Family Financial Socialization: Theory and Critical Review

Journal of Family and Economic Issues

Volumn 32, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 644-667

  Gudmunson, Clinton G ^a   Danes, Sharon M ^b  

^a IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

Author keywords

Family relationships; Financial attitudes; Financial literacy; Financial socialization; Socialization theory

Indexed keywords

EID: 81455154420     PISSN: 10580476     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10834-011-9275-y     Document Type: Review

References (141)

1. Alhabeeb, M. J. (1996). Teenagers' money, discretionary spending and saving. Financial Counseling and Planning, 7, 123-132.
2. Alhabeeb, M. J. (2002). On the development of consumer socialization of children. Academy of Marketing Studies Journal, 6, 9-14.
3. Baek, E., & Hong, G. (2004). Effects of family life-cycle stages on consumer debts. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 25, 359-385.
4. Bajtelsmit, V. L., & Bernasek, A. (1996). Why do women invest differently than men? Financial Counseling and Planning, 7, 1-10.
5. Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavior change. Psychological Review, 84, 191-215.
6. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
7. Bandura, A. (2001). Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 1-26.
8. Barnet-Verzat, C., & Wolff, F. (2002). Motives for pocket money allowance and family incentives. Journal of Economic Psychology, 23, 339-366.
9. Belk, R. W. (1985). Materialism: Trait aspects of living in the material world. The Journal of Consumer Research, 12, 265-280.
10. Beutler, I. F., Beutler, L., & McCoy, J. K. (2008). Money aspirations about living well: Middle school student perceptions. Financial Counseling and Planning, 19, 44-60.
11. Beutler, I. F., & Dickson, L. (2008). Consumer economic socialization. In J. J. Xiao (Ed.), Handbook of consumer finance research (pp. 83-102). New York: Springer.
12. Borden, L. M., Lee, S. A., Serido, J., & Collins, D. (2008). Changing college student's financial knowledge, attitudes, and behavior through seminar participation. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 29, 23-40.
13. Bowen, C. F. (2002). Financial knowledge of teens and their parents. Financial Counseling and Planning, 13, 93-102.
14. Braun, O. L., & Wicklund, R. A. (1989). Psychological antecedents of conspicuous consumption. Journal of Economic Psychology, 10, 161-187.
15. Brown, S., Taylor, K., & Price, S. W. (2005). Debt and distress: Evaluating the psychological cost of credit. Journal of Economic Psychology, 26, 642-663.
16. Burgoyne, C. B., Reibstein, J., Edmunds, A., & Dolman V. (2007). Money management systems in early marriage: Factors influencing change and stability. Journal of Economic Psychology, 28, 214-228.
17. Carlson, L., & Grossbart, S. (1988). Parental style and consumer socialization of children. The Journal of Consumer Research, 15, 77-94.
18. Chaulk, B., Johnson, P. J., & Bulcroft, R. (2003). Effects of marriage and children on financial risk tolerance: A synthesis of family development and prospect theory. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 24, 257-279.
19. Childers, T. L., & Rao, A. R. (1992). The influence of familial and peer-based reference groups on consumer decisions. The Journal of Consumer Research, 19, 198-211.
20. Churchill, G. A., & Moschis, G. P. (1979). Television and interpersonal influences on adolescent consumer learning. The Journal of Consumer Research, 6, 23-35.
21. Clarke, M. C., Heaton, M. B., Israelsen, C. L., & Eggett, D. L. (2005). The acquisition of family financial roles and responsibilities. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 33, 321-340.
22. Cross, G. (2002). Valves of desire: A historian's perspective on parents, children, and marketing. Journal of Consumer Research, 29, 441-447.
23. Danes, S. M. (1994). Parental perceptions of children's financial socialization. Financial Counseling and Planning, 5, 127-149.
24. Danes, S. M., & Haberman, H. R. (2007). Teen financial knowledge, self-efficacy, and behavior: A gendered view. Financial Counseling and Planning, 18, 48-60.
