • Robertson KR, Smurzynski M, Parsons TD et al. The prevalence and incidence of neurocognitive impairment in the HAART era. AIDS 2007; 21: 1915-21.
    • (2007) AIDS , vol.21 , pp. 1915-1921
    • Robertson, K.R.1    Smurzynski, M.2    Parsons, T.D.3
  • 10
    • 77952938752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive dysfunction in HIV patients despite long-standing suppression of viremia
    • Simioni S, Cavassini M, Annoni JM et al. Cognitive dysfunction in HIV patients despite long-standing suppression of viremia. AIDS 2010; 24: 1243-50.
    • (2010) AIDS , vol.24 , pp. 1243-1250
    • Simioni, S.1    Cavassini, M.2    Annoni, J.M.3
  • 11
    • 33646703373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variable benefit in neuropsychological function in HIV-infected HAART-treated patients
    • Cysique LA, Maruff P, Brew BJ. Variable benefit in neuropsychological function in HIV-infected HAART-treated patients. Neurology 2006; 66: 1447-50.
    • (2006) Neurology , vol.66 , pp. 1447-1450
    • Cysique, L.A.1    Maruff, P.2    Brew, B.J.3
  • 12
    • 78650834306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders persist in the era of potent antiretroviral therapy: CHARTER Study
    • Heaton RK, Clifford DB, Franklin DR Jr et al. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders persist in the era of potent antiretroviral therapy: CHARTER Study. Neurology 2010; 75: 2087-96.
    • (2010) Neurology , vol.75 , pp. 2087-2096
    • Heaton, R.K.1    Clifford, D.B.2    Franklin Jr., D.R.3
  • 13
    • 39149143342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune activation of the central nervous system is still present after 4 years of effective highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • Edén A, Price RW, Spudich S et al. Immune activation of the central nervous system is still present after .4 years of effective highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis 2007; 196: 1779-83.
    • (2007) J Infect Dis , vol.196 , pp. 1779-1783
    • Edén, A.1    Price, R.W.2    Spudich, S.3
  • 14
    • 33749187373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normalisation of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers parallels improvement of neurological symptoms following HAART in HIV dementia-case report
    • Andersson LM, Hagberg L, Rosengren L et al. Normalisation of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers parallels improvement of neurological symptoms following HAART in HIV dementia-case report. BMC Infect Dis 2006; 6: 141.
    • (2006) BMC Infect Dis , vol.6 , pp. 141
    • Andersson, L.M.1    Hagberg, L.2    Rosengren, L.3
  • 15
    • 73449115641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The blood-brain and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers: function and dysfunction
    • Engelhardt B, Sorokin L. The blood-brain and the blood- cerebrospinal fluid barriers: function and dysfunction. Semin Immunopathol 2009; 31: 497-511.
    • (2009) Semin Immunopathol , vol.31 , pp. 497-511
    • Engelhardt, B.1    Sorokin, L.2
  • 16
    • 0031475151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The entry of antiviral and antiretroviral drugs into the central nervous system
    • Groothuis DR, Levy RM. The entry of antiviral and antiretroviral drugs into the central nervous system. J Neurovirol 1997; 3: 387-400.
    • (1997) J Neurovirol , vol.3 , pp. 387-400
    • Groothuis, D.R.1    Levy, R.M.2
  • 17
    • 0038676907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ritonavir on indinavir pharmacokinetics in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma
    • Haas DW, Johnson B, Nicotera J et al. Effects of ritonavir on indinavir pharmacokinetics in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003; 47: 2131-7.
    • (2003) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.47 , pp. 2131-2137
    • Haas, D.W.1    Johnson, B.2    Nicotera, J.3
  • 18
    • 80051690239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic DRV and ETR concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid
    • Boston, MA, Abstract 643. Foundation for Retrovirology and Human Health, Alexandria, VA, USA
    • Best B, Letendre S, Croteau D et al. Therapeutic DRV and ETR concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid. In: Abstracts of the Eighteenth Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Boston, MA, 2011. Abstract 643. Foundation for Retrovirology and Human Health, Alexandria, VA, USA.
    • (2011) Abstracts of the Eighteenth Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections
    • Best, B.1    Letendre, S.2    Croteau, D.3
  • 19
    • 0032558813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiretroviral drugs and the central nervous system
    • Enting RH, Hoetelmans RM, Lange JM et al. Antiretroviral drugs and the central nervous system. AIDS 1998; 12: 1941-55.
    • (1998) AIDS , vol.12 , pp. 1941-1955
    • Enting, R.H.1    Hoetelmans, R.M.2    Lange, J.M.3
  • 20
    • 0034633729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of a source of HIV type 1 within the central nervous system by ultraintensive sampling of cerebrospinal fluid and plasma
    • Haas DW, Clough LA, Johnson BW et al. Evidence of a source of HIV type 1 within the central nervous system by ultraintensive sampling of cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2000; 16: 1491-502.
    • (2000) AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses , vol.16 , pp. 1491-1502
    • Haas, D.W.1    Clough, L.A.2    Johnson, B.W.3
  • 21
    • 0031657903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The transport of the anti-HIV drug, 2',3'-didehydro-3'-deoxythymidine (D4T), across the blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers
    • Thomas SA, Segal MB. The transport of the anti-HIV drug, 2',3'-didehydro-3'-deoxythymidine (D4T), across the blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers. Br J Pharmacol 1998; 125: 49-54.
    • (1998) Br J Pharmacol , vol.125 , pp. 49-54
    • Thomas, S.A.1    Segal, M.B.2
  • 22
    • 79959265454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recently infiltrating MAC387(+) monocytes/macrophages a third macrophage population involved in SIV and HIV encephalitic lesion formation
    • Soulas C, Conerly C, Kim WK et al. Recently infiltrating MAC387(+) monocytes/macrophages a third macrophage population involved in SIV and HIV encephalitic lesion formation. Am J Pathol 2011; 178: 2121-35.
    • (2011) Am J Pathol , vol.178 , pp. 2121-2135
    • Soulas, C.1    Conerly, C.2    Kim, W.K.3
  • 23
    • 34250025874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of compartment penetration in PI-monotherapy: the Atazanavir-Ritonavir Monomaintenance (ATARITMO) trial
    • Vernazza P, Daneel S, Schiffer V et al. The role of compartment penetration in PI-monotherapy: the Atazanavir-Ritonavir Monomaintenance (ATARITMO) trial. AIDS 2007; 21: 1309-15.
    • (2007) AIDS , vol.21 , pp. 1309-1315
    • Vernazza, P.1    Daneel, S.2    Schiffer, V.3
  • 24
    • 77957231616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized controlled study demonstrating failure of LPV/r monotherapy in HIV: the role of compartment and CD4-nadir
    • Gutmann C, Cusini A, Gunthard HF et al. Randomized controlled study demonstrating failure of LPV/r monotherapy in HIV: the role of compartment and CD4-nadir. AIDS 2010; 24: 2347-54.
    • (2010) AIDS , vol.24 , pp. 2347-2354
    • Gutmann, C.1    Cusini, A.2    Gunthard, H.F.3
  • 25
    • 77957230936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of darunavir/ ritonavir maintenance monotherapy in patients with HIV-1 viral suppression: a randomized open-label, noninferiority trial, MONOI-ANRS 136
    • Katlama C, Valantin MA, Algarte-Genin M et al. Efficacy of darunavir/ ritonavir maintenance monotherapy in patients with HIV-1 viral suppression: a randomized open-label, noninferiority trial, MONOI-ANRS 136. AIDS 2010; 24: 2365-74.
