메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 10, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 13-25

Carvedilol: A third-generation β-blocker should be a first-choice β-blocker

Author keywords

atenolol; carvedilol; heart failure; hypertension; metoprolol; myocardial infarction

Indexed keywords

ATENOLOL; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; BISOPROLOL; CARVEDILOL; METOPROLOL; METOPROLOL SUCCINATE; METOPROLOL TARTRATE; NEBIVOLOL;

EID: 83755172725     PISSN: 14779072     EISSN: 17448344     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/erc.11.166     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (31)

References (69)
  • 1
    • 0022980843 scopus 로고
    • 1-receptor down-regulation in heart failure
    • Bristow MR, Ginsburg R, Umans V et al. β1-and β2-adrenergic- receptor subpopulations in nonfailing and failing human ventricular myocardium: coupling of both receptor subtypes to muscle contraction and selective b1-receptor down-regulation in heart failure. Circ. Res. 59, 297-309 (1986). (Pubitemid 17178124)
    • (1986) Circulation Research , vol.59 , Issue.3 , pp. 297-309
    • Bristow, M.R.1    Ginsburg, R.2    Umans, V.3
  • 2
    • 0346199336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1-Receptor? A Perspective on the Results of the COMET Trial
    • DOI 10.1016/j.cardfail.2003.08.003
    • Packer M. Do β-blockers prolong survival in heart failure only by inhibiting the b1-receptor? A perspective on the results of the COMET Trial. J. Card. Fail. 9, 429-443 (2003). (Pubitemid 38055650)
    • (2003) Journal of Cardiac Failure , vol.9 , Issue.6 , pp. 429-443
    • Packer, M.1
  • 3
    • 0025043398 scopus 로고
    • Pacing-induced heart failure in the dog: Evaluation of peripheral vascular α-adrenoceptor subtypes
    • Forster C, Armstrong PW. Pacing-induced heart failure in the dog: evaluation of peripheral vascular alpha-adrenoceptor subtypes. J. Cardiol. Pharmacol. 16, 708-718 (1990). (Pubitemid 20345252)
    • (1990) Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology , vol.16 , Issue.5 , pp. 708-718
    • Forster, C.1    Armstrong, P.W.2
  • 4
    • 0025310770 scopus 로고
    • 2-adrenoceptors in human atrial myocardium
    • Hall JA, Kaumann AJ, Brown MJ. Selective beta 1-adrenoceptor blockade enhances positive inotropic responses to endogenous catecholamines mediated through beta 2-adrenoceptors in human atrial myocardium. Circ. Res. 66, 1610-1623 (1990). (Pubitemid 20178710)
    • (1990) Circulation Research , vol.66 , Issue.6 , pp. 1610-1623
    • Hall, J.A.1    Kaumann, A.J.2    Brown, M.J.3
  • 6
    • 33750993459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 receptors and cholinesterase- positive nerves in adriamycin-induced rat failing heart
    • DOI 10.1016/j.autneu.2006.04.005, PII S1566070206001093
    • Xu XL, Zang WJ, Lu J et al. Effects of carvedilol on M2 receptors and cholinesterase-positive nerves in adriamycin-induced rat failing heart. Auton. Neurosci. 130, 6-16 (2006). (Pubitemid 44750853)
    • (2006) Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical , vol.130 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 6-16
    • Xu, X.-L.1    Zang, W.-J.2    Lu, J.3    Kang, X.-Q.4    Li, M.5    Yu, X.-J.6
  • 7
    • 0034602839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-Adrenergic receptor overexpression exacerbates development of heart failure after aortic stenosis
    • Du XJ, Autelitano DJ, Dilley RJ et al. β2-adrenergic receptor overexpression exacerbates development of heart failure after aortic stenosis. Circulation 101, 71-77 (2000). (Pubitemid 30039079)
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.101 , Issue.1 , pp. 71-77
    • Du, Xiao-Jun.1    Autelitano, D.J.2    Dilley, R.J.3    Wang, B.4    Dart, A.M.5    Woodcock, E.A.6
  • 8
    • 33750889809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overexpression of alpha1β-adrenergic receptor induces left ventricular dysfunction in the absenceof hypertrophy
    • Grupp IL, Lorenz JN, Walsh RA et al. Overexpression of alpha1β-adrenergic receptor induces left ventricular dysfunction in the absenceof hypertrophy. Am. J. Physiol. 275, H1338-H1350 (1998).