25. Danes, S. M., Huddleston-Casas, C., & Boyce, L. (1999). Financial planning curriculum for teens: Impact evaluation. Financial Counseling and Planning, 10, 26-39.
26. Danes, S. M., Lee, J., Stafford, K., & Heck, R. K. Z. (2008). The effects of ethnicity, families and culture on entrepreneurial experience: An extension of sustainable family business theory. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 13, 229-268.
27. Danes, S. M., & Morris, E. W. (1989). The factors affecting a family's plan to change its financial situation. Lifestyles: Family and Economic Issues, 10, 205-215.
28. Davies, E., & Lea, S. E. G. (1995). Student attitudes to student debt. Journal of Economic Psychology, 16, 663-679.
29. Dean, L. R., Carroll, J. S., & Yang, C. (2007). Materialism, perceived financial problems, and marital satisfaction. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 35, 260-281.
30. Devaney, S. A., Anong, S. T., & Whirl, S. E. (2007). Household savings motives. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 41, 174-186.
31. Dew, J., & Price, J. (2011). Beyond employment and income: The association between young adults' finances and marital timing. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 32, 424-436.
32. Dilworth, J. L., Chenoweth, L. C., & Englebrecht, J. (2000). A qualitative study of the money goals of college students and their parents. Financial Counseling and Planning, 11, 33-42.
33. Dix, T. (1992). Parenting on behalf of the child: Empathic goals in the regulation of responsive parenting. In I. E. Sigel, A. V. McGillicuddy-DeLisi, & J. J. Goodnow (Eds.), Parental belief systems: The psychological consequences for children (2nd ed., pp. 319-346). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
34. Doss, V. S., Marlowe, J., & Godwin, D. D. (1995). Middle-school children's sources and uses of money. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 29, 219-241.
35. Dowling, N. A., Corney, T., & Hoiles, L. (2009). Financial management practices and money attitudes as determinants of financial problems and dissatisfaction in young male Australian workers. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 20, 5-13.
36. Eldar-Avidan, D., Haj-Yahia, M. M., & Greenbaum, C. W. (2008). Money matters: Young adults' perception of the economic consequences of their parents' divorce. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 29, 74-85.
37. Fan, J. X. (2000). Linking consumer debt and consumer expenditures: Do borrowers spend money differently? Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 28, 358-401.
38. Fan, J. X., & Burton, J. R. (2002). Students' perception of status-conveying goods. Financial Counseling and Planning, 13, 35-47.
39. Fisher, P. J., & Montalto, C. P. (2010). Effect of saving motives and horizon on savings behaviors. Journal of Economic Psychology, 31, 92-105.
40. Flouri, E. (2004). Exploring the relationship between mothers' and fathers' parenting practices and children's materialist values. Journal of Economic Psychology, 25, 743-752.
41. Fox, J., Bartholomae, S., & Lee, J. (2005). Building the case for financial education. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 39, 195-214.
42. Foxman, E. R., Tansuhaj, P. S., & Ekstrom, K. M. (1989). Family members' perceptions of adolescents' influence in family decision making. The Journal of Consumer Research, 15, 482-491.
43. Fry, T. R. L., Mihajilo, S., Russell, R., & Brooks, R. (1998). The factors influencing saving in a matched savings program: Goals, knowledge of payment instruments, and other behavior. Lifestyles: Family and Economic Issues, 29, 234-250.
44. Furnham, A. (1999). The saving and spending habits of young people. Journal of Economic Psychology, 20, 677-697.
45. Furnham, A. (2001). Parental attitudes to pocket money/allowances for children. Journal of Economic Psychology, 22, 397-422.
46. Goldstein, D. (2000). Protecting consumers from predatory lenders: Defining the problem and moving towards workable solutions. Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review, 35, 225-256.