    • (2010) AIDS , vol.24 , pp. 2365-2374
    • Katlama, C.1    Valantin, M.A.2    Algarte-Genin, M.3
  • 26
    • 0942290559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural variation of drug susceptibility in wild-type human immunodeficiency virus type 1
    • Parkin NT, Hellmann NS, Whitcomb JM et al. Natural variation of drug susceptibility in wild-type human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48: 437-43.
    • (2004) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.48 , pp. 437-443
    • Parkin, N.T.1    Hellmann, N.S.2    Whitcomb, J.M.3
  • 27
    • 84855832837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel method to assess antiretroviral target trough concentrations using in vitro susceptibility data
    • Boston, MA, Abstract 633. Foundation for Retrovirology and Human Health, Alexandria, VA, USA
    • Acosta E, Limoli K, Trinh L et al. Novel method to assess antiretroviral target trough concentrations using in vitro susceptibility data. In: Abstracts of the Eighteenth Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Boston, MA, 2011. Abstract 633. Foundation for Retrovirology and Human Health, Alexandria, VA, USA.
    • (2011) Abstracts of the Eighteenth Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections
    • Acosta, E.1    Limoli, K.2    Trinh, L.3
  • 28
    • 0036114874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic drug monitoring in HIV infection: current status and future directions
    • Back D, Gatti G, Fletcher C et al. Therapeutic drug monitoring in HIV infection: current status and future directions. AIDS 2002; 16 Suppl 1: S5-37.
    • (2002) AIDS , vol.16 , Issue.SUPPL 1
    • Back, D.1    Gatti, G.2    Fletcher, C.3
  • 29
    • 0033827608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug resistance and predicted virologic responses to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitor therapy
    • Condra JH, Petropoulos CJ, Ziermann R et al. Drug resistance and predicted virologic responses to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitor therapy. J Infect Dis 2000; 182: 758-65.
    • (2000) J Infect Dis , vol.182 , pp. 758-765
    • Condra, J.H.1    Petropoulos, C.J.2    Ziermann, R.3
  • 30
    • 35548933763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P-glycoprotein-mediated active efflux of the anti-HIV1 nucleoside abacavir limits cellular accumulation and brain distribution
    • Shaik N, Giri N, Pan G et al. P-glycoprotein-mediated active efflux of the anti-HIV1 nucleoside abacavir limits cellular accumulation and brain distribution. Drug Metab Dispos 2007; 35: 2076-85.
    • (2007) Drug Metab Dispos , vol.35 , pp. 2076-2085
    • Shaik, N.1    Giri, N.2    Pan, G.3
  • 31
    • 39049180393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular and plasma efavirenz concentrations in HIV-infected patients switching from successful protease inhibitor-based highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to efavirenz-based HAART (SUSTIPHAR Study)
    • Djabarouti S, Breilh D, Pellegrin I et al. Intracellular and plasma efavirenz concentrations in HIV-infected patients switching from successful protease inhibitor-based highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to efavirenz-based HAART (SUSTIPHAR Study). J Antimicrob Chemother 2006; 58: 1090-3.
    • (2006) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.58 , pp. 1090-1093
    • Djabarouti, S.1    Breilh, D.2    Pellegrin, I.3
  • 32
    • 23444450261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular and plasma pharmacokinetics of nevirapine in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals
    • Almond LM, Edirisinghe D, Dalton M et al. Intracellular and plasma pharmacokinetics of nevirapine in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2005; 78: 132-42.
    • (2005) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.78 , pp. 132-142
    • Almond, L.M.1    Edirisinghe, D.2    Dalton, M.3
  • 33
    • 0036864550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular concentration of protease inhibitors in HIV-1-infected patients: correlation with MDR-1 gene expression and low dose of ritonavir
    • Chaillou S, Durant J, Garraffo R et al. Intracellular concentration of protease inhibitors in HIV-1-infected patients: correlation with MDR-1 gene expression and low dose of ritonavir. HIV Clin Trials 2002; 3: 493-501.
    • (2002) HIV Clin Trials , vol.3 , pp. 493-501
    • Chaillou, S.1    Durant, J.2    Garraffo, R.3
  • 34
    • 78650655590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular and plasma pharmacokinetics of raltegravir in HIV-infected patients
    • San Francisco, CA, Abstract 133. Foundation for Retrovirology and Human Health, Alexandria, VA, USA
    • Fayet-Mello A, Buclin T, Franc C et al. Intracellular and plasma pharmacokinetics of raltegravir in HIV-infected patients. In: Abstracts of the Seventeenth Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, San Francisco, CA, 2010. Abstract 133. Foundation for Retrovirology and Human Health, Alexandria, VA, USA.
    • (2010) Abstracts of the Seventeenth Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections
    • Fayet-Mello, A.1    Buclin, T.2    Franc, C.3
  • 36
    • 0029945512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Localization of HIV-1 in human brain using polymerase chain reaction/in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry
    • Takahashi K, Wesselingh SL, Griffin DE et al. Localization of HIV-1 in human brain using polymerase chain reaction/in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. Ann Neurol 1996; 39: 705-11.
    • (1996) Ann Neurol , vol.39 , pp. 705-711
    • Takahashi, K.1    Wesselingh, S.L.2    Griffin, D.E.3
  • 37
    • 0030750548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of replication of HIV in primary monocyte/macrophages by different antiviral drugs and comparative efficacy in lymphocytes
    • Aquaro S, Perno CF, Balestra E et al. Inhibition of replication of HIV in primary monocyte/macrophages by different antiviral drugs and comparative efficacy in lymphocytes. J Leukoc Biol 1997; 62: 138-43.
    • (1997) J Leukoc Biol , vol.62 , pp. 138-143
    • Aquaro, S.1    Perno, C.F.2    Balestra, E.3
  • 38
    • 0036289210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macrophages and HIV infection: therapeutical approaches toward this strategic virus reservoir
    • Aquaro S, Calio R, Balzarini J et al. Macrophages and HIV infection: therapeutical approaches toward this strategic virus reservoir. Antiviral Res 2002; 55: 209-25.
    • (2002) Antiviral Res , vol.55 , pp. 209-225
    • Aquaro, S.1    Calio, R.2    Balzarini, J.3
  • 39
    • 0030954863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distributed model analysis of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine and 2' 3'-dideoxyinosine distribution in brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid
    • Takasawa K, Terasaki T, Suzuki H et al. Distributed model analysis of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine and 2',3'-dideoxyinosine distribution in brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997; 282: 1509-17.
    • (1997) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.282 , pp. 1509-1517
    • Takasawa, K.1    Terasaki, T.2    Suzuki, H.3
  • 40
    • 0032585875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of [(14)C]abacavir, a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase inhibitor, administered in a single oral dose to HIV-1-infected adults: a mass balance study
    • McDowell JA, Chittick GE, Ravitch JR et al. Pharmacokinetics of [(14)C]abacavir, a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase inhibitor, administered in a single oral dose to HIV-1-infected adults: a mass balance study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43: 2855-61.
    • (1999) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.43 , pp. 2855-2861
    • McDowell, J.A.1    Chittick, G.E.2    Ravitch, J.R.3
  • 41
    • 0033914965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of abacavir alone and in combination with zidovudine in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults
    • McDowell JA, Lou Y, Symonds WS et al. Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of abacavir alone and in combination with zidovudine in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44: 2061-7.
