Wnt11 in 2011 - the regulation and function of a non-canonical Wnt

Acta Physiologica

Volumn 204, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 52-64

  Uysal Onganer, P ^a   Kypta, R M ^a,b  

^a IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b CIC BIOGUNE   (Spain)

Author keywords

catenin; Cell differentiation; Wnt11

Indexed keywords

BETA CATENIN; DISHEVELLED PROTEIN; FIBRONECTIN; FRIZZLED PROTEIN; GLIAL CELL LINE DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; LYMPHOID ENHANCER FACTOR 1; NERVE CELL ADHESION MOLECULE; T CELL FACTOR PROTEIN; UVOMORULIN; WNT PROTEIN; WNT11 PROTEIN;

APOPTOSIS; CANCER CELL; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL INVASION; CELL MIGRATION; CELL PROLIFERATION; CELL SURVIVAL; ENZYME ACTIVITY; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; HEART DEVELOPMENT; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN PURIFICATION; RECEPTOR BINDING; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION;

ANIMALS; BETA CATENIN; CELL ADHESION; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL MOVEMENT; FRIZZLED RECEPTORS; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; HUMANS; NEOPLASMS; PROTEIN ISOFORMS; WNT PROTEINS; WNT SIGNALING PATHWAY;

EID: 83155180656     PISSN: 17481708     EISSN: 17481716     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02297.x     Document Type: Review

References (112)

1. Abdul-Ghani, M., Dufort, D., Stiles, R., De Repentigny, Y., Kothary, R. & Megeney, L.A. 2010. Wnt11 promotes cardiomyocyte development by caspase-mediated suppression of canonical Wnt signals. Mol Cell Biol 31, 163-178.
2. Adamson, M.C., Dennis, C., Delaney, S., Christiansen, J., Monkley, S., Kozak, C.A. & Wainwright, B. 1994. Isolation and genetic mapping of two novel members of the murine Wnt gene family, Wnt11 and Wnt12, and the mapping of Wnt5a and Wnt7a. Genomics 24, 9-13.
3. Afouda, B.A., Martin, J., Liu, F., Ciau-Uitz, A., Patient, R. & Hoppler, S. 2008. GATA transcription factors integrate Wnt signalling during heart development. Development 135, 3185-3190.
4. Anton, R., Kestler, H.A. & Kuhl, M. 2007. Beta-catenin signaling contributes to stemness and regulates early differentiation in murine embryonic stem cells. FEBS Lett 581, 5247-5254.
5. Belema Bedada, F., Technau, A., Ebelt, H., Schulze, M. & Braun, T. 2005. Activation of myogenic differentiation pathways in adult bone marrow-derived stem cells. Mol Cell Biol 25, 9509-9519.
6. Bengochea, A., de Souza, M.M., Lefrancois, L., Le Roux, E., Galy, O., Chemin, I., Kim, M., Wands, J.R., Trepo, C., Hainaut, P., Scoazec, J.Y., Vitvitski, L. & Merle, P. 2008. Common dysregulation of Wnt/Frizzled receptor elements in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Br J Cancer 99, 143-150.
7. Bergwitz, C., Wendlandt, T., Kispert, A. & Brabant, G. 2001. Wnts differentially regulate colony growth and differentiation of chondrogenic rat calvaria cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 1538, 129-140.
8. Brandon, C., Eisenberg, L.M. & Eisenberg, C.A. 2000. WNT signaling modulates the diversification of hematopoietic cells. Blood 96, 4132-4141.
9. Cajanek, L., Adlerz, L., Bryja, V. & Arenas, E. 2010. WNT unrelated activities in commercially available preparations of recombinant WNT3a. J Cell Biochem 111, 1077-1079.
10. Carvallo, L., Munoz, R., Bustos, F., Escobedo, N., Carrasco, H., Olivares, G. & Larrain, J. 2010. Non-canonical Wnt signaling induces ubiquitination and degradation of Syndecan4. J Biol Chem 285, 29546-29555.
