Novel Therapeutic Approaches for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America

Volumn 25, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 1303-1317

  Litzow, Mark R ^a  

^a MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

Author keywords

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia; Chemotherapy; Kinase inhibitor therapy; Monoclonal antibody therapy

Indexed keywords

5 AZA 2' DEOXYCYTIDINE; ALEMTUZUMAB; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; ASPARAGINASE; BLINATUMOMAB; BORTEZOMIB; CAT 3888; CAT 8015; CD20 ANTIGEN; CORTICOSTEROID; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; DEXAMETHASONE; DOXORUBICIN; DT 2219; EPRATUZUMAB; EVEROLIMUS; FLAVOPIRIDOL; FORODESINE; GAMMA SECRETASE INHIBITOR; INOTUZUMAB OZOGAMICIN; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE INHIBITOR; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; MOXETUMOMAB PASUDOTOX; PEMETREXED; RAPAMYCIN; RITUXIMAB; TALOTREXIN; TEMSIROLIMUS; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VINCRISTINE;

ACUTE GRANULOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA; ADULT DISEASE; ASTHMA; BLOOD TOXICITY; BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION; BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; CANCER COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER SURVIVAL; CHILDHOOD LEUKEMIA; CHILL; CHRONIC LYMPHATIC LEUKEMIA; CONTINUOUS INFUSION; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION; CYTOPENIA; DRUG DOSE ESCALATION; DRUG FEVER; DRUG INDUCED HEADACHE; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; EVENT FREE SURVIVAL; HERPES SIMPLEX; HERPES ZOSTER; HUMAN; HYPOKALEMIA; IMMUNOGLOBULIN BLOOD LEVEL; INFECTION; LEUKEMIA RELAPSE; LIVER FAILURE; LYMPHOCYTOPENIA; MINIMAL RESIDUAL DISEASE; MULTIPLE CYCLE TREATMENT; NAUSEA; NONHODGKIN LYMPHOMA; NONHUMAN; OVERALL SURVIVAL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; RECOMMENDED DRUG DOSE; REVIEW; SEIZURE; SIDE EFFECT; TREATMENT OUTCOME; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT;

ANIMALS; ANTIBODIES, MONOCLONAL; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; HUMANS; MOLECULAR TARGETED THERAPY; PRECURSOR CELL LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA-LYMPHOMA;

EID: 81255177073     PISSN: 08898588     EISSN: 15581977     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2011.09.019     Document Type: Review

References (63)