    • (2000) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.44 , pp. 2061-2067
    • McDowell, J.A.1    Lou, Y.2    Symonds, W.S.3
  • 42
    • 19544370354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid
    • Capparelli EV, Letendre SL, Ellis RJ et al. Population pharmacokinetics of abacavir in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005; 49: 2504-6.
    • (2005) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.49 , pp. 2504-2506
    • Capparelli, E.V.1    Letendre, S.L.2    Ellis, R.J.3
  • 43
    • 34249815222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors in AIDS dementia complex trial design: results and lessons from the abacavir trial
    • Brew BJ, Halman M, Catalan J et al. Factors in AIDS dementia complex trial design: results and lessons from the abacavir trial. PLoS Clin Trials 2007; 2: e13.
    • (2007) PLoS Clin Trials , vol.2
    • Brew, B.J.1    Halman, M.2    Catalan, J.3
  • 44
    • 28744456784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-penetrating antiretroviral drugs against HIV in the neurological compartment: different patterns of phenotypic resistance in CSF and plasma
    • Antinori A, Perno CF, Giancola ML et al. Efficacy of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-penetrating antiretroviral drugs against HIV in the neurological compartment: different patterns of phenotypic resistance in CSF and plasma. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 41: 1787-93.
    • (2005) Clin Infect Dis , vol.41 , pp. 1787-1793
    • Antinori, A.1    Perno, C.F.2    Giancola, M.L.3
  • 46
    • 0031034408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA levels in cerebrospinal fluid after initiation of zidovudine or didanosine
    • Gisslén M, Norkrans G, Svennerholm B et al. The effect on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA levels in cerebrospinal fluid after initiation of zidovudine or didanosine. J Infect Dis 1997; 175: 434-7.
    • (1997) J Infect Dis , vol.175 , pp. 434-437
    • Gisslén, M.1    Norkrans, G.2    Svennerholm, B.3
  • 47
    • 77749324387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efavirenz and emtricitabine concentrations consistently exceed wild-type IC50 in cerebrospinal fluid: CHARTER findings
    • Montreal, Abstract 702. Foundation for Retrovirology and Human Health, Alexandria, VA, USA
    • Best B, Letendre S, Capparelli E et al. Efavirenz and emtricitabine concentrations consistently exceed wild-type IC50 in cerebrospinal fluid: CHARTER findings. In: Abstracts of the Sixteenth Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Montreal, 2009. Abstract 702. Foundation for Retrovirology and Human Health, Alexandria, VA, USA.
    • (2009) Abstracts of the Sixteenth Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections
    • Best, B.1    Letendre, S.2    Capparelli, E.3
  • 48
    • 58149141510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low atazanavir concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid
    • Best BM, Letendre SL, Brigid E et al. Low atazanavir concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid. AIDS 2009; 23: 83-7.
    • (2009) AIDS , vol.23 , pp. 83-87
    • Best, B.M.1    Letendre, S.L.2    Brigid, E.3
  • 49
    • 0032560373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal-fluid HIV-1 RNA and drug concentrations after treatment with lamivudine plus zidovudine or stavudine
    • Foudraine NA, Hoetelmans RM, Lange JM et al. Cerebrospinal-fluid HIV-1 RNA and drug concentrations after treatment with lamivudine plus zidovudine or stavudine. Lancet 1998; 351: 1547-51.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.351 , pp. 1547-1551
    • Foudraine, N.A.1    Hoetelmans, R.M.2    Lange, J.M.3
  • 50
    • 85036973099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A population model-based approach for determining lamivudine (3TC) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) penetration in HIV-infected adults
    • San Francisco, CA, Abstract 310. Foundation for Retrovirology and Human Health, Alexandria, VA, USA
    • Blaschke A, Capparelli E, Ellis R et al. A population model-based approach for determining lamivudine (3TC) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) penetration in HIV-infected adults. In: Abstracts of the Seventh Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, San Francisco, CA, 2000. Abstract 310. Foundation for Retrovirology and Human Health, Alexandria, VA, USA.
    • (2000) Abstracts of the Seventh Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections
    • Blaschke, A.1    Capparelli, E.2    Ellis, R.3
  • 51
    • 0032032274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A single-dose study to assess the penetration of stavudine into human cerebrospinal fluid in adults
    • Haworth SJ, Christofalo B, Anderson RD et al. A single-dose study to assess the penetration of stavudine into human cerebrospinal fluid in adults. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1998; 17: 235-8.
    • (1998) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol , vol.17 , pp. 235-238
    • Haworth, S.J.1    Christofalo, B.2    Anderson, R.D.3
  • 52
    • 11144225605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stavudine entry into cerebrospinal fluid after single and multiple doses in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus
    • Brady KA, Boston RC, Aldrich JL et al. Stavudine entry into cerebrospinal fluid after single and multiple doses in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Pharmacotherapy 2005; 25: 10-7.
    • (2005) Pharmacotherapy , vol.25 , pp. 10-17
    • Brady, K.A.1    Boston, R.C.2    Aldrich, J.L.3
  • 53
    • 0035104849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Making the most of sparse clinical data by using a predictive-model-based analysis, illustrated with a stavudine pharmacokinetic study
    • Zhang L, Price R, Aweeka F et al. Making the most of sparse clinical data by using a predictive-model-based analysis, illustrated with a stavudine pharmacokinetic study. Eur J Pharm Sci 2001; 12: 377-85.
    • (2001) Eur J Pharm Sci , vol.12 , pp. 377-385
    • Zhang, L.1    Price, R.2    Aweeka, F.3
  • 55
    • 0027732250 scopus 로고
    • Penetration of zidovudine into the cerebrospinal fluid of patients infected with HIV
    • Burger DM, Kraaijeveld CL, Meenhorst PL et al. Penetration of zidovudine into the cerebrospinal fluid of patients infected with HIV. AIDS 1993; 7: 1581-7.
    • (1993) AIDS , vol.7 , pp. 1581-1587
    • Burger, D.M.1    Kraaijeveld, C.L.2    Meenhorst, P.L.3
  • 57
    • 0028000646 scopus 로고
    • Zidovudine reduces intrathecal immunoactivation in patients with early human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
    • Elovaara I, Poutiainen E, Lahdevirta J et al. Zidovudine reduces intrathecal immunoactivation in patients with early human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Arch Neurol 1994; 51: 943-50.
    • (1994) Arch Neurol , vol.51 , pp. 943-950
    • Elovaara, I.1    Poutiainen, E.2    Lahdevirta, J.3
  • 58
    • 0024577599 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of zidovudine administered intravenously and orally in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection
    • Balis FM, Pizzo PA, Eddy J et al. Pharmacokinetics of zidovudine administered intravenously and orally in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Pediatr 1989; 114: 880-4.
    • (1989) J Pediatr , vol.114 , pp. 880-884
    • Balis, F.M.1    Pizzo, P.A.2    Eddy, J.3
  • 59
    • 0026339955 scopus 로고
    • Effect of zidovudine on cerebrospinal fluid in patients with HIV infection and acute neurological disease
    • Hagberg L, Andersson M, Chiodi F et al. Effect of zidovudine on cerebrospinal fluid in patients with HIV infection and acute neurological disease. Scand J Infect Dis 1991; 23: 681-5.
    • (1991) Scand J Infect Dis , vol.23 , pp. 681-685
    • Hagberg, L.1    Andersson, M.2    Chiodi, F.3
  • 60
    • 0027162148 scopus 로고
    • Effects of zidovudine in 30 patients with mild to end-stage AIDS dementia complex
    • Tozzi V, Narciso P, Galgani S et al. Effects of zidovudine in 30 patients with mild to end-stage AIDS dementia complex. AIDS 1993; 7: 683-92.