    • (1998) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.275
    • Grupp, I.L.1    Lorenz, J.N.2    Walsh, R.A.3
  • 9
    • 0029886332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelin-1 is involved in norepinephrine-induced ventricular hypertrophy in vivo acute effects of bosentan an orally active, mixed endothelin ETA and ETB receptor antagonist
    • Kaddoura S, Firth JD, Boheler KR et al. Endothelin-1 is involved in norepinephrine-induced ventricular hypertrophy in vivo. Acute effects of bosentan, an orally active, mixed endothelin ETA and ETB receptor antagonist. Circulation 93, 2068-2079 (1996).
    • (1996) Circulation , vol.93 , pp. 2068-2079
    • Kaddoura, S.1    Firth, J.D.2    Boheler, K.R.3
  • 10
    • 0034868229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant vitamins prevent cardiomyocyte apoptosis produced by norepinephrine infusion in ferrets
    • DOI 10.1016/S0008-6363(01)00323-6, PII S0008636301003236
    • Qin F, Rounds NK, Mao W et al. Antioxidant vitamins prevent cardiomyocyte apoptosis produced by norepinephrine infusion in ferrets. Cardiovasc. Res. 51, 736-748 (2001). (Pubitemid 32800715)
    • (2001) Cardiovascular Research , vol.51 , Issue.4 , pp. 736-748
    • Qin, F.1    Rounds, N.K.2    Mao, W.3    Kawai, K.4    Liang, C.-S.5
  • 11
    • 0031893064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carvedilol inhibits endothelin-1 biosynthesis in cultured human coronary artery endothelial cells
    • DOI 10.1006/jmcc.1997.0582
    • Ohlstein EH, Arleth AJ, Storer B et al. Carvedilol inhibits endothelin-1 biosynthesis in cultured human coronary artery endothelial cells. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 30, 167-173 (1998). (Pubitemid 28069754)
    • (1998) Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology , vol.30 , Issue.1 , pp. 167-173
    • Ohlstein, E.H.1    Arleth, A.J.2    Storer, B.3    Romanic, A.M.4
  • 12
    • 0034806747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-adrenergic receptor stimulation in dogs susceptible to lethal arrhythmias
    • Houle MS, Altschuld RA, Billman GE. Enhanced in vivo and in vitro contractile responses to beta(2)-adrenergic receptor stimulation in dogs susceptible to lethal arrhythmias. J. Appl. Physiol. 91, 1627-1637 (2001). (Pubitemid 32900353)
    • (2001) Journal of Applied Physiology , vol.91 , Issue.4 , pp. 1627-1637
    • Houle, M.S.1    Altschuld, R.A.2    Billman, G.E.3
  • 13
    • 0030854768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of sympathoinhibition on exercise performance in patients with heart failure
    • Lang CC, Rayos GH, Chomsky DB, Wood AJJ, Wilson JR. Effects of sympatho inhibition on exercise performance in heart failure. Circulation 96, 238-245 (1997). (Pubitemid 27298427)
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.96 , Issue.1 , pp. 238-245
    • Lang, C.C.1    Rayos, G.H.2    Chomsky, D.B.3    Wood, A.J.J.4    Wilson, J.R.5
  • 14
    • 8444235096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carvedilol but not metoprolol reduces β-adrenergic responsiveness after complete elimination from plasma in vivo
    • Kindermann M, Maack C, Schaller S et al. Carvedilol but not metoprolol reduces β-adrenergic responsiveness after complete elimination from plasma in vivo. Circulation 109, 3182-3190 (2004).
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.109 , pp. 3182-3190
    • Kindermann, M.1    Maack, C.2    Schaller, S.3
  • 16
    • 77957560278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different patterns of peripheral versus central blood pressure in hypertensive patients treated with β-blockers either with or without vasodilator properties or with angiotensin receptor blockers
    • Polónia J, Barbosa L, Silva JA et al. Different patterns of peripheral versus central blood pressure in hypertensive patients treated with β-blockers either with or without vasodilator properties or with angiotensin receptor blockers. Blood Press. Monit. 15(5), 235-239 (2010).