47. Gouskova, E., Chiteji, N., & Stafford, F. (2010). Pension participation: Do parents transmit time preference? Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 31, 138-150.
48. Grable, J. E., Park, J.-Y., Joo, S.-H. (2009). Explaining financial management behavior for Koreans living in the United States. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 43, 80-107.
49. Grusec, J. E., & Davidov, M. (2007). Socialization in the family: The roles of parents. In J. E. Grusec & P. D. Hastings (Eds.), Handbook of socialization: Theory and research (pp. 284-308). New York and London: Guilford Press.
50. Grusec, J. E., Goodnow, J. J., & Kuczynski, L. (2000). New directions in analyses of parenting contributions to children's acquisition of values. Child Development, 71, 205-211.
51. Gutter, M., & Copur, Z. (2011). Financial behaviors and financial well-being of college students: Evidence from a national survey. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Online First. doi: 10. 1007/s10834-011-9255-2.
52. Han, C., & Sherraden, M. (2009). Attitudes and saving in individual development accounts: Latent class analysis. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 3, 226-236.
53. Hanley, A., & Wilhelm, M. S. (1992). Compulsive buying: An exploration into self-esteem and money attitudes. Journal of Economic Psychology, 13, 5-18.
54. Hawks, L. K., & Ackerman, N. M. (1990). Family life cycle differences for shopping styles, information use, and decision making. Lifestyles: Family and Economic Issues, 11, 199-219.
55. Hayhoe, C. R., Leach, L., & Turner, P. R. (1999). Discriminating the number of credit cards held by college students using credit and money attitudes. Journal of Economic Psychology, 20, 643-656.
56. Hayhoe, C. R., Leach, L. J., Turner, P. R., Bruin, M. J., & Lawrence, F. C. (2000). Differences in spending habits and credit use of college students. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 34, 113-133.
57. Hayta, A. B. (2008). Socialization of the child as a consumer. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 36, 167-184.
58. Hibbert, J. R., Beutler, I. F., & Martin, T. M. (2004). Financial prudence and next generation financial strain. Financial Counseling and Planning, 15, 51-59.
59. Hira, T. K., Fanslow, A. M., & Titus, P. M. (1989). Changes in financial status influencing level of satisfaction in households. Lifestyles: Family and Economic Issues, 10, 107-121.
60. Hira, T. K., Fitzsimmons, V. S., Hafstrom, J. L., & Bauer, J. W. (1993). Factors associates with expectations of household's future financial condition. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 14, 237-256.
61. Hong, G., Sung, J., & Kim, S. (2002). Saving behavior among Korean households. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 30, 437-462.
62. Howlett, E., Kees, J., & Kemp, E. (2008). The role of self-regulation, future orientation, and financial knowledge in long-term financial decisions. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 42, 223-242.
63. John, D. R. (1999). Consumer socialization of children: A retrospective look at twenty-five years of research. The Journal of Consumer Research, 26, 183-213.
64. Johnson, E., & Sherraden, M. S. (2007). From financial literacy to financial capability among youth. Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, 34, 119-146.
65. Jones, J. E. (2005). College student's knowledge and use of credit. Financial Counseling and Planning, 16, 9-16.
66. Joo, S., & Grable, J. E. (2004). An exploratory framework of the determinants of financial satisfaction. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 25, 25-50.
67. Jorgensen, B. L., & Savla, J. (2010). Financial literacy of young adults: The importance of parental socialization. Family Relations, 59, 465-478.
68. Karlsson, N., Dellgram, P., Klingander, B., & Garling, T. (2004). Household consumption: Influences of aspiration level, social comparison, and money management. Journal of Economic Psychology, 25, 753-769.
69. Kidwell, B., & Turrisi, R. (2004). An examination of college student money management tendencies. Journal of Economic Psychology, 25, 601-616.
70. Kim, J., LaTaillade, J., & Kim, H. (2011). Family processes and adolescents' financial behaviors. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Online First. doi: 10. 1007/s10834-011-9270-3.