    • (1993) AIDS , vol.7 , pp. 683-692
    • Tozzi, V.1    Narciso, P.2    Galgani, S.3
  • 61
    • 0027530999 scopus 로고
    • Zidovudine treatment of the AIDS dementia complex: results of a placebo-controlled trial
    • Sidtis JJ, Gatsonis C, Price RW et al. Zidovudine treatment of the AIDS dementia complex: results of a placebo-controlled trial. AIDS Clinical Trials Group. Ann Neurol 1993; 33: 343-9.
    • (1993) AIDS Clinical Trials Group. Ann Neurol , vol.33 , pp. 343-349
    • Sidtis, J.J.1    Gatsonis, C.2    Price, R.W.3
  • 62
    • 0032875534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) suppression and efavirenz drug concentrations in HIV-1-infected patients receiving combination therapy
    • Tashima KT, Caliendo AM, Ahmad M et al. Cerebrospinal fluid human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) suppression and efavirenz drug concentrations in HIV-1-infected patients receiving combination therapy. J Infect Dis 1999; 180: 862-4.
    • (1999) J Infect Dis , vol.180 , pp. 862-864
    • Tashima, K.T.1    Caliendo, A.M.2    Ahmad, M.3
  • 63
    • 78651456899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efavirenz concentrations in CSF exceed IC50 for wild-type HIV
    • Best BM, Koopmans PP, Letendre SL et al. Efavirenz concentrations in CSF exceed IC50 for wild-type HIV. J Antimicrob Chemother 2010; 66: 354-7.
    • (2010) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.66 , pp. 354-357
    • Best, B.M.1    Koopmans, P.P.2    Letendre, S.L.3
  • 64
    • 0036167818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stable concentrations of zidovudine, stavudine, lamivudine, abacavir, and nevirapine in serum and cerebrospinal fluid during 2 years of therapy
    • van Praag RM, van Weert EC, van Heeswijk RP et al. Stable concentrations of zidovudine, stavudine, lamivudine, abacavir, and nevirapine in serum and cerebrospinal fluid during 2 years of therapy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46: 896-9.
    • (2002) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.46 , pp. 896-899
    • van Praag, R.M.1    van Weert, E.C.2    van Heeswijk, R.P.3
  • 65
    • 0035876184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High exposure to nevirapine in plasma is associated with an improved virological response in HIV-1-infected individuals
    • Veldkamp AI, Weverling GJ, Lange JM et al. High exposure to nevirapine in plasma is associated with an improved virological response in HIV-1-infected individuals. AIDS 2001; 15: 1089-95.
    • (2001) AIDS , vol.15 , pp. 1089-1095
    • Veldkamp, A.I.1    Weverling, G.J.2    Lange, J.M.3
  • 66
    • 37349034567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CYP2B6 genetic variants are associated with nevirapine pharmacokinetics and clinical response in HIV-1-infected children
    • Saitoh A, Sarles E, Capparelli E et al. CYP2B6 genetic variants are associated with nevirapine pharmacokinetics and clinical response in HIV-1-infected children. AIDS 2007; 21: 2191-9.
    • (2007) AIDS , vol.21 , pp. 2191-2199
    • Saitoh, A.1    Sarles, E.2    Capparelli, E.3
  • 67
    • 0032518290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The drug transporter P-glycoprotein limits oral absorption and brain entry of HIV-1 protease inhibitors
    • Kim RB, Fromm MF, Wandel C et al. The drug transporter P-glycoprotein limits oral absorption and brain entry of HIV-1 protease inhibitors. J Clin Invest 1998; 101: 289-94.
    • (1998) J Clin Invest , vol.101 , pp. 289-294
    • Kim, R.B.1    Fromm, M.F.2    Wandel, C.3
  • 68
    • 0032839781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid HIV RNA and drug levels with combination ritonavir and saquinavir
    • Kravcik S, Gallicano K, Roth V et al. Cerebrospinal fluid HIV RNA and drug levels with combination ritonavir and saquinavir. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1999; 21: 371-5.
    • (1999) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.21 , pp. 371-375
    • Kravcik, S.1    Gallicano, K.2    Roth, V.3
  • 69
    • 17744390345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic disposition and pharmacokinetics of [14C]-amprenavir, a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitor, administered as a single oral dose to healthy male subjects
    • Sadler BM, Chittick GE, Polk RE et al. Metabolic disposition and pharmacokinetics of [14C]-amprenavir, a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitor, administered as a single oral dose to healthy male subjects. J Clin Pharmacol 2001; 41: 386-96.
    • (2001) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.41 , pp. 386-396
    • Sadler, B.M.1    Chittick, G.E.2    Polk, R.E.3
  • 70
    • 0003266624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiviral activity and pharmacokinetics of amprenavir with or without zidovudine/3TC in the cerebrospinal fluid of HIV-infected adults
    • San Francisco, CA, Abstract 314. Foundation for Retrovirology and Human Health, Alexandria, VA, USA
    • Murphy R, Currier J, Gerber J et al. Antiviral activity and pharmacokinetics of amprenavir with or without zidovudine/3TC in the cerebrospinal fluid of HIV-infected adults. In: Abstracts of the Seventh Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, San Francisco, CA, 2000. Abstract 314. Foundation for Retrovirology and Human Health, Alexandria, VA, USA.
    • (2000) Abstracts of the Seventh Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections
    • Murphy, R.1    Currier, J.2    Gerber, J.3
  • 71
    • 79959983491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viral response in stable patients switching to fosamprenavir/ritonavir monotherapy (the FONT Study)
    • Saumoy M, Tiraboschi J, Gutierrez M et al. Viral response in stable patients switching to fosamprenavir/ritonavir monotherapy (the FONT Study). HIV Med 2011; 12: 438-41.
    • (2011) HIV Med , vol.12 , pp. 438-441
    • Saumoy, M.1    Tiraboschi, J.2    Gutierrez, M.3
  • 72
    • 64849104906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Darunavir concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid and blood in HIV-1-infected individuals
    • Yilmaz A, Izadkhashti A, Price RW et al. Darunavir concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid and blood in HIV-1-infected individuals. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2009; 25: 457-61.
    • (2009) AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses , vol.25 , pp. 457-461
    • Yilmaz, A.1    Izadkhashti, A.2    Price, R.W.3
  • 73
    • 74249086332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The MONET trial: darunavir/ ritonavir with or without nucleoside analogues, for patients with HIV RNA below 50 copies/mL
    • Arribas JR, Horban A, Gerstoft J et al. The MONET trial: darunavir/ ritonavir with or without nucleoside analogues, for patients with HIV RNA below 50 copies/mL. AIDS 2010; 24: 223-30.
    • (2010) AIDS , vol.24 , pp. 223-230
    • Arribas, J.R.1    Horban, A.2    Gerstoft, J.3
  • 74
    • 11344272928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma HIV-1 RNA levels and lopinavir concentrations following lopinavir/ ritonavir regimen
    • Yilmaz A, Ståhle L, Hagberg L et al. Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma HIV-1 RNA levels and lopinavir concentrations following lopinavir/ ritonavir regimen. Scand J Infect Dis 2004; 36: 823-8.
    • (2004) Scand J Infect Dis , vol.36 , pp. 823-828
    • Yilmaz, A.1    Ståhle, L.2    Hagberg, L.3
  • 75
    • 20644464770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lopinavir concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid exceed the 50% inhibitory concentration for HIV
    • Capparelli EV, Holland D, Okamoto C et al. Lopinavir concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid exceed the 50% inhibitory concentration for HIV. AIDS 2005; 19: 949-52.