    • (2010) Blood Press. Monit. , vol.15 , Issue.5 , pp. 235-239
    • Polónia, J.1    Barbosa, L.2    Silva, J.A.3
  • 17
    • 33645518432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential impact of blood pressure-lowering drugs on central aortic pressure and clinical outcomes: Principal results of the conduit artery function evaluation CAFE study
    • The CAFÉ Investigators
    • The CAFÉ Investigators. Differential impact of blood pressure-lowering drugs on central aortic pressure and clinical outcomes: principal results of the Conduit Artery Function Evaluation (CAFE) study. Circulation 113, 1213-1225 (2006).
    • (2006) Circulation , vol.113 , pp. 1213-1225
  • 18
    • 65649153181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of heart rate on central aortic pressures and hemodynamics: Analysis from the CAFE conduit artery function evaluation study: Cafe-heart rate
    • Williams B, Lacy PS. Impact of heart rate on central aortic pressures and hemodynamics: analysis from the CAFE (Conduit Artery Function Evaluation) study: CAFE-Heart Rate. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 54, 705-713 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. , vol.54 , pp. 705-713
    • Williams, B.1    Lacy, P.S.2
  • 19
    • 0035370722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative effects of carvedilol and metoprolol on left ventricular ejection fraction in heart failure: Results of a meta-analysis
    • DOI 10.1067/mhj.2001.115584
    • Packer M, Antonopoulos GV, Berlin JA et al. Comparative effects of carvedilol and metoprolol on left ventricular ejection fraction in heart failure: results of a meta-analysis. Am. Heart J. 141, 899-907 (2001). (Pubitemid 32477000)
    • (2001) American Heart Journal , vol.141 , Issue.6 , pp. 899-907
    • Packer, M.1    Antonopoulos, G.V.2    Berlin, J.A.3    Chittams, J.4    Konstam, M.A.5    Udelson, J.E.6
  • 20
    • 0000817202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative effects of therapy with captopril and digoxin in patients with mild to moderate heart failure
    • The Captopril-Digoxin Multicenter Research Group
    • The Captopril-Digoxin Multicenter Research Group. Comparative effects of therapy with captopril and digoxin in patients with mild to moderate heart failure. JAMA 59, 539-544 (1998).
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.59 , pp. 539-544
  • 21
    • 33646048754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the effects of carvedilol and metoprolol on well-being morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure a report from the carvedilol or metoprolol european trial comet
    • Cleland JG, Charlesworth A, Lubsen J et al. A comparison of the effects of carvedilol and metoprolol on well-being, morbidity, and mortality in patients with heart failure; a report from the Carvedilol or Metoprolol European Trial (COMET). J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 47, 1603-1611 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. , vol.47 , pp. 1603-1611
    • Cleland, J.G.1    Charlesworth, A.2    Lubsen, J.3
  • 23
    • 83755221772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of antihypertensive and metabolic effects of carvedilol and metoprolol in hypertensive patients with overweight and obesity
    • Martsevich SY, Kutishenko NP, Deev AD et al. Comparison of antihypertensive and metabolic effects of carvedilol and metoprolol in hypertensive patients with overweight and obesity. J. Hypertens. 28, e560 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Hypertens. , vol.28
    • Martsevich, S.Y.1    Kutishenko, N.P.2    Deev, A.D.3
  • 25
    • 0029845423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative hemodynamic, left ventricular functional, and antiadrenergic effects of chronic treatment with metoprolol versus carvedilol in the failing heart
    • Gilbert EM, Abraham WT, Olsen S. Comparative hemodynamic, left ventricular functional, and antiadrenergic effects of chronic treatment with metoprolol versus carvedilol in the failing heart. Circulation 94, 2817-2825 (1996). (Pubitemid 26411746)
    • (1996) Circulation , vol.94 , Issue.11 , pp. 2817-2825
    • Gilbert, E.M.1    Abraham, W.T.2    Olsen, S.3    Hattler, B.4    White, M.5    Mealy, P.6    Larrabee, P.7    Bristow, M.R.8
  • 26
    • 0032843803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can β-blocker therapy be withdrawn from patients with dilated cardiomyopathy?
