Epidemiology and clinical significance of Pneumocystis colonization

Journal of Infectious Diseases

Volumn 197, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 10-17

  Morris, Alison ^a,d   Wei, Kenneth ^b   Afshar, Kamyar ^b   Huang, Laurence ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DISEASE TRANSMISSION; FUNGAL COLONIZATION; FUNGAL DETECTION; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTED PATIENT; IMMUNE DEFICIENCY; IMMUNOCOMPETENCE; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; INFLAMMATION; LUNG DISEASE; NASOPHARYNGEAL ASPIRATION; NONHUMAN; PEDIATRICS; PNEUMOCYSTIS; PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SEROPREVALENCE; SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME;

ADULT; ANIMALS; BRONCHIAL DISEASES; CARRIER STATE; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST; INFANT; PNEUMOCYSTIS INFECTIONS; PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII; RATS; SEROLOGIC TESTS;

EID: 39349113132     PISSN: 00221899     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/523814     Document Type: Review

References (51)

1. Morgan DJ, Vargas SL, Reyes-Mugica M, Walterspiel JN, Carver W, Gigliotti F. Identification of Pneumocystis carinii in the lungs of infants dying of sudden infant death syndrome. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2001; 20:306-9.
2. Wakefield AE, Pixley FJ, Banerji S, et al. Detection of Pneumocystis carinii with DNA amplification. Lancet 1990; 336:451-3.
3. Icenhour CR, Rebholz SL, Collins MS, Cushion MT. Early acquisition of Pneumocystis carinii in neonatal rats using targeted PCR and oral swabs. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2001; Suppl: 135S-6S.
4. Icenhour CR, Rebholz SL, Collins MS, Cushion MT. Widespread occurrence of Pneumocystis carinii in commercial rat colonies detected using targeted PCR and oral swabs. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39:3437-41.
5. Demanche C, Wanert F, Herrenschmidt N, et al. Influence of climatic factors on Pneumocystis carriage within a socially organized group of immunocompetent macaques (Macaca fascicularis). J Eukaryot Microbiol 2003; 50 Suppl:611-3.
6. Croix DA, Board K, Capuano S III, et al. Alterations in T lymphocyte profiles of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from SIV- and Pneumocystis carinii-coinfected rhesus macaques. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2002; 18:391-401.
7. Board KF, Patil S, Lebedeva I, et al. Experimental Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaques. J Infect Dis 2003; 187:576-88.
8. Wakefield AE, Stewart TJ, Moxon ER, Marsh K, Hopkin JM. Infection with Pneumocystis carinii is prevalent in healthy Gambian children. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1990; 84:800-2.
9. Vargas SL, Hughes WT, Santolaya ME, et al. Search for primary infection by Pneumocystis carinii in a cohort of normal, healthy infants. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 32:855-61.
10. Respaldiza N, Medrano FJ, Medrano AC, et al. High seroprevalence of Pneumocystis infection in Spanish children. Clin Microbiol Infect 2004; 10:1029-31.
11. Vargas SL, Ponce CA, Hughes WT, et al. Association of primary Pneumocystis carinii infection and sudden infant death syndrome. Clin Infect Dis 1999; 29:1489-93.
12. Nevez G, Totet A, Pautard JC, Raccurt C. Pneumocystis carinii detection using nested-PCR in nasopharyngeal aspirates of immunocompetent infants with bronchiolitis. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2001; Suppl:122S-3S.
13. Kasolo F, Lishimpi K, Chintu C, et al. Identification of Pneumocystis carinii DNA by polymerase chain reaction in necropsy lung samples from children dying of respiratory tract illnesses. J Pediatr 2002; 140:367-9.
14. Totet A, Latouche S, Duwat H, et al. Multilocus genotyping of Pneumocystis jirovecii in patients developing diverse forms of parasitism: implication for a wide human reservoir for the fungus. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2003; 50 Suppl:670-1.
15. Beard CB, Fox MR, Lawrence GG, et al. Genetic differences in Pneumocystis isolates recovered from immunocompetent infants and from adults with AIDS: epidemiological implications. J Infect Dis 2005; 192:1815-8.
16. Vargas SL, Ponce CA, Luchsinger V, et al. Detection of Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis and viruses in presumably immunocompetent infants who died in the hospital or in the community. J Infect Dis 2005; 191:122-6.
17. Vargas SL, Ponce CA, Galvez P, et al. Pneumocystis is not a direct cause of sudden infant death syndrome. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2007; 26:81-3.
18. Larsen HH, von Linstow ML, Lundgren B, Hogh B, Westh H, Lundgren JD. Primary Pneumocystis infection in infants hospitalized with acute respiratory tract infection. Emerg Infect Dis 2007; 13:66-72.
19. Peters SE, Wakefield AE, Sinclair K, Millard PR, Hopkin JM. A search for Pneumocystis carinii in post-mortem lungs by DNA amplification. J Pathol 1992; 166:195-8.
20. Leigh TR, Kangro HO, Gazzard BG, Jeffries DJ, Collins JV. DNA amplification by the polymerase chain reaction to detect subclinical Pneumocystis carinii colonization in HIV-positive and HIV-negative male homosexuals with and without respiratory symptoms. Respir Med 1993; 87:525-9.
21. Nevez G, Jounieaux V, Linas MD, et al. High frequency of Pneumocystis carinii sp.f. hominis colonization in HIV-negative patients. J Eukaryot Microbiol 1997; 44:36S.
22. Vargas SL, Ponce CA, Sanchez CA, Ulloa AV, Bustamante R, Juarez G. Pregnancy and asymptomatic carriage of Pneumocystis jiroveci. Emerg Infect Dis 2003; 9:605-6.
23. Medrano FJ, Montes-Cano M, Conde M, et al. Pneumocystis jirovecii in general population. Emerg Infect Dis 2005; 11:245-50.