11. Cavodeassi, F., Carreira-Barbosa, F., Young, R.M., Concha, M.L., Allende, M.L., Houart, C., Tada, M. & Wilson, S.W. 2005. Early stages of zebrafish eye formation require the coordinated activity of Wnt11, Fz5, and the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. Neuron 47, 43-56.
12. Cha, S.W., Tadjuidje, E., Tao, Q., Wylie, C. & Heasman, J. 2008. Wnt5a and Wnt11 interact in a maternal Dkk1-regulated fashion to activate both canonical and non-canonical signaling in Xenopus axis formation. Development 135, 3719-3729.
13. Cha, S.W., Tadjuidje, E., White, J., Wells, J., Mayhew, C., Wylie, C. & Heasman, J. 2009. Wnt11/5a complex formation caused by tyrosine sulfation increases canonical signaling activity. Curr Biol 19, 1573-1580.
14. Chen, A.E., Ginty, D.D. & Fan, C.M. 2005. Protein kinase A signalling via CREB controls myogenesis induced by Wnt proteins. Nature 433, 317-322.
15. Cho, S.J., Valles, Y., Giani, V.C., Jr, Seaver, E.C. & Weisblat, D.A. 2010. Evolutionary dynamics of the wnt gene family: a lophotrochozoan perspective. Mol Biol Evol 27, 1645-1658.
16. Christiansen, J.H., Dennis, C.L., Wicking, C.A., Monkley, S.J., Wilkinson, D.G. & Wainwright, B.J. 1995. Murine Wnt-11 and Wnt-12 have temporally and spatially restricted expression patterns during embryonic development. Mech Dev 51, 341-350.
17. Christiansen, J.H., Monkley, S.J. & Wainwright, B.J. 1996. Murine WNT11 is a secreted glycoprotein that morphologically transforms mammary epithelial cells. Oncogene 12, 2705-2711.
18. De Calisto, J., Araya, C., Marchant, L., Riaz, C.F. & Mayor, R. 2005. Essential role of non-canonical Wnt signalling in neural crest migration. Development 132, 2587-2597.
19. Djiane, A., Riou, J., Umbhauer, M., Boucaut, J. & Shi, D. 2000. Role of frizzled 7 in the regulation of convergent extension movements during gastrulation in Xenopus laevis. Development 127, 3091-3100.
20. Du, S.J., Purcell, S.M., Christian, J.L., McGrew, L.L. & Moon, R.T. 1995. Identification of distinct classes and functional domains of Wnts through expression of wild-type and chimeric proteins in Xenopus embryos. Mol Cell Biol 15, 2625-2634.
21. Dwyer, M.A., Joseph, J.D., Wade, H.E., Eaton, M.L., Kunder, R.S., Kazmin, D., Chang, C.Y. & McDonnell, D.P. 2010. WNT11 expression is induced by estrogen-related receptor {alpha} and {beta}-catenin and acts in an autocrine manner to increase cancer cell migration. Cancer Res 70, 9298-9308.
22. Dzamba, B.J., Jakab, K.R., Marsden, M., Schwartz, M.A. & Desimone, D.W. 2009. Cadherin adhesion, tissue tension, and non-canonical Wnt signaling regulate fibronectin matrix organization. Dev Cell 16, 421-432.
23. Eisenberg, C.A. & Eisenberg, L.M. 1999. WNT11 promotes cardiac tissue formation of early mesoderm. Dev Dyn 216, 45-58.
24. Eisenberg, C.A. & Markwald, R.R. 1997. Mixed cultures of avian blastoderm cells and the quail mesoderm cell line QCE-6 provide evidence for the pluripotentiality of early mesoderm. Dev Biol 191, 167-181.
25. Eisenberg, C.A., Gourdie, R.G. & Eisenberg, L.M. 1997. Wnt-11 is expressed in early avian mesoderm and required for the differentiation of the quail mesoderm cell line QCE-6. Development 124, 525-536.