    • (2005) AIDS , vol.19 , pp. 949-952
    • Capparelli, E.V.1    Holland, D.2    Okamoto, C.3
  • 76
    • 72249110851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lopinavir cerebrospinal fluid steady-state trough concentrations in HIV-infected adults
    • DiCenzo R, DiFrancesco R, Cruttenden K et al. Lopinavir cerebrospinal fluid steady-state trough concentrations in HIV-infected adults. Ann Pharmacother 2009; 43: 1972-7.
    • (2009) Ann Pharmacother , vol.43 , pp. 1972-1977
    • DiCenzo, R.1    DiFrancesco, R.2    Cruttenden, K.3
  • 77
    • 77957872525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy versus current treatment continuation for maintenance therapy of HIV-1 infection: the KALESOLO trial
    • Meynard JL, Bouteloup V, Landman R et al. Lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy versus current treatment continuation for maintenance therapy of HIV-1 infection: the KALESOLO trial. J Antimicrob Chemother 2010; 65: 2436-44.
    • (2010) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.65 , pp. 2436-2444
    • Meynard, J.L.1    Bouteloup, V.2    Landman, R.3
  • 78
    • 0036184628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in the detection of three HIV-1 protease inhibitors in non-blood compartments: clinical correlations
    • Lafeuillade A, Solas C, Halfon P et al. Differences in the detection of three HIV-1 protease inhibitors in non-blood compartments: clinical correlations. HIV Clin Trials 2002; 3: 27-35.
    • (2002) HIV Clin Trials , vol.3 , pp. 27-35
    • Lafeuillade, A.1    Solas, C.2    Halfon, P.3
  • 79
    • 40949152970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lopinavir with ritonavir reduces the HIV RNA level in cerebrospinal fluid
    • Letendre SL, van den Brande G, Hermes A et al. Lopinavir with ritonavir reduces the HIV RNA level in cerebrospinal fluid. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 45: 1511-7.
    • (2007) Clin Infect Dis , vol.45 , pp. 1511-1517
    • Letendre, S.L.1    van den Brande, G.2    Hermes, A.3
  • 80
    • 33645789363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid HIV-1 RNA, intrathecal immunoactivation, and drug concentrations after treatment with a combination of saquinavir, nelfinavir, and two nucleoside analogues: the M61022 study
    • Yilmaz A, Fuchs D, Hagberg L et al. Cerebrospinal fluid HIV-1 RNA, intrathecal immunoactivation, and drug concentrations after treatment with a combination of saquinavir, nelfinavir, and two nucleoside analogues: the M61022 study. BMC Infect Dis 2006; 6: 63.
    • (2006) BMC Infect Dis , vol.6 , pp. 63
    • Yilmaz, A.1    Fuchs, D.2    Hagberg, L.3
  • 81
    • 33744822785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of nelfinavir-based treatment in the central nervous system of HIV-1 infected patients
    • Karlström O, Sta°hle L, Perrin L et al. Efficacy of nelfinavir-based treatment in the central nervous system of HIV-1 infected patients. Scand J Infect Dis 2006; 38: 371-4.
    • (2006) Scand J Infect Dis , vol.38 , pp. 371-374
    • Karlström, O.1    Ståhle, L.2    Perrin, L.3
  • 82
    • 0033008145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid saquinavir concentrations in patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy
    • Moyle GJ, Sadler M, Buss N. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid saquinavir concentrations in patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 1999; 28: 403-4.
    • (1999) Clin Infect Dis , vol.28 , pp. 403-404
    • Moyle, G.J.1    Sadler, M.2    Buss, N.3
  • 83
    • 0033815866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid HIV-1 RNA during treatment with ritonavir/saquinavir or ritonavir/saquinavir/ stavudine
    • Gisolf EH, Enting RH, Jurriaans S et al. Cerebrospinal fluid HIV-1 RNA during treatment with ritonavir/saquinavir or ritonavir/saquinavir/ stavudine. AIDS 2000; 14: 1583-9.
    • (2000) AIDS , vol.14 , pp. 1583-1589
    • Gisolf, E.H.1    Enting, R.H.2    Jurriaans, S.3
  • 84
    • 34548065793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolism and disposition in humans of raltegravir (MK-0518), an anti-AIDS drug targeting the human immunodeficiency virus 1 integrase enzyme
    • Kassahun K, McIntosh I, Cui D et al. Metabolism and disposition in humans of raltegravir (MK-0518), an anti-AIDS drug targeting the human immunodeficiency virus 1 integrase enzyme. Drug Metab Dispos 2007; 35: 1657-63.
    • (2007) Drug Metab Dispos , vol.35 , pp. 1657-1663
    • Kassahun, K.1    McIntosh, I.2    Cui, D.3
  • 85
    • 77949545599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raltegravir penetration in the cerebrospinal fluid of HIV-positive patients
    • Calcagno A, Bonora S, Bertucci R et al. Raltegravir penetration in the cerebrospinal fluid of HIV-positive patients. AIDS 2010; 24: 931-2.
    • (2010) AIDS , vol.24 , pp. 931-932
    • Calcagno, A.1    Bonora, S.2    Bertucci, R.3
  • 86
    • 70149119217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raltegravir cerebrospinal fluid concentrations in HIV-1 infection
    • Yilmaz A, Gisslén M, Spudich S et al. Raltegravir cerebrospinal fluid concentrations in HIV-1 infection. PLoS ONE 2009; 4: e6877.
    • (2009) PLoS ONE , vol.4
    • Yilmaz, A.1    Gisslén, M.2    Spudich, S.3
  • 87
    • 78649676916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Total raltegravir concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid exceed the 50-percent inhibitory concentration for wild-type HIV-1
    • Croteau D, Letendre S, Best BM et al. Total raltegravir concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid exceed the 50-percent inhibitory concentration for wild-type HIV-1. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54: 5156-60.
    • (2010) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.54 , pp. 5156-5160
    • Croteau, D.1    Letendre, S.2    Best, B.M.3
  • 88
    • 0141814730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The entry of entry inhibitors: a fusion of science and medicine
    • Moore JP, Doms RW. The entry of entry inhibitors: a fusion of science and medicine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003; 100: 10598-602.
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.100 , pp. 10598-10602
    • Moore, J.P.1    Doms, R.W.2
  • 89
    • 47249109056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enfuvirtide cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pharmacokinetics and potential use in defining CSF HIV-1 origin
    • Price RW, Parham R, Kroll JL et al. Enfuvirtide cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pharmacokinetics and potential use in defining CSF HIV-1 origin. Antivir Ther 2008; 13: 369-74.
    • (2008) Antivir Ther , vol.13 , pp. 369-374
    • Price, R.W.1    Parham, R.2    Kroll, J.L.3
  • 90
    • 75749155819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapy failure following selection of enfuvirtide-resistant HIV-1 in cerebrospinal fluid
    • van Lelyveld SF, Nijhuis M, Baatz F et al. Therapy failure following selection of enfuvirtide-resistant HIV-1 in cerebrospinal fluid. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 50: 387-90.
    • (2010) Clin Infect Dis , vol.50 , pp. 387-390
    • van Lelyveld, S.F.1    Nijhuis, M.2    Baatz, F.3
  • 91
    • 14844322908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug transporters relevant to HIV therapy
    • Thomas SA. Drug transporters relevant to HIV therapy. J HIV Ther 2004; 9: 92-6.
