Cholesterol metabolism regulation and antioxidant effect of platycodin D on hyperlipidemic emulsion-reduced rats

African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

Volumn 5, Issue 22, 2011, Pages 2444-2453

  Wu, Jingtao ^a,b   Yang, Guiwen ^a   Wen, Wujun ^a   Zhang, Fumiao ^a   Yuan, Jinduo ^a   An, Liguo ^a  

^a SHANDONG NORMAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b UNIVERSITY OF JINAN   (China)

Author keywords

Antioxidation; Platycodin D cholesterol metabolism; Platycodon grandiflorum

Indexed keywords

3 HYDROXY 3 METHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A; ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; ANTIOXIDANT; BILE ACID; CHOLESTEROL; CHOLESTEROL 7ALPHA MONOOXYGENASE; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR; MESSENGER RNA; PLANT MEDICINAL PRODUCT; PLATYCODIN; SIMVASTATIN; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; ARTICLE; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CHOLESTEROL LIVER LEVEL; CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM; CHOLESTEROL SYNTHESIS; CHOLESTEROL TRANSPORT; CONTROLLED STUDY; EMULSION; FECES LEVEL; GENE EXPRESSION; HYPERLIPIDEMIA; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; INTRACELLULAR TRANSPORT; LIVER HOMOGENATE; LIVER LEVEL; MALE; METABOLIC REGULATION; NONHUMAN; PLATYCODON; PLATYCODON GRANDIFLORUM; RAT; TREATMENT DURATION; TRIACYLGLYCEROL BLOOD LEVEL;