26. Elizalde, C., Campa, V.M., Caro, M., Schlangen, K., Aransay, A.M., Del Mar Vivanco, M. & Kypta, R.M. 2011. Distinct roles for Wnt-4 and Wnt-11 during retinoic acid-induced neuronal differentiation. Stem Cells 29, 141-153.
27. Flaherty, M.P. & Dawn, B. 2008. Non-canonical Wnt11 signaling and cardiomyogenic differentiation. Trends Cardiovasc Med 18, 260-268.
28. Freeman, S.D., Moore, W.M., Guiral, E.C., Holme, A.D., Turnbull, J.E. & Pownall, M.E. 2008. Extracellular regulation of developmental cell signaling by XtSulf1. Dev Biol 320, 436-445.
29. Friedman, M.S., Oyserman, S.M. & Hankenson, K.D. 2009. Wnt11 promotes osteoblast maturation and mineralization through R-spondin 2. J Biol Chem 284, 14117-14125.
30. Garriock, R.J. & Krieg, P.A. 2007. Wnt11-R signaling regulates a calcium sensitive EMT event essential for dorsal fin development of Xenopus. Dev Biol 304, 127-140.
31. Garriock, R.J., D'agostino, S.L., Pilcher, K.C. & Krieg, P.A. 2005. Wnt11-R, a protein closely related to mammalian Wnt11, is required for heart morphogenesis in Xenopus. Dev Biol 279, 179-192.
32. Gessert, S. & Kuhl, M. 2010. The multiple phases and faces of wnt signaling during cardiac differentiation and development. Circ Res 107, 186-199.
33. Gros, J., Serralbo, O. & Marcelle, C. 2009. WNT11 acts as a directional cue to organize the elongation of early muscle fibres. Nature 457, 589-593.
34. Hardy, K.M., Garriock, R.J., Yatskievych, T.A., D'agostino, S.L., Antin, P.B. & Krieg, P.A. 2008. Non-canonical Wnt signaling through Wnt5a/b and a novel Wnt11 gene, Wnt11b, regulates cell migration during avian gastrulation. Dev Biol 320, 391-401.
35. Hayashi, K., Yoshioka, S., Reardon, S.N., Rucker, E.B., III, Spencer, T.E., Demayo, F.J., Lydon, J.P. & Maclean, J.A., II 2010. WNTs in the Neonatal Mouse Uterus: Potential Regulation of Endometrial Gland Development. Biol Reprod 84, 308-319.
36. He, F., Xiong, W., Yu, X., Espinoza-Lewis, R., Liu, C., Gu, S., Nishita, M., Suzuki, K., Yamada, G., Minami, Y. & Chen, Y. 2008. Wnt5a regulates directional cell migration and cell proliferation via Ror2-mediated non-canonical pathway in mammalian palate development. Development 135, 3871-3879.
37. Heisenberg, C.P., Tada, M., Rauch, G.J., Saude, L., Concha, M.L., Geisler, R., Stemple, D.L., Smith, J.C. & Wilson, S.W. 2000. Silberblick/Wnt11 mediates convergent extension movements during zebrafish gastrulation. Nature 405, 76-81.
38. Hikasa, H., Shibata, M., Hiratani, I. & Taira, M. 2002. The Xenopus receptor tyrosine kinase Xror2 modulates morphogenetic movements of the axial mesoderm and neuroectoderm via Wnt signaling. Development 129, 5227-5239.
39. Iioka, H., Iemura, S., Natsume, T. & Kinoshita, N. 2007. Wnt signalling regulates paxillin ubiquitination essential for mesodermal cell motility. Nat Cell Biol 9, 813-821.
40. Iioka, H., Doerner, S.K. & Tamai, K. 2009. Kaiso is a bimodal modulator for Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. FEBS Lett 583, 627-632.
41. Janssen, R., Le Gouar, M., Pechmann, M., Poulin, F., Bolognesi, R., Schwager, E.E., Hopfen, C., Colbourne, J.K., Budd, G.E., Brown, S.J. et al. 2010. Conservation, loss, and redeployment of Wnt ligands in protostomes: implications for understanding the evolution of segment formation. BMC Evol Biol 10, 374-394.