    • DOI 10.1016/S0002-8703(99)70147-X
    • Morimoto S, Shimizu K, Yamada K et al. Can beta-blocker therapy be withdrawn from patients with dilated cardiomyopathy? Am. Heart J. 138, 456-459 (1999). (Pubitemid 29428767)
    • (1999) American Heart Journal , vol.138 , Issue.3 , pp. 456-459
    • Morimoto, S.-I.1    Shimizu, K.2    Yamada, K.3    Hiramitsu, S.4    Hishida, H.5
  • 27
    • 0030854768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of sympathoinhibition on exercise performance in patients with heart failure
    • Lang CC, Rayos GH, Chomsky DB, Wood, AJJ, Wilson JR. Effects of sympatho inhibition on exercise performance in heart failure. Circulation 96, 238-245 (1997). (Pubitemid 27298427)
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.96 , Issue.1 , pp. 238-245
    • Lang, C.C.1    Rayos, G.H.2    Chomsky, D.B.3    Wood, A.J.J.4    Wilson, J.R.5
  • 29
    • 0027255323 scopus 로고
    • A double-blind comparison of the effects of carvedilol and captopril on serum lipid concentrations in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension and dyslipidaemia
    • Hauf-Zachariou U, Wildmann L, Zulsdorf B et al. A double-blind comparison of the effects of carvedilol and captopril on serum lipid concentrations in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension and dyslipidaemia. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 45, 95-100 (1993). (Pubitemid 23267409)
    • (1993) European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology , vol.45 , Issue.2 , pp. 95-100
    • Hauf-Zachariou, U.1    Widmann, L.2    Zulsdorf, B.3    Hennig, M.4    Lang, P.D.5
  • 30
    • 76949103329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of β-blockers on glucose and lipid metabolism
    • Fonseca VA. Effect of β-blockers on glucose and lipid metabolism. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 26, 615-629 (2010).
    • (2010) Curr. Med. Res. Opin. , vol.26 , pp. 615-629
    • Fonseca, V.A.1
  • 31
    • 65649153181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of heart rate on central aortic pressures and hemodynamics: Analysis from the CAFE conduit artery function evaluation study: Cafe-heart rate
    • Williams B, Lacy PS. Impact of heart rate on central aortic pressures and hemodynamics: analysis from the CAFE (Conduit Artery Function Evaluation) study: CAFE-Heart Rate. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 54, 705-713 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. , vol.54 , pp. 705-713
    • Williams, B.1    Lacy, P.S.2
  • 32
    • 60249084170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controlled-release carvedilol in the management of systemic hypertension and myocardial dysfunction
    • Frishman W, Henderson L, Lukas MA. Controlled-release carvedilol in the management of systemic hypertension and myocardial dysfunction. Vasc. Health Risk Manag. 4, 1387-1400 (2008).
    • (2008) Vasc. Health Risk Manag. , vol.4 , pp. 1387-1400
    • Frishman, W.1    Henderson, L.2    Lukas, M.A.3
  • 34
    • 48449095408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Timing of immunoreactive β-type natriuretic peptide levels and treatment delay in acute decompensated heart failure an adhere acute decompensated heart failure national registry analysis
    • Maisel AS, Peacock WF, McMullin N et al. Timing of immunoreactive β-type natriuretic peptide levels and treatment delay in acute decompensated heart failure. An ADHERE (Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry) analysis. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 52, 534-540 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. , vol.52 , pp. 534-540
    • Maisel, A.S.1    Peacock, W.F.2    McMullin, N.3
  • 35
    • 79959499350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide is a more useful predictor of cardiovascular disease risk than C-reactive protein in older men with and without preexisting cardiovascular disease
    • Wannamethee SG, Welsh P, Lowe GD et al. N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide is a more useful predictor of cardiovascular disease risk than C-reactive protein in older men with and without preexisting cardiovascular disease. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 58, 56-64 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. , vol.58 , pp. 56-64
    • Wannamethee, S.G.1    Welsh, P.2    Lowe, G.D.3
  • 36
    • 18244384960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aortic pressure augmentation predicts adverse cardiovascular events in patients with established coronary artery disease
    • DOI 10.1161/01.HYP.0000165025.16381.44
    • Chirinos JA, Zambrano JP, Chakko S et al. Aortic pressure augmentation predicts adverse cardiovascular events in patients with established coronary artery disease. Hypertension 45, 980-985 (2005). (Pubitemid 40628947)
    • (2005) Hypertension , vol.45 , Issue.5 , pp. 980-985
    • Chirinos, J.A.1    Zambrano, J.P.2    Chakko, S.3    Veerani, A.4    Schob, A.5    Willens, H.J.6    Perez, G.7    Mendez, A.J.8
  • 37
    • 70449111398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review of selective and non-selective beta blockers for prevention of vascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome or heart failure
    • de Peuter OR, Lussan F, Peters RJG et al. A systematic review of selective and non-selective beta blockers for prevention of vascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome or heart failure. Neth. J. Med. 67, 284-294 (2009).