71. Kirchler, E. (1988). Diary reports on daily economic decisions of happy versus unhappy couples. Journal of Economic Psychology, 9, 327-357.
72. Kivett, V. R., & Schwenk, F. N. (1994). The consumer expenditures of elderly women: Racial, marital, and rural/urban impacts. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 15, 261-277.
73. Koonce, J. C., Mimura, Y., Mauldin, T. A., Rupured, A. M., & Jordan, J. (2008). Financial information: Is it related to savings and investing knowledge and financial behavior of teenagers? Journal of Financial Planning and Counseling, 19, 19-28.
74. Kourilsky, M., & Murray, T. (1981). The use of economic reasoning to increase satisfaction with family decision making. The Journal of Consumer Research, 8, 183-188.
75. Kramer, J. B. (2006). Ethical analysis and recommended action in response to the dangers associated with youth consumerism. Ethics and Behavior, 16, 291-303.
76. Kuczynski, L., & Parkin, C. M. (2007). Agency and bidirectionality in socialization: Interactions, transactions, and relational dialectics. In J. E. Grusec & P. D. Hastings (Eds.), Handbook of socialization: Theory and research (pp. 259-283). New York, London: Guilford Press.
77. Lea, S. E. G., Webley, P., & Levine, R. M. (1993). The economic psychology of consumer debt. Journal of Economic Psychology, 14, 85-119.
78. Lea, S. E. G., Webley, P., & Walker, C. M. (1995). Psychological factors in consumer debt: Money management, economic socialization, and credit use. Journal of Economic Psychology, 16, 681-701.
79. Lee, S., Lennon, S. J., & Rudd, N. A. (2000). Compulsive consumption tendencies among television shoppers. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 28, 463-488.
80. Leiser, D., Sevon, G., & Levy, D. (1990). Children's economic socialization: Summarizing the cross-cultural comparison of ten countries. Journal of Economic Psychology, 11, 591-614.
81. Liable, D., & Thompson, R. A. (2007). Early socialization: A relationship perspective. In J. E. Grusec & P. D. Hastings (Eds.), Handbook of socialization: Theory and research (pp. 181-207). New York, London: Guilford Press.
82. Livingstone, S. M., & Lunt, P. K. (1992). Predicting personal debt and debt repayment: Psychological, social and economic determinants. Journal of Economic Psychology, 13, 111-134.
83. Loibl, C., Cho, S. H., Diekmann, F., & Batte, M. T. (2009). Consumer self-confidence in searching for information. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 43, 26-55.
84. Loibl, C., & Hira, T. K. (2005). Self-directed financial learning and financial satisfaction. Financial Counseling and Planning, 16, 11-21.
85. Lowrey, T. M., Otnes, C. C., & Ruth, J. A. (2004). Social influences on dyadic giving over time: A taxonomy from the giver's perspective. Journal of Consumer Research, 30, 547-558.
86. Lunt, P. (1996). Discourses of savings. Journal of Economic Psychology, 17, 677-690.
87. Lyons, A. C. (2004). A profile of financially at-risk college students. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 38, 56-80.
88. Malone, K., Stewart, S. D., Wilson, J., & Korsching, P. F. (2010). Perceptions of financial well-being among American women in diverse families. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 31, 63-81.
89. Mandell, L., & Klein, L. S. (2009). The impact of financial literacy education on subsequent financial behavior. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 20, 15-24.
90. Mangleburg, T. F., Grewal, D., & Bristol, T. (1997). Socialization, gender, and adolescent's self-reports of their generalized use of product labels. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 31, 255-279.
91. McCormick, M. H. (2009). The effectiveness of youth financial education: A review of the literature. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 20, 70-83.
92. Medina, J. F., Saegert, J., & Gresham, A. (1996). Comparison of Mexican-American and Anglo-American attitudes toward money. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 30, 124-145.