42. Jing, L., Lefebvre, J.L., Gordon, L.R. & Granato, M. 2009. Wnt signals organize synaptic prepattern and axon guidance through the zebrafish unplugged/MuSK receptor. Neuron 61, 721-733.
43. Katoh, M. 2009. Integrative genomic analyses of WNT11: transcriptional mechanisms based on canonical WNT signals and GATA transcription factors signaling. Int J Mol Med 24, 247-251.
44. Kestler, H.A. & Kühl, M. 2008. From individual Wnt pathways towards a Wnt signalling network. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 363, 1333-1347.
45. Kestler, H.A., Wawra, C., Kracher, B. & Kuhl, M. 2008. Network modeling of signal transduction: establishing the global view. Bioessays 30, 1110-1125.
46. Kim, S.W., Park, J.I., Spring, C.M., Sater, A.K., Ji, H., Otchere, A.A., Daniel, J.M. & Mccrea, P.D. 2004. Non-canonical Wnt signals are modulated by the Kaiso transcriptional repressor and p120-catenin. Nat Cell Biol 6, 1212-1220.
47. Kim, D.J., Park, C.S., Yoon, J.K. & Song, W.K. 2008. Differential expression of the Wnt and Frizzled genes in Flk1+ cells derived from mouse ES cells. Cell Biochem Funct 26, 24-32.
48. Kirikoshi, H., Sekihara, H. & Katoh, M. 2001. Molecular cloning and characterization of human WNT11. Int J Mol Med 8, 651-656.
49. Kispert, A., Vainio, S. & McMahon, A.P. 1998. Wnt-4 is a mesenchymal signal for epithelial transformation of metanephric mesenchyme in the developing kidney. Development 125, 4225-4234.
50. Kispert, A., Vainio, S., Shen, L., Rowitch, D.H. & McMahon, A.P. 1996. Proteoglycans are required for maintenance of Wnt-11 expression in the ureter tips. Development 122, 3627-3637.
51. Kobayashi, K., Klyachko, E., Thorne, T., Jujo, K., Tongers, J., Misener, S. & Losordo, D.W. 2009. Abstract 2099: AAV9-Wnt11 gene therapy improves cardiac recovery after myocardial infarction by modulating the inflammatory response. Circulation 120, S593a.
52. Kofron, M., Birsoy, B., Houston, D., Tao, Q., Wylie, C. & Heasman, J. 2007. Wnt11/beta-catenin signaling in both oocytes and early embryos acts through LRP6-mediated regulation of axin. Development 134, 503-513.
53. Koyanagi, M., Haendeler, J., Badorff, C., Brandes, R.P., Hoffmann, J., Pandur, P., Zeiher, A.M., Kuhl, M. & Dimmeler, S. 2005. Non-canonical Wnt signaling enhances differentiation of human circulating progenitor cells to cardiomyogenic cells. J Biol Chem 280, 16838-16842.
54. Ku, M. & Melton, D. A. 1993. Xwnt-11: a maternally expressed Xenopus wnt gene. Development 119, 1161-1173.
55. Kuhl, M., Sheldahl, L.C., Malbon, C.C. & Moon, R.T. 2000. Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II is stimulated by Wnt and Frizzled homologs and promotes ventral cell fates in Xenopus. J Biol Chem 275, 12701-12711.
56. Lako, M., Strachan, T., Bullen, P., Wilson, D.I., Robson, S.C. & Lindsay, S. 1998. Isolation, characterisation and embryonic expression of WNT11, a gene which maps to 11q13.5 and has possible roles in the development of skeleton, kidney and lung. Gene 219, 101-110.
57. Lee, J.M., Kim, J.Y., Cho, K.W., Lee, M.J., Cho, S.W., Kwak, S., Cai, J. & Jung, H.S. 2008. Wnt11/Fgfr1b cross-talk modulates the fate of cells in palate development. Dev Biol 314, 341-350.