    • (2009) Neth. J. Med. , vol.67 , pp. 284-294
    • De Peuter, O.R.1    Lussan, F.2    Peters, R.J.G.3
  • 38
    • 7644236592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atenolol in hypertension: Is it a wise choice
    • Carlberb B, Samuelsson O, Lindholm LH et al. Atenolol in hypertension: is it a wise choice? Lancet 364, 1684-1689 (2004).
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.364 , pp. 1684-1689
    • Carlberb, B.1    Samuelsson, O.2    Lindholm, L.H.3
  • 40
    • 27544463207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Should β blockers remain first choice in the treatment of primary hypertension? A meta-analysis
    • DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67573-3, PII S0140673605675733
    • Lindholm LH, Carlberg B, Samuelsson O. Should b blockers remain first choice in the treatment of primary hypertension? A meta-analysis. Lancet 366, 1545-1553 (2005). (Pubitemid 41540112)
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.366 , Issue.9496 , pp. 1545-1553
    • Lindholm, L.H.1    Carlberg, B.2    Samuelsson, O.3
  • 41
    • 66649100010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis: β-blocker dose heart rate reduction and death in patients with heart failure
    • McAllister FA, Wiebe N, Ezekowitz JA et al. Meta-analysis: β-blocker dose, heart rate reduction, and death in patients with heart failure. Ann. Intern. Med. 150(11), 784-794 (2009).
    • (2009) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.150 , Issue.11 , pp. 784-794
    • McAllister, F.A.1    Wiebe, N.2    Ezekowitz, J.A.3
  • 43
    • 0035810547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of carvedilol on outcome after myocardial infarction in patients with left-ventricular dysfunction: The CAPRICORN randomised trial
    • DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04560-8
    • Dargie HJ. Effect of carvedilol on outcome after myocardial infarction in patients with left-ventricular dysfunction: the CAPRICORN randomized trial. Lancet 357, 1385-1390 (2001). (Pubitemid 32455364)
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.357 , Issue.9266 , pp. 1385-1390
    • Dargie, H.J.1
  • 44
    • 77957218434 scopus 로고
    • Multicentre study of metoprolol in survivors of acute myocardial infarction
    • Lopressor Intervention Trial Research Group
    • Lopressor Intervention Trial Research Group. Multicentre study of metoprolol in survivors of acute myocardial infarction. Eur. Heart J. 8, 1056-1064 (1987).
    • (1987) Eur. Heart J. , vol.8 , pp. 1056-1064
  • 45
    • 21744433529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the two β-blockers carvedilol and atenolol on left ventricular ejection fraction and clinical endpoints after myocardial infarction: A single-centre, randomized study of 232 patients
    • DOI 10.1159/000084584
    • Jonsson G, Abdelnoor M, Muller C et al. A comparison of the two β-blockers carvedilol and atenolol on left ventricular ejection fraction and clinical endpoints after myocardial infarction: a single-centre, randomized study of 232 patients. Cardiology 103, 148-155 (2005). (Pubitemid 41094863)
    • (2005) Cardiology , vol.103 , Issue.3 , pp. 148-155
    • Jonsson, G.1    Abdelnoor, M.2    Muller, C.3    Kjeldsen, S.E.4    Os, I.5    Westheim, A.6
  • 46
    • 83755190684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of carvedilol compared to atenolol on ejection fraction and clinical endpoints after myocardial infarction
    • Abstract P2892
    • Jonsson G, Abdelnoor M, Muller C et al. Effects of carvedilol compared to atenolol on ejection fraction and clinical endpoints after myocardial infarction. Eur. Heart J. 24, 555 (2003) (Abstract P2892).
    • (2003) Eur. Heart J. , vol.24 , pp. 555
    • Jonsson, G.1    Abdelnoor, M.2    Muller, C.3
  • 47
    • 83755190678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of carvedilol compared to atenolol on ejection fraction and clinical endpoints after myocardial infarction
    • Abstract 1118-1177
    • Jonsson G, Abdelnoor M, Muller C et al. Effects of carvedilol compared to atenolol on ejection fraction and clinical endpoints after myocardial infarction. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 43(Suppl. A), 289A (2004) (Abstract 1118-1177).
