The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome in obese children

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism

Volumn 24, Issue 11-12, 2011, Pages 907-911

  Gupta, Rishi ^a,b   Bhangoo, Amrit ^a,b   Matthews, Nicole A V ^c   Anhalt, Henry ^d   Matta, Yesu ^a,b   Lamichhane, Basant ^a,b   Malik, Shahid ^a,b   Narwal, Shivinder ^a   Wetzler, Graciela ^a   Ten, Svetlana ^a,b  

^a MAIMONIDES MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b SUNY DOWNSTATE MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c Campbellton Regional Hospital   (Canada)

^d Medical Affairs   (United States)

Author keywords

alanine aminotransferase; children; metabolic syndrome; non alcoholic fatty liver disease; obese

Indexed keywords

ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; CHOLESTEROL; HEMOGLOBIN A1C; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; INSULIN; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; THYROXINE; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE; ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE BLOOD LEVEL; ANTHROPOMETRY; ARTICLE; BIOCHEMISTRY; BODY WEIGHT; CHILD; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; INSULIN BLOOD LEVEL; LIVER DYSFUNCTION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL RECORD REVIEW; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; OBESITY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; SCHOOL CHILD;

ADOLESCENT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ALANINE TRANSAMINASE; CHILD; COHORT STUDIES; FATTY LIVER; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; OBESITY; PREVALENCE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SEX DISTRIBUTION;

