메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 33, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 414-427

On the promise of pharmacotherapies targeted at cognitive and neurodegenerative components of down syndrome

Author keywords

Alzheimer's disease; Developmental disability; Drug therapy; Intellectual disability; Memantine; N methyl D aspartate receptors; Trisomy 21; Ts65Dn mice

Indexed keywords

DIZOCILPINE; MEMANTINE; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR; OCTAHYDRO 4 HYDROXY 4 [(3 METHYLPHENYL)ETHYNYL] 1H INDOLE 1 CARBOXYLIC ACID METHYL ESTER;

EID: 83055172862     PISSN: 03785866     EISSN: 14219859     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000330861     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (30)

References (93)
  • 1
    • 0002931375 scopus 로고
    • Le mongolism: Premier exemple d'aberration autosomique humaine
    • Lejeune J: Le mongolism: premier exemple d'aberration autosomique humaine. Ann Genet 1959; 1: 1-49.
    • (1959) Ann. Genet. , vol.1 , pp. 1-49
    • Lejeune, J.1
  • 3
    • 1842483988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical, social, and ethical implications of changing life expectancy in Down syndrome
    • Bittles AH, Glasson EJ: Clinical, social, and ethical implications of changing life expectancy in Down syndrome. Dev Med Child Neurol 2004; 46: 282-286.
    • (2004) Dev. Med. Child. Neurol. , vol.46 , pp. 282-286
    • Bittles, A.H.1    Glasson, E.J.2
  • 6
    • 0034198889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of dementia and impact on intellectual disability services
    • Janicki MP, Dalton AJ: Prevalence of dementia and impact on intellectual disability services. Ment Retard 2000; 38: 276-288.
    • (2000) Ment. Retard. , vol.38 , pp. 276-288
    • Janicki, M.P.1    Dalton, A.J.2
  • 8
    • 0029843325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organization of a simple two-joint synergy in individuals with Down syndrome
    • Aruin AS, Almeida GL, Latash ML: Organization of a simple two-joint synergy in individuals with Down syndrome. Am J Ment Retard 1996; 101: 256-268.
    • (1996) Am. J. Ment. Retard. , vol.101 , pp. 256-268
    • Aruin, A.S.1    Almeida, G.L.2    Latash, M.L.3
  • 9
    • 0034125007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence and course of dementia in people with Down's syndrome: Findings from a population- based study
    • Holland AJ, Hon J, Huppert FA, Stevens F: Incidence and course of dementia in people with Down's syndrome: findings from a population- based study. J Intellect Disabil Res 2000; 44: 138-146.
    • (2000) J. Intellect. Disabil. Res. , vol.44 , pp. 138-146
    • Holland, A.J.1    Hon, J.2    Huppert, F.A.3    Stevens, F.4
  • 10
    • 0007838658 scopus 로고
    • Neurological problems associated with Down syndrome
    • in Nadel LE Rosenthal DE (eds New York Wiley-Liss
    • Haslam R: Neurological problems associated with Down syndrome; in Nadel LE, Rosenthal DE (eds): Down Syndrome: Living and Learning in the Community. New York, Wiley-Liss, 1995, pp 107-114.
    • (1995) Down Syndrome: Living and Learning in the Community , pp. 107-114
    • Haslam, R.1
  • 11
    • 0025663975 scopus 로고
    • Segmental trisomy of murine chromosome 16: A new model system for studying Down syndrome
    • Davisson M, Schmidt C, Akeson E: Segmental trisomy of murine chromosome 16: a new model system for studying Down syndrome. Prog Clin Biol Res 1990; 360: 263-280.
    • (1990) Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. , vol.360 , pp. 263-280
    • Davisson, M.1    Schmidt, C.2    Akeson, E.3
  • 12
    • 34447331007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Duplication of the entire 22.9 Mb human chromosome 21 syntenic region on mouse chromosome 16 causes cardiovascular and gastrointestinal abnormalities
    • Li ZY, Yu T, Morishima M, Pao A, LaDuca J, Conroy J, Nowak N, Matsui SI, Shiraishi I, Yu YE: Duplication of the entire 22.9 Mb human chromosome 21 syntenic region on mouse chromosome 16 causes cardiovascular and gastrointestinal abnormalities. Hum Mol Genet 2007; 16: 1359-1366.