    • (2004) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. , vol.43 , Issue.A
    • Jonsson, G.1    Abdelnoor, M.2    Muller, C.3
  • 48
    • 84880067813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of carvedilol versus metoprolol CR/XL on mortality in patients with heart failure treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy: A COX multivariate regression analysis
    • 10.1097/MJT.0b013e3181f2abb3 Epub ahead of print
    • Shen X, Nair CK, Aronow WS et al. Effect of carvedilol versus metoprolol CR/XL on mortality in patients with heart failure treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy: a COX multivariate regression analysis. Am. J. Ther. doi:10.1097/ MJT.0b013e3181f2abb3 (2011) (Epub ahead of print).
    • (2011) Am. J. Ther.
    • Shen, X.1    Nair, C.K.2    Aronow, W.S.3
  • 50
    • 77957218434 scopus 로고
    • Multicentre study of metoprolol in survivors of acute myocardial infarction
    • Lopressor Intervention Trial Research Group
    • Lopressor Intervention Trial Research Group. Multicentre study of metoprolol in survivors of acute myocardial infarction. Eur. Heart J. 8, 1056-1064 (1987).
    • (1987) Eur. Heart J. , vol.8 , pp. 1056-1064
  • 51
    • 84888827980 scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial of intravenous atenolol among 16 027 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-1
    • ISIS-1 Collaborative Group First International Study of Infarct Survival Collaborative Group
    • ISIS-1 Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of intravenous atenolol among 16,027 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-1. First International Study of Infarct Survival Collaborative Group. Lancet 2, 57-66 (1986).
    • (1986) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 57-66
  • 52
    • 0020770962 scopus 로고
    • The Göteborg metoprolol trial effects on mortality and morbidity in acute myocardial infarction
    • Hjalmarson A, Herlitz J, Holmberg S et al. The Göteborg metoprolol trial. Effects on mortality and morbidity in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 67, I26-I32 (1983).
    • (1983) Circulation , vol.67
    • Hjalmarson, A.1    Herlitz, J.2    Holmberg, S.3
  • 53
    • 0021839784 scopus 로고
    • Metoprolol in acute myocardial infarction miami a randomized placebo-controlled international trial
    • MIAMI Trial Research Group
    • MIAMI Trial Research Group. Metoprolol in Acute Myocardial Infarction (MIAMI). A randomized placebo-controlled international trial. Eur. Heart. J. 6, 199-226 (1985).
    • (1985) Eur. Heart. J. , vol.6 , pp. 199-226
  • 54
    • 0026099412 scopus 로고
    • Immediate versus deferred beta-blockade following thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction results of the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction TIMI II-B study
    • Roberts R, Rogers WJ, Mueller HS et al. Immediate versus deferred beta-blockade following thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Results of the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) II-B study. Circulation 83, 422-437 (1991).
    • (1991) Circulation , vol.83 , pp. 422-437
    • Roberts, R.1    Rogers, W.J.2    Mueller, H.S.3
  • 56
    • 27644531361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early intravenous then oral metoprolol in 45852 patients with acute myocardial infarction: Randomised placebo-controlled trial
    • COMMIT collaborative group.
    • COMMIT collaborative group. Early intravenous then oral metoprolol in 45,852 patients with acute myocardial infarction: randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 366, 1622-1632 (2005).
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.366 , pp. 1622-1632
  • 57
    • 76749152763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the efficacy of metoprolol and carvedilol for preventing atrial fibrillation after coronary bypass surgery
    • Acikel S, Bozbas H, Gultekin B et al. Comparison of the efficacy of metoprolol and carvedilol for preventing atrial fibrillation after coronary bypass surgery. Int. J. Cardiol. 135, 393-396 (2009).
    • (2009) Int. J. Cardiol. , vol.135 , pp. 393-396
    • Acikel, S.1    Bozbas, H.2    Gultekin, B.3
  • 58
    • 34548357168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal β-blocker for prevention of atrial fibrillation after on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery: Carvedilol versus metoprolol
    • Khamoushi AJ, Emkanjoo Z, Fazelifar AF et al. Optimal β-blocker for prevention of atrial fibrillation after on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery: carvedilol versus metoprolol. Heart Rhythm 4, 1140-1174 (2007).
    • (2007) Heart Rhythm , vol.4 , pp. 1140-1174
    • Khamoushi, A.J.1    Emkanjoo, Z.2    Fazelifar, A.F.3
  • 59
    • 0033549290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL randomised intervention trial in congestive heart failure MERIT-HF
    • No authors listed
    • No authors listed. Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF). Lancet 353, 2001-2007 (1999).