93. Meeks, C. B. (1998). Factors influencing adolescents' income and expenditures. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 19, 131-150.
94. Moore, R. L., & Stephens, L. F. (1975). Some communication and demographic determinants of adolescent consumer learning. The Journal of Consumer Research, 2, 80-92.
95. Moschis, G. P. (1985). The role of family communication in consumer socialization of children and adolescents. The Journal of Consumer Research, 4, 898-913.
96. Moschis, G. P. (1987). Consumer socialization: A life cycle perspective. Lexington, MA: Lexington.
97. Moschis, G. P., & Churchill, G. A., Jr. (1978). Consumer socialization: A theoretical and empirical analysis. Journal of Marketing Research, 15, 599-609.
98. Moschis, G. P., & Moore, R. L. (1979). Decision making among the young: A socialization perspective. The Journal of Consumer Research, 6, 101-112.
99. Moschis, G. P., Moore, R. L., & Smith, R. B. (1984). The impact of family communication on adolescent consumer socialization. Advances in Consumer Research, 11, 314-319.
100. Mugenda, O. M., Hira, T. K., & Fanslow, A. M. (1990). Assessing the causal relationship among communication, money management practices, satisfaction with financial status, and satisfaction with quality of life. Lifestyles: Family and Economic Issues, 11, 343-360.
101. National Endowment for Financial Education (NEFE, 2006). Closing the gap between knowledge and behavior: Turning education into action. Financial Counseling and Planning, 17, 73-90.
102. Norvilitis, J. M., & MacLean, M. G. (2010). The role of parents in college students' financial behaviors and attitudes. Journal of Economic Psychology, 31, 55-63.
103. Palan, K. M., & Wilkes, R. E. (1997). Adolescent-parent interaction in family decision making. The Journal of Consumer Research, 24, 159-169.
104. Parrotta, J. L., & Johnson, P. J. (1998). The impact of financial attitudes and knowledge on financial attitudes management and satisfaction of recently married individuals. Financial Counseling and Planning, 9, 59-75.
105. Pasley, K., Sandras, E., & Edmondson, M. E. (1994). The effects of financial management strategies on quality of life in remarriage. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 15, 53-70.
106. Peng, T. M., Bartholomae, S., Fox, J. J., & Cravener, G. (2007). The impact of personal finance education delivered in high school and college courses. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 28, 265-284.
107. Perry, V. G., & Morris, M. D. (2005). Who is in control? The role of self-perception, knowledge, and income in explaining consumer financial behavior. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 39, 299-313.
108. Pinto, M. B., Parente, D. H., & Mansfield, P. M. (2005). Information learned from socialization agents: Its relationship to credit card use. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 33, 357-367.
109. Polegato, R., & Zaichkowsky, J. L. (1994). Family food shopping strategies used by husbands and wives. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 28, 278-299.
110. Prince, M. (1993). Self-concept, money beliefs and values. Journal of Economic Psychology, 14, 161-173.
111. Rabinovich, A., & Webley, P. (2007). Filling the gap between planning and doing: Psychological factors involved in the successful implementation of saving intention. Journal of Economic Psychology, 28, 444-461.
112. Reis, H. T., Collins, W. A., & Berscheid, E. (2000). The relationship context of human behavior and development. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 844-872.
113. Rettig, K. D., Leichtentritt, R. D., & Danes, S. M. (1999). The effects of resources, decision making, and decision implementation on perceived family well-being in adjusting to an economic stressor. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 20, 5-34.
114. Richins, M. L. (1994). Valued things: The public and private meanings of possessions. The Journal of Consumer Research, 21, 504-521.
115. Richins, M. L., & Dawson, S. (1992). A consumer values orientation for materialism and its measurement: Scale development and validation. The Journal of Consumer Research, 19, 303-316.
116. Rindfleisch, A., Burroughs, J. E., & Denton, F. (1997). Family structure, materialism, and compulsive consumption, The Journal of Consumer Research, 23, 312-325.