    • (2007) Hum. Mol. Genet. , vol.16 , pp. 1359-1366
    • Li, Z.Y.1    Yu, T.2    Morishima, M.3    Pao, A.4    LaDuca, J.5    Conroy, J.6    Nowak, N.7    Matsui, S.I.8    Shiraishi, I.9    Yu, Y.E.10
  • 14
    • 7444231620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A chromosome 21 critical region does not cause specific Down syndrome phenotypes
    • Olson LE, Richtsmeier JT, Leszl J, Reeves RH: A chromosome 21 critical region does not cause specific Down syndrome phenotypes. Science 2004; 306: 687-690.
    • (2004) Science , vol.306 , pp. 687-690
    • Olson, L.E.1    Richtsmeier, J.T.2    Leszl, J.3    Reeves, R.H.4
  • 16
    • 13144260659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Down syndrome and genetics - A case of linked histories
    • Patterson D, Costa AC: Down syndrome and genetics - a case of linked histories. Nat Rev Genet 2005; 6: 137-147.
    • (2005) Nat. Rev. Genet. , vol.6 , pp. 137-147
    • Patterson, D.1    Costa, A.C.2
  • 18
    • 42249107309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mental retardation and associated neurological dysfunctions in Down syndrome: A consequence of dysregulation in critical chromosome 21 genes and associated molecular pathways
    • Rachidi M, Lopes C: Mental retardation and associated neurological dysfunctions in Down syndrome: a consequence of dysregulation in critical chromosome 21 genes and associated molecular pathways. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2008; 12: 168-182.
    • (2008) Eur. J. Paediatr. Neurol. , vol.12 , pp. 168-182
    • Rachidi, M.1    Lopes, C.2
  • 19
    • 0000864479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mouse models of Down syndrome
    • in Popko B (ed) New York, Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers
    • Davisson MT, Costa ACS: Mouse models of Down syndrome; in Popko B (ed): Advances in Neurochemisty. New York, Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers, 1999, vol 9, pp 297-327.
    • (1999) Advances in Neurochemisty , vol.9 , pp. 297-327
    • Davisson, M.T.1    Costa, A.C.S.2
  • 21
    • 39749134383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the cardiac phenotype in neonatal Ts65Dn mice
    • Williams AD, Mjaatvedt CH, Moore CS: Characterization of the cardiac phenotype in neonatal Ts65Dn mice. Dev Dyn 2008; 237: 426-435.
    • (2008) Dev. Dyn. , vol.237 , pp. 426-435
    • Williams, A.D.1    Mjaatvedt, C.H.2    Moore, C.S.3
  • 22
    • 0038687498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neuropsychology of Down syndrome: Evidence for hippocampal dysfunction
    • Pennington BF, Moon J, Edgin J, Stedron J, Nadel L: The neuropsychology of Down syndrome: evidence for hippocampal dysfunction. Child Dev 2003; 74: 75-93.
    • (2003) Child. Dev. , vol.74 , pp. 75-93
    • Pennington, B.F.1    Moon, J.2    Edgin, J.3    Stedron, J.4    Nadel, L.5
  • 24
    • 0033978891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discovery and genetic localization of Down syndrome cerebellar phenotypes using the Ts65Dn mouse
    • Baxter LL, Moran TH, Richtsmeier JT, Troncoso J, Reeves RH: Discovery and genetic localization of Down syndrome cerebellar phenotypes using the Ts65Dn mouse. Hum Mol Genet 2000; 9: 195-202.