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.353 , pp. 2001-2007
  • 60
    • 0031050642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised placebo-controlled trial of carvedilol in patients with congestive heart failure due to ischemic heart disease
    • Australia/New Zealand Heart Failure Research Collaborative Group
    • Australia/New Zealand Heart Failure Research Collaborative Group. Randomised, placebo-controlled trial of carvedilol in patients with congestive heart failure due to ischemic heart disease. Lancet 349, 375-380 (1997).
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.349 , pp. 375-380
  • 62
    • 0028092116 scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial of beta-blockade in heart failure the cardiac insufficiency bisoprolol study CIBIS
    • CIBIS Investigators and Committees
    • CIBIS Investigators and Committees. A randomized trial of beta-blockade in heart failure. The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study (CIBIS). Circulation 90, 1765-1773 (1994).
    • (1994) Circulation , vol.90 , pp. 1765-1773
  • 63
    • 0033514046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cardiac insufficiency bisoprolol study II CIBIS-II: A randomized trial
    • No authors listed
    • No authors listed. The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II): a randomized trial. Lancet 353, 9-13 (1999).
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.353 , pp. 9-13
  • 64
    • 26644463786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect on survival and hospitalization of initiating treatment for chronic heart failure with bisoprolol followed by enalapril, as compared with the opposite sequence: Results of the Randomized Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study (CIBIS) III
    • DOI 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.582320
    • Willenheimer R, van Veldhuisen DJ, Silke B et al.; on behalf of the CIBIS III investigators. Effect on survival and hospitalization of initiating treatment for chronic heart failure with bisoprolol followed by enalapril, as compared with the opposite sequence: results of the randomized Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study (CIBIS) III. Circulation 112, 2426-2435 (2005). (Pubitemid 41504492)
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.112 , Issue.16 , pp. 2426-2435
    • Willenheimer, R.1    Van Veldhuisen, D.J.2    Silke, B.3    Erdmann, E.4    Follath, F.5    Krum, H.6    Ponikowski, P.7    Skene, A.8    Van De Ven, L.9    Verkenne, P.10    Lechat, P.11
  • 65
    • 29744456244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible clinical implications of the Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol (CIBIS) III trial
    • Willenheimer R, Silke B. Possible clinical implications of the Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol (CIBIS) III trial. Br. J. Cardiol. 12, 448-454 (2005). (Pubitemid 43023774)
    • (2005) British Journal of Cardiology , vol.12 , Issue.6 , pp. 448-454
    • Willenheimer, R.1    Silke, B.2
  • 66
    • 77949412828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The current role of beta-blockers in chronic heart failure: With special emphasis on the CIBIS III trial
    • Willenheimer R. The current role of beta-blockers in chronic heart failure: with special emphasis on the CIBIS III trial. Eur. Heart J. 11, A15-A20 (2009).
    • (2009) Eur. Heart J. , vol.11
    • Willenheimer, R.1
  • 68
    • 31544446844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of carvedilol and metoprolol in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing primary coronary intervention - The PASSAT study
    • DOI 10.1007/s00392-006-0317-7
    • Tolg R, Witt M, Schwarz B et al. Comparison of carvedilol and metoprolol in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing primary coronary intervention - the PASSAT study. Clin. Res. Cardiol. 95, 31-41 (2006). (Pubitemid 43155313)
    • (2006) Clinical Research in Cardiology , vol.95 , Issue.1 , pp. 31-41
    • Tolg, R.1    Witt, M.2    Schwarz, B.3    Kurz, T.4    Kurowski, V.5    Hartmann, F.6    Geist, V.7    Richardt, G.8
  • 69
    • 0030835669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beneficial effects of intravenous and oral carvedilol treatment in acute myocardial infarction: A placebo-controlled, randomized trial
    • Basu S, Senior R, Raval U, Van Der Does R, Bruckner T, Lahiri A. Benefical effects of intravenous and oral carvedilol treatment in acute myocardial infarction. A placebo controlled randomized trial. Circulation 96, 183-191 (1997). (Pubitemid 27298420)
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.96 , Issue.1 , pp. 183-191
    • Basu, S.1    Senior, R.2    Raval, U.3    Van Der Does, R.4    Bruckner, T.5    Lahiri, A.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.