24. Nevez G, Magois E, Duwat H, Gouilleux V, Jounieaux V, Totet A. Apparent absence of Pneumocystis jirovecii in healthy subjects. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 42:e99-101.
25. Rabodonirina M, Raffenot D, Cotte L, et al. Rapid detection of Pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: use of a simple DNA extraction procedure and nested PCR. J Clin Microbiol 1997; 35:2748-51.
26. + T cell counts. Clin Infect Dis 1999; 29:1331-2.
27. Matos O, Costa MC, Lundgren B, Caldeira L, Aguiar P, Antunes F. Effect of oral washes on the diagnosis of Pneumocytis carinii pneumonia with a low parasite burden and on detection of organisms in subclinical infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2001; 20:573-5.
28. Huang L, Crothers K, Morris A, et al. Pneumocystis colonization in HIV-infected patients. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2003; 50 Suppl:616-7.
29. Wakefield AE, Lindley AR, Ambrose HE, Denis CM, Miller RF. Limited asymptomatic carriage of Pneumocystis jiroveci in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. J Infect Dis 2003; 187:901-8.
30. Morris A, Kingsley LA, Groner G, Lebedeva IP, Beard CB, Norris KA. Prevalence and clinical predictors of Pneumocystis colonization among HIV-infected men. AIDS 2004; 18:793-8.
31. Maskell NA, Waine DJ, Lindley A, et al. Asymptomatic carriage of Pneumocystis jiroveci in subjects undergoing bronchoscopy: a prospective study. Thorax 2003; 58:594-7.
32. Helweg-Larsen J, Jensen JS, Dohn B, Benfield TL, Lundgren B. Detection of Pneumocystis DNA in samples from patients suspected of bacterial pneumonia - a case-control study. BMC Infect Dis 2002; 2:28.
33. Calderon EJ, Regordan C, Medrano FJ, Ollero M, Varela JM. Pneumocystis carinii infection in patients with chronic bronchial disease. Lancet 1996; 347:977.
34. Sing A, Roggenkamp A, Autenrieth IB, Heesemann J. Pneumocystis carinii carriage in immunocompetent patients with primary pulmonary disorders as detected by single or nested PCR. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37:3409-10.
35. Varela JM, Dapena J, Regordan C, Blanco M, Gonzalez de la Puente MA, Calderon EJ. Absence of Pneumocystis carinii carriers among patients with cystic fibrosis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1998; 17:741-2.
36. Probst M, Ries H, Schmidt-Wieland T, Serr A. Detection of Pneumocystis carinii DNA in patients with chronic lung diseases. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2000; 19:644-5.
37. Visconti E, Marinaci S, Zolfo M, et al. Very low frequence of Pneumocystis carinii DNA detection by PCR in specimens from patients with lung damage. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:1307-8.
38. Sing A, Geiger AM, Hogardt M, Heesemann J. Pneumocystis carinii carriage among cystic fibrosis patients, as detected by nested PCR. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39:2717-8.
39. Matos O, Lee CH, Jin S, et al. Pneumocystis jiroveci in Portuguese immunocompromised patients: association of specific ITS genotypes with treatment failure, bad clinical outcome and childhood. Infect Genet Evol 2003; 3:281-5.
40. Calderon E, de la Horra C, Medrano FJ, et al. Pneumocystis jiroveci isolates with dihydropteroate synthase mutations in patients with chronic bronchitis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2004; 23:545-9.
41. Morris A, Sciurba FC, Lebedeva IP, et al. Association of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease severity and Pneumocystis colonization. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004; 170:408-13.
42. de la Horra C, Varela JM, Fernandez-Alonso J, et al. Association between human-Pneumocystis infection and small-cell lung carcinoma. Eur J Clin Invest 2004; 34:229-35.
43. Respaldiza N, Montes-Cano MA, Dapena FJ, et al. Prevalence of colonisation and genotypic characterisation of Pneumocystis jirovecii among cystic fibrosis patients in Spain. Clin Microbiol Infect 2005; 11:1012-5.
44. Vidal S, de la Horra C, Martin J, et al. Pneumocystis jirovecii colonisation in patients with interstitial lung disease. Clin Microbiol Infect 2006; 12:231-5.
45. Calderon EJ, Rivero L, Respaldiza N, et al. Systemic inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who are colonized with Pneumocystis jiroveci. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 45:e17-9.
46. An CL, Gigliotti F, Harmsen AG. Exposure of immunocompetent adult mice to Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. muris by cohousing: growth of P. carinii f. sp. muris and host immune response. Infect Immun 2003; 71:2065-70.
47. Gigliotti F, Harmsen AG, Wright TW. Characterization of transmission of Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. muris through immunocompetent BALB/c mice. Infect Immun 2003; 71:3852-6.
48. Miller RF, Ambrose HE, Wakefield AE. Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis DNA in immunocompetent health care workers in contact with patients with P. carinii pneumonia. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39:3877-82.
49. Vargas SL, Ponce CA, Gigliotti F, et al. Transmission of Pneumocystis carinii DNA from a patient with P. carinii pneumonia to immunocompetent contact health care workers. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:1536-8.
50. Patil SP, Board KF, Lebedeva IP, Norris KA. Immune responses to Pneumocystis colonization and infection in a simian model of AIDS. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2003; 50 Suppl:661-2.
51. Varela JM, Respaldiza N, Sanchez B, et al. Lymphocyte response in subjects with chronic pulmonary disease colonized by Pneumocystis jirovecii. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2003; 50 Suppl:672-3.