    • (2000) Hum. Mol. Genet. , vol.9 , pp. 195-202
    • Baxter, L.L.1    Moran, T.H.2    Richtsmeier, J.T.3    Troncoso, J.4    Reeves, R.H.5
  • 26
    • 80051549592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcript catalogs of human chromosome 21 and orthologous chimpanzee and mouse regions
    • Sturgeon X, Gardiner KJ: Transcript catalogs of human chromosome 21 and orthologous chimpanzee and mouse regions. Mamm Genome 2011; 22: 261-271.
    • (2011) Mamm. Genome , vol.22 , pp. 261-271
    • Sturgeon, X.1    Gardiner, K.J.2
  • 28
    • 39149111255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic pentylenetetrazole but not donepezil treatment rescues spatial cognition in Ts65Dn mice a model for Down syndrome
    • Rueda N, Florez J, Martinez-Cue C: Chronic pentylenetetrazole but not donepezil treatment rescues spatial cognition in Ts65Dn mice, a model for Down syndrome. Neurosci Lett 2008; 433: 22-27.
    • (2008) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.433 , pp. 22-27
    • Rueda, N.1    Florez, J.2    Martinez-Cue, C.3
  • 31
    • 0037460101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral comparison of 4 and 6 month-old Ts65Dn mice: Age-related impairments in working and reference memory
    • Hunter CL, Bimonte HA, Granholm ACE: Behavioral comparison of 4 and 6 month-old Ts65Dn mice: age-related impairments in working and reference memory. Behav Brain Res 2003; 138: 121-131.
    • (2003) Behav. Brain Res. , vol.138 , pp. 121-131
    • Hunter, C.L.1    Bimonte, H.A.2    Granholm, A.C.E.3
  • 33
    • 33746047443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluoxetine rescues deficient neurogenesis in hippocampus of the Ts65Dn mouse model for Down syndrome
    • Clark S, Schwalbe J, Stasko MR, Yarowsky PJ, Costa ACS: Fluoxetine rescues deficient neurogenesis in hippocampus of the Ts65Dn mouse model for Down syndrome. Exp Neurol 2006; 200: 256-261.
    • (2006) Exp. Neurol. , vol.200 , pp. 256-261
    • Clark, S.1    Schwalbe, J.2    Stasko, M.R.3    Yarowsky, P.J.4    Costa, A.C.S.5
  • 35
    • 71549157180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithium restores neurogenesis in the subventricular zone of the Ts65Dn mouse a model for Down syndrome
    • Bianchi P, Ciani E, Contestabile A, Guidi S, Bartesaghi R: Lithium restores neurogenesis in the subventricular zone of the Ts65Dn mouse, a model for Down syndrome. Brain Pathol 2009; 20: 106-118.
    • (2009) Brain Pathol. , vol.20 , pp. 106-118
    • Bianchi, P.1    Ciani, E.2    Contestabile, A.3    Guidi, S.4    Bartesaghi, R.5
  • 36
    • 43649094588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute injections of the NMDA receptor antagonist memantine rescue performance deficits of the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome on a fear conditioning test
    • Costa ACS, Scott-McKean JJ, Stasko MR: Acute injections of the NMDA receptor antagonist memantine rescue performance deficits of the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome on a fear conditioning test. Neuropsychopharmacology 2008; 33: 1624-1632.
    • (2008) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.33 , pp. 1624-1632
    • Costa, A.C.S.1    Scott-McKean, J.J.2    Stasko, M.R.3
  • 38
    • 77953779691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perinatal choline supplementation improves cognitive unctioning and emotion regulation in the Ts65Dn mouse model of down syndrome
    • Moon J, Chen M, Gandhy SU, Strawderman M, Levitsky DA, Maclean KN, Strupp BJ: Perinatal choline supplementation improves cognitive unctioning and emotion regulation in the Ts65Dn mouse model of down syndrome. Behav Neurosci 2010; 124: 346-361.
    • (2010) Behav. Neurosci. , vol.124 , pp. 346-361
    • Moon, J.1    Chen, M.2    Gandhy, S.U.3    Strawderman, M.4    Levitsky, D.A.5    Maclean, K.N.6    Strupp, B.J.7
  • 41
    • 64249116198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal NAP+SAL prevents developmental delay in a mouse model of Down syndrome through effects on N-methyl- D -aspartic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors
    • Vink J, Incerti M, Toso L, Roberson R, Abebe D, Spong CY: Prenatal NAP+SAL prevents developmental delay in a mouse model of Down syndrome through effects on N-methyl- D -aspartic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009; 200: 1-4.
