Risk factors for Pneumocystis jiroveciipneumonia in kidney transplant recipients and appraisal of strategies for selective use of chemoprophylaxis

Transplant Infectious Disease

Volumn 13, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 559-569

  de Boer, M G J ^a   Kroon, F P ^a   Le Cessie, S ^a   de Fijter, J W ^a   van Dissel, J T ^a  

^a LEIDEN UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Chemoprophylaxis; Kidney transplantation; Pneumocystis jirovecii; Pneumocystis pneumonia; Pneumonia; Prevention strategy; Risk factors; Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole

Indexed keywords

AZATHIOPRINE; BASILIXIMAB; COTRIMOXAZOLE; CYCLOSPORIN A; EVEROLIMUS; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; MYCOPHENOLIC ACID 2 MORPHOLINOETHYL ESTER; PREDNISONE; TACROLIMUS; THYMOCYTE ANTIBODY;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION; FEMALE; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INFECTION PREVENTION; KIDNEY GRAFT REJECTION; KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION; LOW DRUG DOSE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NONHUMAN; PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECI; PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA; POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECIPIENT; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; RISK FACTOR;

ADULT; AGE FACTORS; ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS; ANTIBODIES, MONOCLONAL; COHORT STUDIES; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS; FEMALE; GRAFT REJECTION; HUMANS; IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS; KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII; PNEUMONIA, PNEUMOCYSTIS; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; RECOMBINANT FUSION PROTEINS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS; TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE COMBINATION;