58. Li, G. & Iyengar, R. 2002. Calpain as an effector of the Gq signaling pathway for inhibition of Wnt/beta-catenin-regulated cell proliferation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99, 13254-13259.
59. Li, L, Hutchins, B.I. & Kalil, K. 2009. Wnt5a induces simultaneous cortical axon outgrowth and repulsive axon guidance through distinct signaling mechanisms. J Neurosci 29, 5873-5883.
60. Lickert, H., Kispert, A., Kutsch, S. & Kemler, R. 2001. Expression patterns of Wnt genes in mouse gut development. Mech Dev 105, 181-184.
61. Lin, C.Y., Vega, V.B., Thomsen, J.S., Zhang, T., Kong, S.L., Xie, M., Chiu, K.P., Lipovich, L., Barnett, D.H., Stossi, F. et al. 2007a. Whole-genome cartography of estrogen receptor alpha binding sites. PLoS Genet 3, e87.
62. Lin, Z., Reierstad, S., Huang, C.C. & Bulun, S.E. 2007b. Novel estrogen receptor-alpha binding sites and estradiol target genes identified by chromatin immunoprecipitation cloning in breast cancer. Cancer Res 67, 5017-5024.
63. Majumdar, A., Vainio, S., Kispert, A., Mcmahon, J. & Mcmahon, A.P. 2003. Wnt11 and Ret/Gdnf pathways cooperate in regulating ureteric branching during metanephric kidney development. Development 130, 3175-3185.
64. Makita, R., Mizuno, T., Koshida, S., Kuroiwa, A. & Takeda, H. 1998. Zebrafish wnt11: pattern and regulation of the expression by the yolk cell and No tail activity. Mech Dev 71, 165-176.
65. Marlow, F., Topczewski, J., Sepich, D. & Solnica-Krezel, L. 2002. Zebrafish Rho kinase 2 acts downstream of Wnt11 to mediate cell polarity and effective convergence and extension movements. Curr Biol 12, 876-884.
66. Matsui, T., Raya, A., Kawakami, Y., Callol-Massot, C., Capdevila, J., Rodriguez-Esteban, C. & Izpisua Belmonte, J.C. 2005. Non-canonical Wnt signaling regulates midline convergence of organ primordia during zebrafish development. Genes Dev 19, 164-175.
67. Matthews, H.K., Broders-Bondon, F., Thiery, J.P. & Mayor, R. 2008. Wnt11r is required for cranial neural crest migration. Dev Dyn 237, 3404-3409.
68. Maye, P., Zheng, J., Li, L. & Wu, D. 2004. Multiple mechanisms for Wnt11-mediated repression of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 279, 24659-24665.
69. Mochmann, L.H., Bock, J., Ortiz-Tanchez, J., Schlee, C., Bohne, A., Neumann, K., Hofmann, W.K., Thiel, E. & Baldus, C.D. 2011. Genome-wide screen reveals WNT11, a non-canonical WNT gene, as a direct target of ETS transcription factor ERG. Oncogene [Epub ahead of print].
70. Mohamed, O.A., Dufort, D. & Clarke, H.J. 2004. Expression and estradiol regulation of Wnt genes in the mouse blastocyst identify a candidate pathway for embryo-maternal signaling at implantation. Biol Reprod 71, 417-424.
71. Munoz, R., Moreno, M., Oliva, C., Orbenes, C. & Larrain, J. 2006. Syndecan-4 regulates non-canonical Wnt signalling and is essential for convergent and extension movements in Xenopus embryos. Nat Cell Biol 8, 492-500.
72. Nagy, Ii, Railo, A., Rapila, R., Hast, T., Sormunen, R., Tavi, P., Rasanen, J. & Vainio, S.J. 2010. Wnt-11 signalling controls ventricular myocardium development by patterning N-cadherin and beta-catenin expression. Cardiovasc Res 85, 100-109.