    • (2009) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. , vol.200 , pp. 1-4
    • Vink, J.1    Incerti, M.2    Toso, L.3    Roberson, R.4    Abebe, D.5    Spong, C.Y.6
  • 42
    • 79955723158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of long-term memantine on memory and neuropathology in Ts65Dn mice a model for Down syndrome
    • Lockrow J, Boger H, Bimonte-Nelson H, Granholm AC: Effects of long-term memantine on memory and neuropathology in Ts65Dn mice, a model for Down syndrome. Behav Brain Res 2010; 221: 610-622.
    • (2010) Behav. Brain Res. , vol.221 , pp. 610-622
    • Lockrow, J.1    Boger, H.2    Bimonte-Nelson, H.3    Granholm, A.C.4
  • 45
    • 34248226368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of health care guidelines in patients with Down syndrome by family physicians across Canada
    • Virji-Babul N, Eichmann A, Kisly D, Down J, Haslam RHA: Use of health care guidelines in patients with Down syndrome by family physicians across Canada. Paediatr Child Health 2007; 12: 179-183.
    • (2007) Paediatr. Child Health , vol.12 , pp. 179-183
    • Virji-Babul, N.1    Eichmann, A.2    Kisly, D.3    Down, J.4    Haslam, R.H.A.5
  • 46
    • 0029133380 scopus 로고
    • Major depression in a small group of adults with Down syndrome
    • Myers BA, Pueschel SM: Major depression in a small group of adults with Down syndrome. Res Dev Disabil 1995; 16: 285-299.
    • (1995) Res. Dev. Disabil. , vol.16 , pp. 285-299
    • Myers, B.A.1    Pueschel, S.M.2
  • 48
    • 4644250821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hippocampal long-term potentiation suppressed by increased inhibition in the Ts65Dn mouse a genetic model of Down syndrome
    • Kleschevnikov AM, Belichenko PV, Villar AJ, Epstein CJ, Malenka RC, Mobley WC: Hippocampal long-term potentiation suppressed by increased inhibition in the Ts65Dn mouse, a genetic model of Down syndrome. J Neurosci 2004; 24: 8153-8160.
    • (2004) J. Neurosci. , vol.24 , pp. 8153-8160
    • Kleschevnikov, A.M.1    Belichenko, P.V.2    Villar, A.J.3    Epstein, C.J.4    Malenka, R.C.5    Mobley, W.C.6
  • 49
    • 19544393555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deficits in hippocampal CA1 LTP induced by TBS but not HFS in the Ts65Dn mouse: A model of Down syndrome
    • Costa ACS, Grybko MJ: Deficits in hippocampal CA1 LTP induced by TBS but not HFS in the Ts65Dn mouse: a model of Down syndrome. Neurosci Lett 2005; 382: 317-322.
    • (2005) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.382 , pp. 317-322
    • Costa, A.C.S.1    Grybko, M.J.2
  • 50
    • 34848891591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Over-inhibition: A model for developmental intellectual disability
    • Fernandez F, Garner CC: Over-inhibition: a model for developmental intellectual disability. Trends Neurosci 2007; 30: 497-503.
    • (2007) Trends Neurosci. , vol.30 , pp. 497-503
    • Fernandez, F.1    Garner, C.C.2
  • 51
    • 7044231698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dementia of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders - Memantine a new hope
    • Sonkusare SK, Kaul CL, Ramarao P: Dementia of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders - memantine, a new hope. Pharmacol Res 2005; 51: 1-17.