117. Robb, C. A. (2011). Financial knowledge and credit card behavior of college students. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Online First. doi: 10. 1007/s10834-011-9259-y.
118. Roberts, J. A. (1998). Compulsive buying among college students: An investigation of its antecedents, consequences, and implications for public policy. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 32, 295-319.
119. Roberts, J. A., & Jones, E. (2001). Money attitudes, credit card use, and compulsive buying among American college students. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 35, 213-240.
120. Sanders, C. K., & Porterfield, S. L. (2010). The ownership society and women: Exploring female householders' ability to accumulate assets. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 31, 90-106.
121. Sherraden, M. S. (2010). Financial capability: What is it, and how can it be created? CSD Working Papers No. 10-17. St. Louis, MO.
122. Sherraden, M. S., Johnson, L., Guo, B., & Elliott, W. (2010). Financial capability in children: Effects of participation in a school-based financial education and savings program. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 32, 385-399.
123. Shim, S., Barber, B. L., Card, N. A., Xiao, J. J., & Serido, J. (2010). Financial socialization of first-year college students: The roles of parents, work, and education. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39, 1457-1470.
124. Skogrand, L., Johnson, A. C., Horrocks, A. M., & DeFrain, J. (2011). Financial management practices of couples with great marriages. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 32, 27-35.
125. Sumarwan, U., & Hira, T. K. (1992). Credit, saving, and insurance practices influencing satisfaction with preparation for financial emergencies among rural households. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 21, 206-227.
126. Sumarwan, U., & Hira, T. K. (1993). The effects of perceived locus of control and perceived income adequacy on satisfaction with financial status of rural households. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 14, 343-364.
127. Thaler, R. H., & Sunstein, C. R. (2008). Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
128. Thompson, R. A. (2006). The development of the person: Social understanding, relationships, self, conscience. In W. Damon & R. M. Lerner (Series Eds.) & N. Eisenberg (Vol. Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 3. Social, emotional, and personality development (6th ed., pp. 24-98). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
129. Thorne, D. (2010). Extreme financial strain: Emergent chores, gender inequality and emotional distress. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 31, 185-197.
130. Titus, P. M., Fanslow, A. M., & Hira, T. K. (1989). Net worth and financial satisfaction as a function of household money managers' competencies. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 17, 309-318.
131. Walker, C. M. (1996). Financial management, coping and debt in households under financial strain. Journal of Economic Psychology, 17, 789-807.
132. Ward, S. (1974). Consumer socialization. The Journal of Consumer Research, 1, 1-14.
133. Watson, J. J. (2003). The relationship of materialism to spending tendencies, saving, and debt. Journal of Economic Psychology, 24, 723-739.
134. Webley, P., & Nyhus, E. K. (2006). Parents' influence on children's future orientation and saving. Journal of Economic Psychology, 27, 140-164.
135. Wilhelm, M. S., Varcoe, K., & Fridrich, A. H. (1993). Financial satisfaction and assessment of financial progress: Importance of money attitudes. Financial Counseling and Planning, 4, 181-199.
136. Wood, M. (1998). Socio-economic status, delay of gratification, and impulse buying. Journal of Economic Psychology, 19, 295-320.
137. Worthy, S. L., Jonkman, J., & Blinn-Pike, L. (2010). Sensation-seeking, risk-taking, and problematic financial behaviors of college students. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 31, 161-170.
138. Xiao, J. J., & Fan, J. X. (2002). A comparison of saving motives of urban Chinese and American workers. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 30, 463-495.
139. Xiao, J. J., Ford, M., & Kim, J. (2011). Consumer financial behavior: An interdisciplinary review of selected theories and research. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 39, 399-414.
140. Yurchisin, J., & Johnson, K. K. P. (2004). Compulsive buying behavior and its relationship to perceived social status associated with buying, materialism, self-esteem, and apparel-product involvement. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 32, 291-314.
141. Studies included in Table 1.