73. Nikolova, T., Wu, M., Brumbarov, K., Alt, R., Opitz, H., Boheler, K.R., Cross, M. & Wobus, A.M. 2007. WNT-conditioned media differentially affect the proliferation and differentiation of cord blood-derived CD133+ cells in vitro. Differentiation 75, 100-111.
74. Ohkawara, B. & Niehrs, C. 2011. An ATF2-based luciferase reporter to monitor non-canonical Wnt signaling in Xenopus embryos. Dev Dyn 240, 188-194.
75. Ohkawara, B., Yamamoto, T.S., Tada, M. & Ueno, N. 2003. Role of glypican 4 in the regulation of convergent extension movements during gastrulation in Xenopus laevis. Development 130, 2129-2138.
76. Oteiza, P., Koppen, M., Krieg, M., Pulgar, E., Farias, C., Melo, C., Preibisch, S., Muller, D., Tada, M., Hartel, S., Heisenberg, C.P. & Concha, M.L. 2010. Planar cell polarity signalling regulates cell adhesion properties in progenitors of the zebrafish laterality organ. Development 137, 3459-3468.
77. Ouko, L., Ziegler, T.R., Gu, L.H., Eisenberg, L.M. & Yang, V.W. 2004. Wnt11 signaling promotes proliferation, transformation, and migration of IEC6 intestinal epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 279, 26707-26715.
78. Panakova, D., Werdich, A.A. & Macrae, C.A. 2010. Wnt11 patterns a myocardial electrical gradient through regulation of the L-type Ca(2+) channel. Nature, 466, 874-878.
79. Pandur, P., Lasche, M., Eisenberg, L.M. & Kuhl, M. 2002. Wnt-11 activation of a non-canonical Wnt signalling pathway is required for cardiogenesis. Nature 418, 636-641.
80. Park, J.I., Kim, S.W., Lyons, J.P., Ji, H., Nguyen, T.T., Cho, K., Barton, M.C., Deroo, T., Vleminckx, K., Moon, R.T. & Mccrea, P.D. 2005. Kaiso/p120-catenin and TCF/beta-catenin complexes coordinately regulate canonical Wnt gene targets. Dev Cell 8, 843-854.
81. Penzo-Mendez, A., Umbhauer, M., Djiane, A., Boucaut, J.C. & Riou, J.F. 2003. Activation of Gbetagamma signaling downstream of Wnt-11/Xfz7 regulates Cdc42 activity during Xenopus gastrulation. Dev Biol 257, 302-314.
82. Pepicelli, C.V., Kispert, A., Rowitch, D.H. & Mcmahon, A.P. 1997. GDNF induces branching and increased cell proliferation in the ureter of the mouse. Dev Biol, 192, 193-198.
83. Pfeufer, A., Van Noord, C., Marciante, K.D., Arking, D.E., Larson, M.G., Smith, A.V., Tarasov, K.V., Muller, M., Sotoodehnia, N., Sinner, M.F. et al. 2010. Genome-wide association study of PR interval. Nat Genet 42, 153-159.
84. Pizzatti, L., Binato, R., Cofre, J., Gomes, B.E., Dobbin, J., Haussmann, M.E., D'Azambuja, D., Bouzas, L.F. & Abdelhay, E. 2010. SUZ12 is a candidate target of the non-canonical WNT pathway in the progression of chronic myeloid leukemia. Genes Chromosom Cancer 49, 107-118.
85. Railo, A., Nagy, I.I., Kilpelainen, P. & Vainio, S. 2008. Wnt-11 signaling leads to down-regulation of the Wnt/beta-catenin, JNK/AP-1 and NF-kappaB pathways and promotes viability in the CHO-K1 cells. Exp Cell Res 314, 2389-2399.
86. Ruzov, A., Hackett, J.A., Prokhortchouk, A., Reddington, J.P., Madej, M.J., Dunican, D.S., Prokhortchouk, E., Pennings, S. & Meehan, R.R. 2009a. The interaction of xKaiso with xTcf3: a revised model for integration of epigenetic and Wnt signalling pathways. Development 136, 723-727.