EID: 83655190883     PISSN: 0334018X     EISSN: 21910251     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1515/JPEM.2011.282     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Singh GK, Kogan MD, van Dyck PC. Changes in state-specifi c childhood obesity and overweight prevalence in the United States from 2003 to 2007. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2010;164:598-607.
2. Schwimmer JB, Deutsch R, Kahen T, Lavine JE, Stanley C, et al. Prevalence of fatty liver in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 2006;118:1388-93. (Pubitemid 46393782)
3. Rotteveel J, Felius A, van Weissenbruch MM, Delemarre-Van de Waal HA. Insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome in obese children referred to an obesity center. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2010;23:943-51.
4. Collantes R, Ong JP, Younossi ZM. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the epidemic of obesity. Cleve Clin J Med 2004;71:657-64. (Pubitemid 39193341)
5. Day CP. Pathogenesis of steatohepatitis. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2002;16:663-78.
6. Molleston JP, White F, Teckman J, Fitzgerald JF. Obese children with steatohepatitis can develop cirrhosis in childhood. Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97:2460-2.
7. Lopez-Capape M, Lopez-Bermejo A, Alonso Blanco M, Lara Orejas E, Corbaton Blasco J, et al. Fatty liver disease, insulin resistance and adiponectin in an obese pediatric population. An Pediatr (Barc) 2009;71:495-501.
8. van Vliet M, von Rosenstiel IA, Schindhelm RK, Brandjes DP, Beijnen JH, et al. The association of elevated alanine amin-otransferase and the metabolic syndrome in an overweight and obese pediatric population of multi-ethnic origin. Eur J Pediatr 2009;168:585-91.
9. Arslan N, Buyukgebiz B, Ozturk Y, Cakmakci H. Fatty liver in obese children: prevalence and correlation with anthropometric measurements and hyperlipidemia. Turk J Pediatr 2005;47:23-7. (Pubitemid 40590398)
10. Sartorio A, Del Col A, Agosti F, Mazzilli G, Bellentani S, et al. Predictors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese children. Eur J Clin Nutr 2007;61:877-83. (Pubitemid 47040311)
11. Cali AM, Zern TL, Taksali SE, de Oliveira AM, Dufour S, et al. Intrahepatic fat accumulation and alterations in lipoprotein composition in obese adolescents: a perfect proatherogenic state. Diabetes Care 2007;30:3093-8. (Pubitemid 350255255)
12. Radetti G, Kleon W, Stuefer J, Pittschieler K. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese children evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging. Acta Paediatr 2006;95:833-7. (Pubitemid 44261742)
13. Ford ES, Li C. Defi ning the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: will the real defi nition please stand up? J Pediatr 2008;152:160-4.
14. Golley RK, Magarey AM, Steinbeck KS, Baur LA, Daniels LA. Comparison of metabolic syndrome prevalence using six different defi nitions in overweight pre-pubertal children enrolled in a weight management study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2006;30:853-60.
15. Mancini MC. Metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents-criteria for diagnosis. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2009;1:20.
16. Update on the 1987 Task Force Report on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents: a working group report from the National High Blood Pressure Education Program. National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on Hypertension Control in Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics 1996;98(4 Pt 1):649-58.
17. Day CP, James OF. Steatohepatitis: a tale of two "hits"? Gastroenterology 1998;114:842-5.
18. Sanyal AJ. Mechanisms of disease: pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005;2:46-53. (Pubitemid 40812527)
19. Burgert TS, Taksali SE, Dziura J, Goodman TR, Yeckel CW, et al. Alanine aminotransferase levels and fatty liver in childhood obesity: associations with insulin resistance, adiponectin, and visceral fat. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;91:4287-94. (Pubitemid 44833400)
20. Graham RC, Burke A, Stettler N. Ethnic and sex differences in the association between metabolic syndrome and suspected nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a nationally representative sample of US adolescents. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2009;49:442-9.
21. Schwimmer JB, McGreal N, Deutsch R, Finegold MJ, Lavine JE. Infl uence of gender, race, and ethnicity on suspected fatty liver in obese adolescents. Pediatrics 2005;115:e561-5. (Pubitemid 43843214)
22. Strauss RS, Barlow SE, Dietz WH. Prevalence of abnormal serum aminotransferase values in overweight and obese adolescents. J Pediatr 2000;136:727-33. (Pubitemid 30415644)
23. Fishbein MH, Miner M, Mogren C, Chalekson J. The spectrum of fatty liver in obese children and the relationship of serum ami-notransferases to severity of steatosis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2003;36:54-61. (Pubitemid 41672620)
24. Schwimmer JB, Behling C, Newbury R, Deutsch R, Nievergelt C, et al. Histopathology of pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 2005;42:641-9. (Pubitemid 41233657)
25. Schwimmer JB, Deutsch R, Rauch JB, Behling C, Newbury R, et al. Obesity, insulin resistance, and other clinicopathological correlates of pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Pediatr 2003;143:500-5. (Pubitemid 37352510)
26. Fraser A, Longnecker MP, Lawlor DA. Prevalence of elevated alanine aminotransferase among US adolescents and associated factors: NHANES 1999-2004. Gastroenterology 2007;133:1814-20. (Pubitemid 350186161)
27. Denzer C, Thiere D, Muche R, Koenig W, Mayer H, et al. Gender-specifi c prevalences of fatty liver in obese children and adolescents: roles of body fat distribution, sex steroids, and insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009;94:3872-81.
28. Schwartz B, Jacobs DR, Jr., Moran A, Steinberger J, Hong CP, et al. Measurement of insulin sensitivity in children: comparison between the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp and surrogate measures. Diabetes Care 2008;31:783-8.
29. Carulli L, Lonardo A, Lombardini S, Marchesini G, Loria P. Gender, fatty liver and GGT. Hepatology 2006;44:278-9.
30. Clark JM, Brancati FL, Diehl AM. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology 2002;122:1649-57. (Pubitemid 34533559)
31. McKenzie J, Fisher BM, Jaap AJ, Stanley A, Paterson K, et al. Effects of HRT on liver enzyme levels in women with type 2 diabetes: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2006;65:40-4.
32. Kauffman RP, Baker TE, Baker V, Kauffman MM, Castracane VD. Endocrine factors associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: do androgens play a role? Gynecol Endocrinol 2010;26:39-46.
33. Vassilatou E, Lafoyianni S, Vryonidou A, Ioannidis D, Kosma L, et al. Increased androgen bioavailability is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod 2010;25:212-20.
34. Enzi G, Gasparo M, Biondetti PR, Fiore D, Semisa M, et al. Subcutaneous and visceral fat distribution according to sex, age, and overweight, evaluated by computed tomography. Am J Clin Nutr 1986;44:739-46. (Pubitemid 17208993)
35. Lemieux S, Prud'homme D, Bouchard C, Tremblay A, Despres JP. Sex differences in the relation of visceral adipose tissue accumulation to total body fatness. Am J Clin Nutr 1993;58:463-7. (Pubitemid 23307401)
36. Banerji MA, Buckley MC, Chaiken RL, Gordon D, Lebovitz HE, et al. Liver fat, serum triglycerides and visceral adipose tissue in insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant black men with NIDDM. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1995;19:846-50. (Pubitemid 26003019)
37. Meek SE, Nair KS, Jensen MD. Insulin regulation of regional free fatty acid metabolism. Diabetes 1999;48:10-4. (Pubitemid 29019346)
38. Schwimmer JB, Pardee PE, Lavine JE, Blumkin AK, Cook S. Cardiovascular risk factors and the metabolic syndrome in pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Circulation 2008;118:277-83.
39. Chan DF, Li AM, Chu WC, Chan MH, Wong EM, et al. Hepatic steatosis in obese Chinese children. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2004;28:1257-63. (Pubitemid 39389582)
40. Oh SY, Cho YK, Kang MS, Yoo TW, Park JH, et al. The association between increased alanine aminotransferase activity and metabolic factors in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Metabolism 2006;55:1604-9.
41. Chitturi S, Abeygunasekera S, Farrell GC, Holmes-Walker J, Hui JM, et al. NASH and insulin resistance: insulin hypersecretion and specifi c association with the insulin resistance syndrome. Hepatology 2002;35:373-9. (Pubitemid 34106377)
42. Chalasani N, Deeg MA, Persohn S, Crabb DW. Metabolic and anthropometric evaluation of insulin resistance in nondiabetic patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2003;98:1849-55. (Pubitemid 36959169)
43. Tessari P, Coracina A, Cosma A, Tiengo A. Hepatic lipid metabolism and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2009;19:291-302.
44. Malhi H, Gores GJ. Molecular mechanisms of lipotoxic-ity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Semin Liver Dis 2008;28:360-9.
45. Kocak N, Yuce A, Gurakan F, Ozen H. Obesity: a cause of steato-hepatitis in children. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:1099-100.