    • (2005) Pharmacol. Res. , vol.51 , pp. 1-17
    • Sonkusare, S.K.1    Kaul, C.L.2    Ramarao, P.3
  • 52
    • 0141707078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NMDA receptor antagonist memantine as a symptomatological and neuroprotective treatment for Alzheimer's disease: Preclinical evidence
    • Danysz W, Parsons CG: The NMDA receptor antagonist memantine as a symptomatological and neuroprotective treatment for Alzheimer's disease: preclinical evidence. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2003; 18:S23-S32.
    • (2003) Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry , vol.18
    • Danysz, W.1    Parsons, C.G.2
  • 53
    • 33748296153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential role of N-methyl- D -aspartate receptors as executors of neurodegeneration resulting from diverse insults: Focus on memantine
    • Wenk GL, Parsons CG, Danysz W: Potential role of N-methyl- D -aspartate receptors as executors of neurodegeneration resulting from diverse insults: focus on memantine. Behav Pharmacol 2006; 17: 411-424.
    • (2006) Behav. Pharmacol. , vol.17 , pp. 411-424
    • Wenk, G.L.1    Parsons, C.G.2    Danysz, W.3
  • 54
    • 35948947269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the hypes and falls in neuroprotection: Targeting the NMDA receptor
    • Villmann C, Becker CM: On the hypes and falls in neuroprotection: targeting the NMDA receptor. Neuroscientist 2007; 13: 594-615.
    • (2007) Neuroscientist , vol.13 , pp. 594-615
    • Villmann, C.1    Becker, C.M.2
  • 55
    • 1542634742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting pathway perturbations in Down syndrome
    • Gardiner K: Predicting pathway perturbations in Down syndrome. J Neural Transm Suppl 2003; 67: 21-37.
    • (2003) J. Neural. Transm. Suppl. , vol.67 , pp. 21-37
    • Gardiner, K.1
  • 56
    • 0028236667 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of NMDA channel function by endogenous Ca 2+-dependent phosphatase
    • Lieberman DN, Mody I: Regulation of NMDA channel function by endogenous Ca(2+)-dependent phosphatase. Nature 1994; 369: 235-239.
    • (1994) Nature , Issue.369 , pp. 235-239
    • Lieberman, D.N.1    Mody, I.2
  • 58
    • 0026635574 scopus 로고
    • Differential contribution of amygdala and hippocampus to cued and contextual fear conditioning
    • Phillips RG, Ledoux JE: Differential contribution of amygdala and hippocampus to cued and contextual fear conditioning. Beh Neurosci 1992; 106: 274-285.
    • (1992) Beh. Neurosci. , vol.106 , pp. 274-285
    • Phillips, R.G.1    Ledoux, J.E.2
  • 59
    • 0036939466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphorylation of hippocampal Erk-1/2 Elk-1 and p90-Rsk-1 during contextual fear conditioning: Interactions between Erk-1/2 and Elk-1
    • Sananbenesi F, Fischer A, Schrick C, Spiess J, Radulovic J: Phosphorylation of hippocampal Erk-1/2, Elk-1, and p90-Rsk-1 during contextual fear conditioning: interactions between Erk-1/2 and Elk-1. Mol Cell Neurosci 2002; 21: 463-476
    • (2002) Mol. Cell. Neurosci. , vol.21 , pp. 463-476
    • Sananbenesi, F.1    Fischer, A.2    Schrick, C.3    Spiess, J.4    Radulovic, J.5
  • 60
    • 0000432897 scopus 로고
    • Neural and cognitive development in Down syndrome
    • in Nadel L, Rosenthal D (eds New York, Wiley-Liss
    • Nadel L: Neural and cognitive development in Down syndrome; in Nadel L, Rosenthal D (eds): Down Syndrome: Living and Learning in the Community. New York, Wiley-Liss, 1995, pp 107-114.
    • (1995) Down Syndrome: Living and Learning in the Community , pp. 107-114
    • Nadel, L.1
  • 61
    • 0029436781 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive abilities in children with Down syndrome: Developmental instability and motivational deficits
    • in Epstein CJ, Hassold TJ, Lott IT, Nadel L, Patterson D (eds) New York, Wiley-Liss
    • Wishart JG: Cognitive abilities in children with Down syndrome: developmental instability and motivational deficits; in Epstein CJ, Hassold TJ, Lott IT, Nadel L, Patterson D (eds): Etiology and Pathogenesis of Down Syndrome. New York, Wiley-Liss, 1995, pp 57-92.