87. Ruzov, A., Savitskaya, E., Hackett, J.A., Reddington, J.P., Prokhortchouk, A., Madej, M.J., Chekanov, N., Li, M., Dunican, D.S., Prokhortchouk, E., Pennings, S. & Meehan, R.R. 2009b. The non-methylated DNA-binding function of Kaiso is not required in early Xenopus laevis development. Development 136, 729-738.
88. Soto, X., Mayor, R., Torrejon, M., Montecino, M., Hinrichs, M.V. & Olate, J. 2008. Galphaq negatively regulates the Wnt-beta-catenin pathway and dorsal embryonic Xenopus laevis development. J Cell Physiol 214, 483-490.
89. Summerhurst, K., Stark, M., Sharpe, J., Davidson, D. & Murphy, P. 2008. 3D representation of Wnt and Frizzled gene expression patterns in the mouse embryo at embryonic day 11.5 (Ts19). Gene Expr Patterns 8, 331-348.
90. Tada, M. & Smith, J.C. 2000. Xwnt11 is a target of Xenopus Brachyury: regulation of gastrulation movements via Dishevelled, but not through the canonical Wnt pathway. Development 127, 2227-2238.
91. Tanda, N., Ohuchi, H., Yoshioka, H., Noji, S. & Nohno, T. 1995. A chicken Wnt gene, Wnt-11, is involved in dermal development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 211, 123-129.
92. Tao, Q., Yokota, C., Puck, H., Kofron, M., Birsoy, B., Yan, D., Asashima, M., Wylie, C.C., Lin, X. & Heasman, J. 2005. Maternal wnt11 activates the canonical wnt signaling pathway required for axis formation in Xenopus embryos. Cell 120, 857-871.
93. Taylor, M.M., Bagley, S.L. & Samson, W.K. 2005. Intermedin/adrenomedullin-2 acts within central nervous system to elevate blood pressure and inhibit food and water intake. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 288, R919-R927.
94. Terami, H., Hidaka, K., Katsumata, T., Iio, A. & Morisaki, T. 2004. Wnt11 facilitates embryonic stem cell differentiation to Nkx2.5-positive cardiomyocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 325, 968-975.
95. Tomlins, S.A., Rhodes, D.R., Perner, S., Dhanasekaran, S.M., Mehra, R., Sun, X.W., Varambally, S., Cao, X., Tchinda, J., Kuefer, R. et al. 2005. Recurrent fusion of TMPRSS2 and ETS transcription factor genes in prostate cancer. Science 310, 644-648.
96. Toyama, T., Lee, H.C., Koga, H., Wands, J.R. & Kim, M. 2010. Non-canonical Wnt11 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and migration. Mol Cancer Res 8, 254-265.
97. Ueno, S., Weidinger, G., Osugi, T., Kohn, A.D., Golob, J.L., Pabon, L., Reinecke, H., Moon, R.T. & Murry, C.E. 2007. Biphasic role for Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in cardiac specification in zebrafish and embryonic stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104, 9685-9690.
98. Ueno, K., Hazama, S., Mitomori, S., Nishioka, M., Suehiro, Y., Hirata, H., Oka, M., Imai, K., Dahiya, R. & Hinoda, Y. 2009. Down-regulation of frizzled-7 expression decreases survival, invasion and metastatic capabilities of colon cancer cells. Br J Cancer 101, 1374-1381.
99. Ulrich, F., Concha, M.L., Heid, P.J., Voss, E., Witzel, S., Roehl, H., Tada, M., Wilson, S.W., Adams, R.J., Soll, D.R. & Heisenberg, C.P. 2003. Slb/Wnt11 controls hypoblast cell migration and morphogenesis at the onset of zebrafish gastrulation. Development 130, 5375-5384.