    • (2004) J HIV Ther , vol.9 , pp. 92-96
    • Thomas, S.A.1
  • 92
    • 72949113630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid maraviroc concentrations in HIV-1 infected patients
    • Yilmaz A, Watson V, Else L et al. Cerebrospinal fluid maraviroc concentrations in HIV-1 infected patients. AIDS 2009; 23: 2537-40.
    • (2009) AIDS , vol.23 , pp. 2537-2540
    • Yilmaz, A.1    Watson, V.2    Else, L.3
  • 93
    • 78650199767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maraviroc concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid in HIV-infected patients
    • Tiraboschi JM, Niubo J, Curto J et al. Maraviroc concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid in HIV-infected patients. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2010; 55: 606-9.
    • (2010) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.55 , pp. 606-609
    • Tiraboschi, J.M.1    Niubo, J.2    Curto, J.3
  • 94
    • 84855842420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Public Assessment Report (EPAR). (20 September, date last accessed)
    • European Public Assessment Report (EPAR). http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages/medicines/human/medicines/000811/ human_med_000689.jsp&mid=WC0b01ac058001d124 (20 September 2011, date last accessed).
    • (2011)
  • 95
    • 38349068747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of the CNS penetration-effectiveness rank for quantifying antiretroviral penetration into the central nervous system
    • Letendre S, Marquie-Beck J, Capparelli E et al. Validation of the CNS penetration-effectiveness rank for quantifying antiretroviral penetration into the central nervous system. Arch Neurol 2008; 65: 65-70.
    • (2008) Arch Neurol , vol.65 , pp. 65-70
    • Letendre, S.1    Marquie-Beck, J.2    Capparelli, E.3
  • 96
    • 77955967541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurologic complications of HIV disease and their treatment
    • Letendre SL, Ellis RJ, Ances BM et al. Neurologic complications of HIV disease and their treatment. Top HIV Med 2010; 18: 45-55.
    • (2010) Top HIV Med , vol.18 , pp. 45-55
    • Letendre, S.L.1    Ellis, R.J.2    Ances, B.M.3
  • 97
    • 69549110328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in cognition during antiretroviral therapy: comparision of two different ranking systems to measure antiretroviral drug efficacy on HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders
    • Tozzi V, Balestra P, Salvatori MF et al. Changes in cognition during antiretroviral therapy: comparision of two different ranking systems to measure antiretroviral drug efficacy on HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2009; 52: 56-63.
    • (2009) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.52 , pp. 56-63
    • Tozzi, V.1    Balestra, P.2    Salvatori, M.F.3
  • 98
    • 84855825631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in cognition during HAART: comparison of 2 different scoring systems to measure antiretroviral drug efficacy on HIV dementia
    • Boston, MA, Abstract 391. Foundation for Retrovirology and Human Health, Alexandria, VA, USA
    • Tozzi V, Balestra P, Salvatori M et al. Changes in cognition during HAART: comparison of 2 different scoring systems to measure antiretroviral drug efficacy on HIV dementia. In: Abstracts of the Fifteenth Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Boston, MA, 2008. Abstract 391. Foundation for Retrovirology and Human Health, Alexandria, VA, USA.
    • (2008) Abstracts of the Fifteenth Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections
    • Tozzi, V.1    Balestra, P.2    Salvatori, M.3
  • 99
    • 78650338104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV-1 viral escape in cerebrospinal fluid of subjects on suppressive antiretroviral treatment
    • Eden A, Fuchs D, Hagberg L et al. HIV-1 viral escape in cerebrospinal fluid of subjects on suppressive antiretroviral treatment. J Infect Dis 2010; 202: 1819-25.
    • (2010) J Infect Dis , vol.202 , pp. 1819-1825
    • Eden, A.1    Fuchs, D.2    Hagberg, L.3
  • 100
    • 68449083930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of combination antiretroviral therapy on cerebrospinal fluid HIV RNA and neurocognitive performance
    • Marra CM, Zhao Y, Clifford DB et al. Impact of combination antiretroviral therapy on cerebrospinal fluid HIV RNA and neurocognitive performance. AIDS 2009; 23: 1359-66.
    • (2009) AIDS , vol.23 , pp. 1359-1366
    • Marra, C.M.1    Zhao, Y.2    Clifford, D.B.3
  • 101
    • 77953017654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid neopterin: an informative biomarker of central nervous system immune activation in HIV-1 infection
    • Hagberg L, Cinque P, Gisslén M et al. Cerebrospinal fluid neopterin: an informative biomarker of central nervous system immune activation in HIV-1 infection. AIDS Res Ther 2010; 7: 15.
    • (2010) AIDS Res Ther , vol.7 , pp. 15
    • Hagberg, L.1    Cinque, P.2    Gisslén, M.3
  • 102
    • 0032814302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time course of cerebrospinal fluid responses to antiretroviral therapy: evidence for variable compartmentalization of infection
    • Staprans S, Marlowe N, Glidden D et al. Time course of cerebrospinal fluid responses to antiretroviral therapy: evidence for variable compartmentalization of infection. AIDS 1999; 13: 1051-61.
    • (1999) AIDS , vol.13 , pp. 1051-1061
    • Staprans, S.1    Marlowe, N.2    Glidden, D.3
  • 103
    • 0034701034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid HIV RNA originates from both local CNS and systemic sources
    • Ellis RJ, Gamst AC, Capparelli E et al. Cerebrospinal fluid HIV RNA originates from both local CNS and systemic sources. Neurology 2000; 54: 927-36.
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.54 , pp. 927-936
    • Ellis, R.J.1    Gamst, A.C.2    Capparelli, E.3
  • 104
    • 0035794303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of genotypic resistance on the virological response to highly active antiretroviral therapy in cerebrospinal fluid
    • Cinque P, Presi S, Bestetti A et al. Effect of genotypic resistance on the virological response to highly active antiretroviral therapy in cerebrospinal fluid. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2001; 17: 377-83.
    • (2001) AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses , vol.17 , pp. 377-383
    • Cinque, P.1    Presi, S.2    Bestetti, A.3
  • 105
    • 0042830227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delayed central nervous system virus suppression during highly active antiretroviral therapy is associated with HIV encephalopathy, but not with viral drug resistance or poor central nervous system drug penetration
    • Eggers C, Hertogs K, Sturenburg HJ et al. Delayed central nervous system virus suppression during highly active antiretroviral therapy is associated with HIV encephalopathy, but not with viral drug resistance or poor central nervous system drug penetration. AIDS 2003; 17: 1897-906.
    • (2003) AIDS , vol.17 , pp. 1897-1906
    • Eggers, C.1    Hertogs, K.2    Sturenburg, H.J.3
  • 106
    • 25444531480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid HIV-1 infection usually responds well to antiretroviral treatment
    • Mellgren A, Antinori A, Cinque P et al. Cerebrospinal fluid HIV-1 infection usually responds well to antiretroviral treatment. Antivir Ther 2005; 10: 701-7.
    • (2005) Antivir Ther , vol.10 , pp. 701-707
    • Mellgren, A.1    Antinori, A.2    Cinque, P.3
  • 107
    • 0031972548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV-1 RNA detectable with ultrasensitive quantitative polymerase chain reaction in plasma but not in cerebrospinal fluid during combination treatment with zidovudine, lamivudine and indinavir
    • Gisslén M, Norkrans G, Svennerholm B et al. HIV-1 RNA detectable with ultrasensitive quantitative polymerase chain reaction in plasma but not in cerebrospinal fluid during combination treatment with zidovudine, lamivudine and indinavir. AIDS 1998; 12: 114-6.