    • (1995) Etiology and Pathogenesis of Down Syndrome , pp. 57-92
    • Wishart, J.G.1
  • 64
    • 0025365306 scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of amyloid A4 protein deposits within the cerebral and cerebellar cortex in Down's syndrome and Alzheimer's disease
    • Mann DMA, Jones D, Prinja D, Purkiss MS: The prevalence of amyloid (A4) protein deposits within the cerebral and cerebellar cortex in Down's syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol 1990; 80: 318-327.
    • (1990) Acta Neuropathol. , vol.80 , pp. 318-327
    • Mann, D.M.A.1    Jones, D.2    Prinja, D.3    Purkiss, M.S.4
  • 65
    • 17544399111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early amyloid deposition in the medial temporal lobe of young Down syndrome patients: A regional quantitative analysis
    • Leverenz JB, Raskind MA: Early amyloid deposition in the medial temporal lobe of young Down syndrome patients: a regional quantitative analysis. Exp Neurol 1998; 150: 296-304.
    • (1998) Exp. Neurol. , vol.150 , pp. 296-304
    • Leverenz, J.B.1    Raskind, M.A.2
  • 66
    • 0030829050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of Alzheimer disease in intellectual disability: Results and recommendations from an international conference
    • Zigman W, Schupf N, Haveman M, Silverman W: The epidemiology of Alzheimer disease in intellectual disability: results and recommendations from an international conference. J Intellect Disabil Res 1997; 41: 76-80.
    • (1997) J. Intellect. Disabil. Res. , vol.41 , pp. 76-80
    • Zigman, W.1    Schupf, N.2    Haveman, M.3    Silverman, W.4
  • 69
    • 0346965113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Academic attainments of children with Down's syndrome: A longitudinal study
    • Turner S, Alborz A: Academic attainments of children with Down's syndrome: a longitudinal study. Br J Educ Psychol 2003; 73: 563-583.
    • (2003) Br. J. Educ. Psychol. , vol.73 , pp. 563-583
    • Turner, S.1    Alborz, A.2
  • 71
    • 0023751608 scopus 로고
    • Six weeks to twenty-one years old: A longitudinal study of children with Down's syndrome and their families third jack tizard memorial lecture
    • Carr J: Six weeks to twenty-one years old: a longitudinal study of children with Down's syndrome and their families. Third Jack Tizard memorial lecture. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1988; 29: 407-431.
    • (1988) J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry , vol.29 , pp. 407-431
    • Carr, J.1
  • 72
    • 1242275101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Verbal short-term memory in Down's syndrome: An articulatory loop deficit
    • Vicari S, Marotta L, Carlesimo GA: Verbal short-term memory in Down's syndrome: an articulatory loop deficit? J Intellect Disabil Res 2004; 48: 80-92.
    • (2004) J. Intellect Disabil. Res. , vol.48 , pp. 80-92
    • Vicari, S.1    Marotta, L.2    Carlesimo, G.A.3
  • 73
    • 0036411342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Language acquisition in special populations: A comparison between Down and Williams syndromes
    • Vicari S, Caselli MC, Gagliardi C, Tonucci F, Volterra V: Language acquisition in special populations: a comparison between Down and Williams syndromes. Neuropsychologia 2002; 40: 2461-2470.
    • (2002) Neuropsychologia , vol.40 , pp. 2461-2470
    • Vicari, S.1    Caselli, M.C.2    Gagliardi, C.3    Tonucci, F.4    Volterra, V.5
  • 74
    • 0034014457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Verbal short-term memory deficits in Down syndrome: A consequence of problems in rehearsal
    • Jarrold C, Baddeley AD, Hewes AK: Verbal short-term memory deficits in Down syndrome:a consequence of problems in rehearsal? J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2000; 41: 233-244.