EID: 84055211937     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19960816     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5897/AJPP11.185     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Adaramoye OA, Nwaneri VO, Anyanwu KC, Farombi EO, Emerole GO (2005). Possible anti-atherogenic effect of kolaviron (a Garcinia kola seed extract) in hypercholesterolaemic rats. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol., 32: 40-46.
2. Ahn KS, Noh EJ, Zhao HL, Jung SH, Kang SS, Kim YS (2005). Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase II by Platycodon grandiflorum saponins via suppression of nuclear factor-kappaB activation in RAW 264.7 cells. Life Sci., 76: 2315-2328.
3. Amom Z, Zakaria Z, Mohamed J, Azlan A, Bahari H, Taufik Hidayat Baharuldin M, Aris Moklas M, Osman K, Asmawi Z, Kamal Nik Hassan M (2008). Lipid lowering effect of antioxidant alpha-lipoic Acid in experimental atherosclerosis. J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr. 43: 88-94.
4. Baigent C, Keech A, Kearney PM, Blackwell L, Buck G, Pollicino C, Kirby A, Sourjina T, Peto R, Collins R, Simes R (2005). Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins. Lancet, 366: 1267-1278.
5. Brookes ZL, McGown CC, Reilly CS (2009). Statins for all: the new premed? Br. J. Anaesth., 103: 99-107.
6. Choi YH, Kim YS, Yeo SJ, Roh SH, Jeong YC, Kang JS, Ryu SY (2008). Ameliorating effect of balloon flower saponin on the ethanol-induced memory impairment in mice. Phytother Res., 7: 973-976.
7. Cuthbert JA, Russell DW, Lipsky PE (1989). Regulation of low density lipoprotein receptor gene expression in human lymphocytes. J. Biol. Chem., 264: 1298-1304.
8. DeBose-Boyd RA (2008). Feedback regulation of cholesterol synthesis: sterol-accelerated ubiquitination and degradation of HMG CoA Reductase. Cell Res., 18: 609-621.
9. Fu WW, Shimizu N, Takeda T, Dou DQ, Chen B, Pei YH, Chen YJ (2006). New A-ring lactone triterpenoid saponins from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 54: 1285-1287.
10. Fukushima M, Nakano M, Morii Y, Ohashi T, Fujiwara Y, Sonoyama K (2000). Hepatic LDL receptor mRNA in rats is increased by dietary mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) fiber and sugar beet fiber. J. Nutr., 130: 2151-2156.
11. Funk CD, Cyrus T (2001). 12/15-lipoxygenase, oxidative modification of LDL and atherogenesis. Trends Cardiovasc Med., 11: 116-124.
12. García-Mediavilla V, Villares C, Culebras JM, Báyon JE, González- Gallego J (2003). Effects of dietary beta-cyclodextrin in hypercholesterolaemic rats. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 92: 94-99.
13. Goldstein JL, Brown MS (1977). The low-density lipoprotein pathway and its relation to atherosclerosis. Annu. Rev. Biochem., 46: 897-930.
14. Han EH, Park JH, Kim JY, Chung YC, Jeong HG (2009). Inhibitory mechanism of saponins derived from roots of Platycodon grandiflorum on anaphylactic reaction and IgE-mediated allergic response in mast cells. Food Chem. Toxicol., 47: 1069-1075.
15. Han LK, Xu BJ, Kimura Y, Zheng Y, Okuda H (2000). Platycodi radix affects lipid metabolism in mice with high fat diet-induced obesity. J. Nutr., 130: 2760-2764.
16. Hu SH, Liang ZC, Chia YC, Lien JL, Chen KS, Lee MY, Wang JC (2006). Antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant effects of extracts from Pleurotus citrinopileatus. J. Agric Food Chem., 22: 2103-2110.
17. Huang X, Tang J, Zhou Q, Lu H, Wu Y, Wu W (2010). Polysaccharide from fuzi (FPS) prevents hypercholesterolemia in rats. Lipids Health Dis., 9: 9.
18. Ishii H, Tori K, Tozyo T, Yoshimura Y (1978). Structures of polygalacin D and D2, platycodin D determined by 13C nuclear magneticresonance spectroscopy. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 26: 674-677.
19. Khanal T, Choi JH, Hwang YP, Chung YC, Jeong HG (2009). Protective effects of saponins from the root of Platycodon grandiflorum against fatty liver in chronic ethanol feeding via the activation of AMP-dependent protein kinase. Food Chem. Toxicol., 47: 2749-54.
20. Kim KS, Seo EK, Lee YC, Lee TK, Cho YW, Ezaki O, Kim CH (2000). Effect of dietary Platycodon grandiflorum on the improvement of insulin resistance in obese Zucker rats. J. Nutr. Biochem., 11: 420- 424.
21. Kim JY, Park KW, Moon KD, Lee MK, Choi J, Yee ST, Shim KH, Seo KI (2008). Induction of apoptosis in HT-29 colon cancer cells by crude saponin from Platycodi Radix. Food Chemical Toxicol., 46: 3753-3758.
22. Kim JY, Hwang YP, Kim DH, Han EH, Chung YC, Roh SH, Jeong HG (2006). Inhibitory effect of the saponins derived from roots of Platycodon grandiflorum on carrageenan-induced inflammation. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 70: 858-864.
23. Li H, Wang QJ, Zhu DN, Yang Y (2008). Reinioside C, a triterpene saponin of Polygala aureocauda Dunn, exerts hypolipidemic effect on hyperlipidemic mice. Phytother. Res., 22: 159-164.
24. Lieu HD, Withycombe SK, Walker Q, Rong JX, Walzem RL, Wong JS, Hamilton RL, Fisher EA, Young SG (2003). Eliminating atherogenesis in mice by switching off hepatic lipoprotein secretion. Circulation, 107: 1315-1322.
25. Meddings JB, Spady DK, Dietschy JM (1987). Kinetic characteristics and mechanisms of regulation of receptor-dependent and receptor-independent LDL transport in the liver of different animal species and humans. Am. Heart J., 113: 475-481.
26. Murakami S, Nitanai I, Uchida S, Kondo-Ohta Y, Asami Y, Kondo K, Sato M, Kawashima A, Hara H, Tomisawa K, Mei HB, Xiang CZ (1999). Up-regulation of low density lipoprotein receptor by a novel isobenzofranone derivative, MD-700. Atherosclerosis, 146: 281-290.
27. Oyedemi SO, Bradley G, Afolayan AJ (2010). In-vitro and -vivo antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Strychnos henningsii Gilg. Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 4(2): 70-78.
28. Patalay M, Lofgren IE, Freake HC, Koo SI, Fernandez ML (2005). The lowering of plasma lipids following a weight reduction program is related to increased expression of the LDL receptor and lipoprotein lipase. J. Nutr., 135: 735-739.
29. Ren S, Shen GX (2000). Impact of antioxidants and HDL on glycated LDL-induced generation of fibrinolytic regulators from vascular endothelial cells. Arterioscler Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 20: 1688-1693.
30. Spady DK, Turley SD, Dietschy JM (1985). Rates of low density lipoprotein uptake and cholesterol synthesis are regulated independently in the liver. J. Lipid Res., 26: 465-72.
31. Tada A, Kaneiwa Y, Shoji J, Shibata S (1975). Isolation and the structure of platycodin D. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 23: 2965- 72.
32. Xie Y, Pan H, Sun H, Li D (2008). A promising balanced Th1 and Th2 directing immunological adjuvant, saponins from the root of Platycodon grandiflorum. Vaccine, 26: 3937-3945.
33. Xu BJ, Han LK, Zheng YN, Lee JH, Sung CK (2005). In vitro inhibitory effect of triterpenoidal saponins from Platycodi Radix on pancreatic lipase. Arch. Pharm. Res., 28: 180-185.
34. Yokozawa T, Cho EJ, Sasaki S, Satoh A, Okamoto T, Sei Y (2006). The protective role of Chinese prescription Kangen-karyu extract on diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats. Biol. Pharm. Bull., 29: 760-765.
35. Zhang L, Liu ZH, Tian JK (2007). Cytotoxic triterpenoid saponins from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum. Molecules, 12: 832-841.
36. Zhao HL, Cho KH, Ha YW, Jeong TS, Lee WS, Kim YS (2006). Cholesterol-lowering effect of platycodin D in hypercholesterolemic ICR mice. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 537: 166-173.
37. Zhao HL, Sim JS, Shim SH, Ha YW, Kang SS, Kim YS (2005). Antiobese and hypolipidemic effects of platycodin saponins in diet-induced obese rats: Evidences for lipase inhibition and calorie intake restriction. Int. J. Obesity, 29: 983- 990.
38. Zheng J, He J, Ji B, Li Y, Zhang X (2007). Antihyperglycemic effects of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC. extract on streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr., 62: 7-11.