EID: 84355162264     PISSN: 13982273     EISSN: 13993062     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2011.00645.x     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Alangaden GJ, Thyagarajan R, Gruber SA, et al. Infectious complications after kidney transplantation: current epidemiology and associated risk factors. Clin Transplant 2006; 20(4): 401-409.
2. Monnet X, Vidal-Petiot E, Osman D, et al. Critical care management and outcome of severe Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with and without HIV infection. Crit Care 2008; 12(1): R28.
3. EBPG Expert Group on Renal Transplantation European best practice guidelines for renal transplantation. Section IV: Long-term management of the transplant recipient. IV. 7.1 Late infections. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2002; 17(Suppl 4): 36-39.
4. Kasiske BL, Vazquez MA, Harmon WE, et al. Recommendations for the outpatient surveillance of renal transplant recipients. American Society of Transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2000; 11(Suppl 15): S1-S86.
5. Kasiske BL, Zeier MG, Chapman JR, et al. KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the care of kidney transplant recipients: a summary. Kidney Int 2010; 77(4): 299-311. Epub 2009 Oct 21.
6. Green H, Paul M, Vidal L, Leibovici L. Prophylaxis for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in non-HIV immunocompromised patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007; (3): CD005590.
7. Hughes WT, Kuhn S, Chaudhary S, et al. Successful chemoprophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis. N Engl J Med 1977; 297(26): 1419-1426.
8. Batiuk TD, Bodziak KA, Goldman M. Infectious disease prophylaxis in renal transplant patients: a survey of US transplant centers. Clin Transplant 2002; 16(1): 1-8.
9. Garvey JP, Brown CM, Chotirmall SH, Dorman AM, Conlon PJ, Walshe JJ. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole induced acute interstitial nephritis in renal allografts; clinical course and outcome. Clin Nephrol 2009; 72(5): 331-336.
10. Josephson MA, Chiu MY, Woodle ES, Thistlethwaite JR, Haas M. Drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis in renal allografts: histopathologic features and clinical course in six patients. Am J Kidney Dis 1999; 34(3): 540-548.
11. Koc M, Bihorac A, Ozener CI, Kantarci G, Akoglu E. Severe hyperkalemia in two renal transplant recipients treated with standard dose of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Am J Kidney Dis 2000; 36(3): E18.
12. Wanat KA, Anadkat MJ, Klekotka PA. Seasonal variation of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis associated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009; 60(4): 589-594.
13. Jarboui MA, Sellami A, Sellami H, Cheikhrouhou F, Makni F, Ayadi A. Dihydropteroate synthase gene mutations in Pneumocystis jiroveci strains isolated from immunocompromised patients. Pathol Biol (Paris) 2010 March 24. Epub ahead of print.
14. Dini L, du PM, Frean J, Fernandez V. High prevalence of dihydropteroate synthase mutations in Pneumocystis jirovecii isolated from patients with Pneumocystis pneumonia in South Africa. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 48(6): 2016-2021.
15. Arend SM, van't Wout JW. Editorial response: prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in solid organ transplant recipients - as long as the pros outweigh the cons. Clin Infect Dis 1999; 28(2): 247-249.
16. Higgins RM, Bloom SL, Hopkin JM, Morris PJ. The risks and benefits of low-dose cotrimoxazole prophylaxis for Pneumocystis pneumonia in renal transplantation. Transplantation 1989; 47(3): 558-560.
17. de Boer MG, Bruijnesteijn van Coppenraet LE, Gaasbeek A, et al. An outbreak of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia with 1 predominant genotype among renal transplant recipients: interhuman transmission or a common environmental source? Clin Infect Dis 2007; 44(9): 1143-1149.
18. Gianella S, Haeberli L, Joos B, et al. Molecular evidence of interhuman transmission in an outbreak of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia among renal transplant recipients. Transpl Infect Dis 2010; 12(1): 1-10.
19. Hocker B, Wendt C, Nahimana A, Tonshoff B, Hauser PM. Molecular evidence of Pneumocystis transmission in pediatric transplant unit. Emerg Infect Dis 2005; 11(2): 330-332.
20. Yazaki H, Goto N, Uchida K, Kobayashi T, Gatanaga H, Oka S. Outbreak of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in renal transplant recipients: P. jiroveci is contagious to the susceptible host. Transplantation 2009; 88(3): 380-385.
21. Issa NC, Fishman JA. Infectious complications of antilymphocyte therapies in solid organ transplantation. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 48(6): 772-786.
22. Arend SM, Westendorp RG, Kroon FP, et al. Rejection treatment and cytomegalovirus infection as risk factors for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in renal transplant recipients. Clin Infect Dis 1996; 22(6): 920-925.
23. Radisic M, Lattes R, Chapman JF, et al. Risk factors for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients: a case-control study. Transpl Infect Dis 2003; 5(2): 84-93.
24. Franson TR, Kauffman HM Jr, Adams MB, Lemann J Jr, Cabrera E, Hanacik L. Cyclosporine therapy and refractory Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. A potential association. Arch Surg 1987; 122(9): 1034-1035.
25. Hirschl MM, Derfler K, Janata O, Heinz G, Sertl K, Balcke P. Accumulation of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients after kidney transplantation. Clin Nephrol 1992; 37(2): 105.
26. Lufft V, Kliem V, Behrend M, Pichlmayr R, Koch KM, Brunkhorst R. Incidence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after renal transplantation. Impact of immunosuppression. Transplantation 1996; 62(3): 421-423.
27. Miguez-Burbano MJ, Ashkin D, Rodriguez A, et al. Increased risk of Pneumocystis carinii and community-acquired pneumonia with tobacco use in HIV disease. Int J Infect Dis 2005; 9(4): 208-217.
28. Shivji M, Burger S, Moncada CA, Clarkson ABJr, Merali S. Effect of nicotine on lung S-adenosylmethionine and development of Pneumocystis pneumonia. J Biol Chem 2005; 280(15): 15219-15228.
29. Sugimoto H, Uchida H, Akiyama N, et al. Improved survival of renal allograft recipients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by early diagnosis and treatment. Transplant Proc 1992; 24(4): 1556-1558.
30. Azevedo LS, Castro MC, Paula FJ, Ianhez LE, Vid-Neto E. Mycophenolate mofetil may protect against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in renal transplanted patients. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2005; 47(3): 143-145.
31. Oz HS, Hughes WT. Novel anti-Pneumocystis carinii effects of the immunosuppressant mycophenolate mofetil in contrast to provocative effects of tacrolimus, sirolimus, and dexamethasone. J Infect Dis 1997; 175(4): 901-904.
32. Koch S, Larbi A, Ozcelik D, et al. Cytomegalovirus infection: a driving force in human T cell immunosenescence. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1114: 23-35.
33. Egli A, Binet I, Binggeli S, et al. Cytomegalovirus-specific T-cell responses and viral replication in kidney transplant recipients. J Transl Med 2008; 6: 29.
34. Ponce CA, Gallo M, Bustamante R, Vargas SL. Pneumocystis colonization is highly prevalent in the autopsied lungs of the general population. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 50(3): 347-353.
35. Contini C, Romani R, Cultrera R, Angelici E, Villa MP, Ronchetti R. Carriage of Pneumocystis carinii in children with chronic lung diseases. J Eukaryot Microbiol 1997; 44(6): 15S.
36. Hauser PM, Blanc DS, Bille J, Nahimana A, Francioli P. Carriage of Pneumocystis carinii by immunosuppressed patients and molecular typing of the organisms. AIDS 2000; 14(4): 461-463.
37. Medrano FJ, Montes-Cano M, Conde M, et al. Pneumocystis jirovecii in general population. Emerg Infect Dis 2005; 11(2): 245-250.
38. Vargas SL, Hughes WT, Santolaya ME, et al. Search for primary infection by Pneumocystis carinii in a cohort of normal, healthy infants. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 32(6): 855-861.
39. Morris A, Wei K, Afshar K, Huang L. Epidemiology and clinical significance of Pneumocystis colonization. J Infect Dis 2008; 197(1): 10-17.
40. Morris A, Kingsley LA, Groner G, Lebedeva IP, Beard CB, Norris KA. Prevalence and clinical predictors of Pneumocystis colonization among HIV-infected men. AIDS 2004; 18(5): 793-798.
41. Derouin F, Pelloux H. Prevention of toxoplasmosis in transplant patients. Clin Microbiol Infect 2008; 14(12): 1089-1101.