    • (1998) AIDS , vol.12 , pp. 114-116
    • Gisslén, M.1    Norkrans, G.2    Svennerholm, B.3
  • 108
    • 27844475167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid HIV infection and pleocytosis: relation to systemic infection and antiretroviral treatment
    • Spudich SS, Nilsson AC, Lollo ND et al. Cerebrospinal fluid HIV infection and pleocytosis: relation to systemic infection and antiretroviral treatment. BMC Infect Dis 2005; 5: 98.
    • (2005) BMC Infect Dis , vol.5 , pp. 98
    • Spudich, S.S.1    Nilsson, A.C.2    Lollo, N.D.3
  • 109
    • 33845462114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment benefit on cerebrospinal fluid HIV-1 levels in the setting of systemic virological suppression and failure
    • Spudich S, Lollo N, Liegler T et al. Treatment benefit on cerebrospinal fluid HIV-1 levels in the setting of systemic virological suppression and failure. J Infect Dis 2006; 194: 1686-96.
    • (2006) J Infect Dis , vol.194 , pp. 1686-1696
    • Spudich, S.1    Lollo, N.2    Liegler, T.3
  • 110
    • 0033853163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma viral load in HIV-1-infected patients with various anti-retroviral treatment regimens
    • Gisslén M, Svennerholm B, Norkrans G et al. Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma viral load in HIV-1-infected patients with various anti-retroviral treatment regimens. Scand J Infect Dis 2000; 32: 365-9.
    • (2000) Scand J Infect Dis , vol.32 , pp. 365-369
    • Gisslén, M.1    Svennerholm, B.2    Norkrans, G.3
  • 111
    • 0031034408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA levels in cerebrospinal fluid after initiation of zidovudine or didanosine
    • Gisslén M, Norkrans G, Svennerholm B et al. The effect on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA levels in cerebrospinal fluid after initiation of zidovudine or didanosine. J Infect Dis 1997; 175: 434-7.
    • (1997) J Infect Dis , vol.175 , pp. 434-437
    • Gisslén, M.1    Norkrans, G.2    Svennerholm, B.3
  • 112
    • 38649136772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single-agent therapy with lopinavir/ ritonavir controls HIV-1 viral replication in the central nervous system
    • Los Angels, CA, Abstract E-177. Foundation for Retrovirology and Human Health, Alexandria, VA, USA
    • Yeh RF, Letendre S, Norak I et al. Single-agent therapy with lopinavir/ ritonavir controls HIV-1 viral replication in the central nervous system. In: Abstracts of the Fourteenth Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Los Angels, CA, 2007. Abstract E-177. Foundation for Retrovirology and Human Health, Alexandria, VA, USA.
    • (2007) Abstracts of the Fourteenth Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections
    • Yeh, R.F.1    Letendre, S.2    Norak, I.3
  • 113
    • 35848953181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Updated research nosology for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders
    • Antinori A, Arendt G, Becker JT et al. Updated research nosology for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Neurology 2007; 69: 1789-99.
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.69 , pp. 1789-1799
    • Antinori, A.1    Arendt, G.2    Becker, J.T.3
  • 114
    • 12144263094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and pattern of neuropsychological impairment in human immunodeficiency virus-infected/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients across pre- and post-highly active antiretroviral therapy eras: a combined study of two cohorts
    • Cysique LA, Maruff P, Brew BJ. Prevalence and pattern of neuropsychological impairment in human immunodeficiency virus-infected/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients across pre- and post-highly active antiretroviral therapy eras: a combined study of two cohorts. J Neurovirol 2004; 10: 350-7.
    • (2004) J Neurovirol , vol.10 , pp. 350-357
    • Cysique, L.A.1    Maruff, P.2    Brew, B.J.3
  • 115
    • 79952446244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV-1 infection and cognitive impairment in the cART era: a review
    • Schouten J, Cinque P, Gisslén M et al. HIV-1 infection and cognitive impairment in the cART era: a review. AIDS 2011; 25: 561-75.
    • (2011) AIDS , vol.25 , pp. 561-575
    • Schouten, J.1    Cinque, P.2    Gisslén, M.3
  • 116
    • 0032736152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive and sustained effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy on HIV-1-associated neurocognitive impairment
    • Tozzi V, Balestra P, Galgani S et al. Positive and sustained effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy on HIV-1-associated neurocognitive impairment. AIDS 1999; 13: 1889-97.
    • (1999) AIDS , vol.13 , pp. 1889-1897
    • Tozzi, V.1    Balestra, P.2    Galgani, S.3
  • 117
    • 2142660706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Highly active antiretroviral therapy improves neurocognitive functioning
    • Robertson KR, Robertson WT, Ford S et al. Highly active antiretroviral therapy improves neurocognitive functioning. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2004; 36: 562-6.
    • (2004) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.36 , pp. 562-566
    • Robertson, K.R.1    Robertson, W.T.2    Ford, S.3
  • 118
    • 0346187002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in CSF and plasma HIV-1 RNA and cognition after starting potent antiretroviral therapy
    • Marra CM, Lockhart D, Zunt JR et al. Changes in CSF and plasma HIV-1 RNA and cognition after starting potent antiretroviral therapy. Neurology 2003; 60: 1388-90.
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.60 , pp. 1388-1390
    • Marra, C.M.1    Lockhart, D.2    Zunt, J.R.3
  • 119
    • 34248512907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV suppression by HAART preserves cognitive function in advanced, immune-reconstituted AIDS patients
    • McCutchan JA, Wu JW, Robertson K et al. HIV suppression by HAART preserves cognitive function in advanced, immune-reconstituted AIDS patients. AIDS 2007; 21: 1109-17.
    • (2007) AIDS , vol.21 , pp. 1109-1117
    • McCutchan, J.A.1    Wu, J.W.2    Robertson, K.3
  • 120
    • 68249156652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of cognitive change in impaired HIV-positive patients initiating antiretroviral therapy
    • Cysique LA, Vaida F, Letendre S et al. Dynamics of cognitive change in impaired HIV-positive patients initiating antiretroviral therapy. Neurology 2009; 73: 342-8.
    • (2009) Neurology , vol.73 , pp. 342-348
    • Cysique, L.A.1    Vaida, F.2    Letendre, S.3
  • 121
    • 4444273727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancing antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus cognitive disorders
    • Letendre SL, McCutchan JA, Childers ME et al. Enhancing antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus cognitive disorders. Ann Neurol 2004; 56: 416-23.
    • (2004) Ann Neurol , vol.56 , pp. 416-423
    • Letendre, S.L.1    McCutchan, J.A.2    Childers, M.E.3
  • 122
    • 79551604850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of central nervous system antiretroviral penetration on cognitive functioning in the ALLRT cohort
    • Smurzynski M, Wu K, Letendre S et al. Effects of central nervous system antiretroviral penetration on cognitive functioning in the ALLRT cohort. AIDS 2011; 25: 357-65.
    • (2011) AIDS , vol.25 , pp. 357-365
    • Smurzynski, M.1    Wu, K.2    Letendre, S.3
  • 123
    • 77749277079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does choice of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) alter changes in cerebral function testing after 48 weeks in treatment-naive, HIV-1-infected individuals commencing cART? A randomized, controlled study
    • Winston A, Duncombe C, Li PC et al. Does choice of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) alter changes in cerebral function testing after 48 weeks in treatment-naive, HIV-1-infected individuals commencing cART? A randomized, controlled study. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 50: 920-9.