100. Ulrich, F., Krieg, M., Schotz, E.M., Link, V., Castanon, I., Schnabel, V., Taubenberger, A., Mueller, D., Puech, P.H. & Heisenberg, C.P. 2005. Wnt11 functions in gastrulation by controlling cell cohesion through Rab5c and E-cadherin. Dev Cell 9, 555-564.
101. Uysal-Onganer, P., Kawano, Y., Caro, M., Walker, M.M., Diez, S., Darrington, R.S., Waxman, J. & Kypta, R.M. 2010. Wnt-11 promotes neuroendocrine-like differentiation, survival and migration of prostate cancer cells. Mol Cancer 9, 55.
102. Vijayaragavan, K., Szabo, E., Bosse, M., Ramos-Mejia, V., Moon, R.T. & Bhatia, M. 2009. Non-canonical Wnt signaling orchestrates early developmental events toward hematopoietic cell fate from human embryonic stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 4, 248-262.
103. Wang, Z., Shu, W., Lu, M.M. & Morrisey, E.E. 2005. Wnt7b activates canonical signaling in epithelial and vascular smooth muscle cells through interactions with Fzd1, Fzd10, and LRP5. Mol Cell Biol 25, 5022-5030.
104. Westfall, T.A., Brimeyer, R., Twedt, J., Gladon, J., Olberding, A., Furutani-Seiki, M. & Slusarski, D.C. 2003. Wnt-5/pipetail functions in vertebrate axis formation as a negative regulator of Wnt/beta-catenin activity. J Cell Biol 162, 889-898.
105. Witte, F., Dokas, J., Neuendorf, F., Mundlos, S. & Stricker, S. 2009. Comprehensive expression analysis of all Wnt genes and their major secreted antagonists during mouse limb development and cartilage differentiation. Gene Expr Patterns 9, 215-223.
106. Witzel, S., Zimyanin, V., Carreira-Barbosa, F., Tada, M. & Heisenberg, C.P. 2006. Wnt11 controls cell contact persistence by local accumulation of Frizzled 7 at the plasma membrane. J Cell Biol 175, 791-802.
107. Yamanaka, H. & Nishida, E. 2007. Wnt11 stimulation induces polarized accumulation of Dishevelled at apical adherens junctions through Frizzled7. Genes Cells 12, 961-967.
108. Yang, X., Chen, M.W., Terry, S., Vacherot, F., Chopin, D.K., Bemis, D.L., Kitajewski, J., Benson, M.C., Guo, Y. & Buttyan, R. 2005. A human- and male-specific protocadherin that acts through the wnt signaling pathway to induce neuroendocrine transdifferentiation of prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res 65, 5263-5271.
109. Ye, X., Wang, Y., Rattner, A. & Nathans, J. 2011. Genetic mosaic analysis reveals a major role for frizzled 4 and frizzled 8 in controlling ureteric growth in the developing kidney. Development 138, 1161-1172.
110. Zhou, W., Lin, L., Majumdar, A., Li, X., Zhang, X., Liu, W., Etheridge, L., Shi, Y., Martin, J., Van De Ven, W., Kaartinen, V., Wynshaw-Boris, A., Mcmahon, A.P., Rosenfeld, M.G. & Evans, S.M. 2007. Modulation of morphogenesis by non-canonical Wnt signaling requires ATF/CREB family-mediated transcriptional activation of TGFbeta2. Nat Genet 39, 1225-1234.
111. Zhu, H., Mazor, M., Kawano, Y., Walker, M.M., Leung, H.Y., Armstrong, K., Waxman, J. & Kypta, R.M. 2004. Analysis of Wnt gene expression in prostate cancer: mutual inhibition by WNT11 and the androgen receptor. Cancer Res 64, 7918-7926.
112. Zhu, S., Liu, L., Korzh, V., Gong, Z. & Low, B.C. 2006. RhoA acts downstream of Wnt5 and Wnt11 to regulate convergence and extension movements by involving effectors Rho kinase and Diaphanous: use of zebrafish as an in vivo model for GTPase signaling. Cell Signal 18, 359-372.