    • (2000) J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry , vol.41 , pp. 233-244
    • Jarrold, C.1    Baddeley, A.D.2    Hewes, A.K.3
  • 75
    • 15944427082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serial order reconstruction in Down syndrome: Evidence for a selective deficit in verbal short-term memory
    • Brock J, Jarrold C: Serial order reconstruction in Down syndrome: evidence for a selective deficit in verbal short-term memory. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2005; 46: 304-316.
    • (2005) J. Child. Psychol. Psychiatry , vol.46 , pp. 304-316
    • Brock, J.1    Jarrold, C.2
  • 79
    • 34948842904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memantine: A NMDA receptor antagonist that improves memory by restoration of homeostasis in the glutamatergic system - Too little activation is bad, too much is even worse
    • Parsons CG, Stoffler A, Danysz W: Memantine: a NMDA receptor antagonist that improves memory by restoration of homeostasis in the glutamatergic system - too little activation is bad, too much is even worse. Neuropharmacology 2007; 53: 699-723.
    • (2007) Neuropharmacology , vol.53 , pp. 699-723
    • Parsons, C.G.1    Stoffler, A.2    Danysz, W.3
  • 81
    • 33947375667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A pilot evaluation of the safety tolerability pharmacokinetics and effectiveness of memantine in pediatric patients with attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder combined type
    • Findling RL, McNamara NK, Stansbrey RJ, Maxhimer R, Periclou A, Mann A, Graham SM: A pilot evaluation of the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and effectiveness of memantine in pediatric patients with attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder combined type. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2007; 17: 19-33.
    • (2007) J. Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. , vol.17 , pp. 19-33
    • Findling, R.L.1    McNamara, N.K.2    Stansbrey, R.J.3    Maxhimer, R.4    Periclou, A.5    Mann, A.6    Graham, S.M.7
  • 83
    • 34250731835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memantine as adjunctive therapy in children diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorders: An observation of initial clinical response and maintenance tolerability
    • Chez MG, Burton Q, Dowling T, Chang MN, Khanna P, Kramer C: Memantine as adjunctive therapy in children diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorders: an observation of initial clinical response and maintenance tolerability. J Child Neurol 2007; 22: 574-579.
    • (2007) J. Child. Neurol. , vol.22 , pp. 574-579
    • Chez, M.G.1    Burton, Q.2    Dowling, T.3    Chang, M.N.4    Khanna, P.5    Kramer, C.6
  • 87
    • 70350211447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral validation of the Ts65Dn mouse model for Down syndrome of a genetic background free of the retinal degeneration mutation Pde6brd1
    • Costa AC, Stasko MR, Schmidt C, Davisson MT: Behavioral validation of the Ts65Dn mouse model for Down syndrome of a genetic background free of the retinal degeneration mutation Pde6b(rd1). Behav Brain Res 2010; 206: 52-62.
    • (2010) Behav. Brain Res. , vol.206 , pp. 52-62
    • Costa, A.C.1    Stasko, M.R.2    Schmidt, C.3    Davisson, M.T.4
  • 88
    • 22144468700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intellectual disability challenging behaviour and cost in care accommodation: What are the links
    • Knapp M, Comas-Herrera A, Astin J, Beecham J, Pendaries C: Intellectual disability, challenging behaviour and cost in care accommodation: what are the links? Health Soc Care Community 2005; 13: 297-306.
    • (2005) Health Soc Care Community , vol.13 , pp. 297-306
    • Knapp, M.1    Comas-Herrera, A.2    Astin, J.3    Beecham, J.4    Pendaries, C.5
  • 89
    • 0742306069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug exposure early in life: Functional repercussions of changing neuropharmacology during sensitive periods of brain development
    • Stanwood GD, Levitt P: Drug exposure early in life: functional repercussions of changing neuropharmacology during sensitive periods of brain development. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2004; 4: 65-71.
    • (2004) Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. , vol.4 , pp. 65-71
    • Stanwood, G.D.1    Levitt, P.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.