    • (2010) Clin Infect Dis , vol.50 , pp. 920-929
    • Winston, A.1    Duncombe, C.2    Li, P.C.3
  • 124
    • 0035805178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV in body fluids during primary HIV infection: implications for pathogenesis, treatment and public health
    • Pilcher CD, Shugars DC, Fiscus SA et al. HIV in body fluids during primary HIV infection: implications for pathogenesis, treatment and public health. AIDS 2001; 15: 837-45.
    • (2001) AIDS , vol.15 , pp. 837-845
    • Pilcher, C.D.1    Shugars, D.C.2    Fiscus, S.A.3
  • 125
    • 15144358328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA levels are elevated in neurocognitively impaired individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
    • Ellis RJ, Hsia K, Spector SA et al. Cerebrospinal fluid human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA levels are elevated in neurocognitively impaired individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center Group. Ann Neurol 1997; 42: 679-88.
    • (1997) HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center Group. Ann Neurol , vol.42 , pp. 679-688
    • Ellis, R.J.1    Hsia, K.2    Spector, S.A.3
  • 126
    • 33846837587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining and evaluating HIV-related neurodegenerative disease and its treatment targets: a combinatorial approach to use of cerebrospinal fluid molecular biomarkers
    • Gisslén M, Hagberg L, Rosengren L et al. Defining and evaluating HIV-related neurodegenerative disease and its treatment targets: a combinatorial approach to use of cerebrospinal fluid molecular biomarkers. J Neuroimmun Pharmacol 2007; 2: 112-9.
    • (2007) J Neuroimmun Pharmacol , vol.2 , pp. 112-119
    • Gisslén, M.1    Hagberg, L.2    Rosengren, L.3
  • 127
    • 0030727486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between human immunodeficiency virus-associated dementia and viral load in cerebrospinal fluid and brain
    • McArthur JC, McClernon DR, Cronin MF et al. Relationship between human immunodeficiency virus-associated dementia and viral load in cerebrospinal fluid and brain. Ann Neurol 1997; 42: 689-98.
    • (1997) Ann Neurol , vol.42 , pp. 689-698
    • McArthur, J.C.1    McClernon, D.R.2    Cronin, M.F.3
  • 128
    • 0033178428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid viral load, intrathecal immunoactivation, and cerebrospinal fluid monocytic cell count in HIV-1 infection
    • Gisslén M, Fuchs D, Svennerholm B et al. Cerebrospinal fluid viral load, intrathecal immunoactivation, and cerebrospinal fluid monocytic cell count in HIV-1 infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1999; 21: 271-6.
    • (1999) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.21 , pp. 271-276
    • Gisslén, M.1    Fuchs, D.2    Svennerholm, B.3
  • 129
    • 67049134469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-sectional characterization of HIV-1 env compartmentalization in cerebrospinal fluid over the full disease course
    • Harrington PR, Schnell G, Letendre SL et al. Cross-sectional characterization of HIV-1 env compartmentalization in cerebrospinal fluid over the full disease course. AIDS 2009; 23: 907-15.
    • (2009) AIDS , vol.23 , pp. 907-915
    • Harrington, P.R.1    Schnell, G.2    Letendre, S.L.3
  • 130
    • 23244438578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) env compartmentalization in the presence of HIV-1-associated dementia
    • Ritola K, Robertson K, Fiscus SA et al. Increased human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) env compartmentalization in the presence of HIV-1-associated dementia. J Virol 2005; 79: 10830-4.
    • (2005) J Virol , vol.79 , pp. 10830-10834
    • Ritola, K.1    Robertson, K.2    Fiscus, S.A.3
  • 131
    • 66349098679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compartmentalized human immunodeficiency virus type 1 originates from long-lived cells in some subjects with HIV-1-associated dementia
    • Schnell G, Spudich S, Harrington P et al. Compartmentalized human immunodeficiency virus type 1 originates from long-lived cells in some subjects with HIV-1-associated dementia. PLoS Pathog 2009; 5: e1000395.
    • (2009) PLoS Pathog , vol.5
    • Schnell, G.1    Spudich, S.2    Harrington, P.3
  • 132
    • 41149140817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiretroviral treatment effect on immune activation reduces cerebrospinal fluid HIV-1 infection
    • Sinclair E, Ronquillo R, Lollo N et al. Antiretroviral treatment effect on immune activation reduces cerebrospinal fluid HIV-1 infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2008; 47: 544-52.
    • (2008) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.47 , pp. 544-552
    • Sinclair, E.1    Ronquillo, R.2    Lollo, N.3
  • 133
    • 76749136667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discordance between cerebral spinal fluid and plasma HIV replication in patients with neurological symptoms who are receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy
    • Canestri A, Lescure FX, Jaureguiberry S et al. Discordance between cerebral spinal fluid and plasma HIV replication in patients with neurological symptoms who are receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 50: 773-8.
    • (2010) Clin Infect Dis , vol.50 , pp. 773-778
    • Canestri, A.1    Lescure, F.X.2    Jaureguiberry, S.3
  • 134
    • 83755175865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European AIDS Clinical Society (EACS). (20 September, date last accessed)
    • European AIDS Clinical Society (EACS). Guidelines for Treatment of HIV Infected Adults in Europe. www.europeanaidsclinicalsociety.org/ Guidelines/index.htm (20 September 2011, date last accessed).
    • (2011) Guidelines for Treatment of HIV Infected Adults in Europe
  • 135
    • 84855838922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Referensgruppen fö r AntiViral terapi (RAV). (20 September, date last accessed)
    • Referensgruppen fö r AntiViral terapi (RAV). Treatment of HIV Infection: Swedish Recommendations. www.smittskyddsinstitutet.se/rav/ rekommendationer/hiv-virus/antiretroviral-behandling-av-hiv-infektion/ (20 September 2011, date last accessed).
    • (2011) Treatment of HIV Infection: Swedish Recommendations
  • 136
    • 52749083531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • British HIV Association guidelines for the treatment of HIV-1-infected adults with antiretroviral therapy 2008
    • Gazzard BG. British HIV Association guidelines for the treatment of HIV-1-infected adults with antiretroviral therapy 2008. HIV Med 2008; 9: 563-608.
    • (2008) HIV Med , vol.9 , pp. 563-608
    • Gazzard, B.G.1
  • 137
    • 84855828577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Department of Health and Human Services. (15 November, date last accessed)
    • Department of Health and Human Services. Adult and Adolescent Treatment Guidelines. www.aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines/GuidelineDetail. aspx?GuidelineID=7&ClassID=1 (15 November 2011, date last accessed).
    • (2011) Adult and Adolescent Treatment Guidelines
  • 138
    • 77649294016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid human immunodeficiency virus viral load in patients with neurosyphilis
    • de Almeida SM, Bhatt A, Riggs PK et al. Cerebrospinal fluid human immunodeficiency virus viral load in patients with neurosyphilis. J Neurovirol 2010; 16: 6-12.
    • (2010) J Neurovirol , vol.16 , pp. 6-12
    • de Almeida, S.M.1    Bhatt, A.2    Riggs, P.K.3
  • 139
    • 80052847009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lyme neuroborreliosis in HIV-1 positive patients successfully treated with oral doxycycline: case series and literature review
    • Bremell D, Säll C, Gisslén M et al. Lyme neuroborreliosis in HIV-1 positive patients successfully treated with oral doxycycline: case series and literature review. J Med Case Reports 2011; 5: 465.
    • (2011) J Med Case Reports , vol.5 , pp. 465
    • Bremell, D.1    Säll, C.2    Gisslén, M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.