1. Pui C.H., Evans W.E. Treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med 2006, 354:166.
2. Fielding A. The treatment of adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2008, 381.
3. Pulte D., Gondos A., Brenner H. Improvement in survival in younger patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia from the 1980s to the early 21st century. Blood 2009, 113:1408.
4. Moorman A.V., Harrison C.J., Buck G.A., et al. Karyotype is an independent prognostic factor in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): analysis of cytogenetic data from patients treated on the Medical Research Council (MRC) UKALLXII/Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 2993 trial. Blood 2007, 109:3189.
5. Stock W., La M., Sanford B., et al. What determines the outcomes for adolescents and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated on cooperative group protocols? A comparison of Children's Cancer Group and Cancer and Leukemia Group B studies. Blood 2008, 112:1646.
6. Litzow M.R. Evolving paradigms in the therapy of Philadelphia chromosome-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2009, 362.
7. Ramanujachar R., Richards S., Hann I., et al. Adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: emerging from the shadow of paediatric and adult treatment protocols. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2006, 47:748.
8. Ribera J.M., Oriol A. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adolescents and young adults. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2009, 23:1033.
9. Schiffer C.A. Differences in outcome in adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a consequence of better regimens? better doctors? both?. J Clin Oncol 2003, 21:760.
10. Huguet F., Leguay T., Raffoux E., et al. Pediatric-inspired therapy in adults with Philadelphia chromosome-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia: the GRAALL-2003 Study. J Clin Oncol 2009, 27:911.
11. Ribera J.M., Oriol A., Sanz M.A., et al. Comparison of the results of the treatment of adolescents and young adults with standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia with the Programa Espanol de Tratamiento en Hematologia pediatric-based protocol ALL-96. J Clin Oncol 2008, 26:1843.
12. Storring J.M., Minden M.D., Kao S., et al. Treatment of adults with BCR-ABL negative acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with a modified paediatric regimen. Br J Haematol 2009, 146:76.
13. Phase II study of combination chemotherapy in adolescents and young adults with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia in 2011, National Cancer Institute, Available at:, Accessed September 28, 2011. http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results.
14. Campana D. Minimal residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2010, 2010:7.
15. Borowitz M.J., Shuster J., Carroll A.J., et al. Prognostic significance of fluorescence intensity of surface marker expression in childhood B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. A Pediatric Oncology Group Study. Blood 1997, 89:3960.
16. Jeha S., Behm F., Pei D., et al. Prognostic significance of CD20 expression in childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 2006, 108:3302.
17. Thomas D.A., O'Brien S., Jorgensen J.L., et al. Prognostic significance of CD20 expression in adults with de novo precursor B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 2009, 113:6330.
18. Maury S., Huguet F., Leguay T., et al. Adverse prognostic significance of CD20 expression in adults with Philadelphia chromosome-negative B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Haematologica 2010, 95:324.
19. Thomas D.A., O'Brien S., Faderl S., et al. Chemoimmunotherapy with a modified hyper-CVAD and rituximab regimen improves outcome in de novo Philadelphia chromosome-negative precursor B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Oncol 2010, 28:3880.
20. Hoelzer D., Huettmann A., Kaul F., et al. Immunochemotherapy with rituximab improves molecular CR rate and outcome in CD20+ B-lineage standard and high-risk patients; results of 263 CD20+ patients studied prospectively in GMALL study 07/2003. Blood 2010, 116:77. [abstract: 170].
21. Dworzak M.N., Schumich A., Printz D., et al. CD20 up-regulation in pediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia during induction treatment: setting the stage for anti-CD20 directed immunotherapy. Blood 2008, 112:3982.
22. Coleman M., Goldenberg D.M., Siegel A.B., et al. Epratuzumab. Clin Cancer Res 2003, 9:3991s.
23. Carnahan J., Stein R., Qu Z., et al. Epratuzumab, a CD22-targeting recombinant humanized antibody with a different mode of action from rituximab. Mol Immunol 2007, 44:1331.
24. Micallef I.N., Maurer M.J., Wiseman G.A., et al. Epratuzumab with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone chemotherapy (ER-CHOP) in patients with previously untreated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood 2011, 118:4053.
25. Raetz E.A., Cairo M.S., Borowitz M.J., et al. Chemoimmunotherapy reinduction with epratuzumab in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in marrow relapse: a Children's Oncology Group Pilot Study. J Clin Oncol 2008, 26:3756.
26. Wayne A.S., Kreitman R.J., Findley H.W., et al. Anti-CD22 immunotoxin RFB4(dsFv)-PE38 (BL22) for CD22-positive hematologic malignancies of childhood: preclinical studies and phase I clinical trial. Clin Cancer Res 2010, 16:1894.
27. Wayne A.S., Bhojwani D., Jeha S., et al. Phase I clinical trial of the anti-CD22 immunotoxin CAT-8015 (HA22) for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Blood 2009, 114:839.
28. Dang N.H., Smith M.R., Offner F., et al. Anti-CD22 immunoconjugate inotuzumab ozogamicin (CMC-544) + rituximab: clinical activity including survival in patients with recurrent/refractory follicular or 'aggressive' lymphoma. Blood 2009, 114:584.
29. Jabbour E. Inotuzumab ozogamicin (IO; CMC544), a CD22 monoclonal antibody attached to calicheamycin, produces complete response (CR) plus complete marrow response (mCR) of greater than 50% in refractory relapse (R-R) acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). J Clin Oncol 2011, 29:420s. [abstract: 6507].
30. Vallera D., Hua C., Andrew R.S., et al. Genetic alteration of a bispecific ligand-directed toxin targeting human CD19 and CD22 receptors resulting in improved efficacy against systemic B cell malignancy. Leuk Res 2009, 33:1233.
31. Keating M.J., O'Brien S., Ferrajoli A. Alemtuzumab: a novel monoclonal antibody. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2001, 1:1059.
32. Tibes R., Keating M.J., Ferrajoli A., et al. Activity of alemtuzumab in patients with CD52-positive acute leukemia. Cancer 2006, 106:2645.
33. Stock W., Sanford B., Lozanski G., et al. Alemtuzumab can be incorporated into front-line therapy of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): final phase I results of a cancer and Leukemia Group B Study (CALGB 10102). Blood 2009, 114:838.
34. Baeuerle P.A., Reinhardt C. Bispecific T-cell engaging antibodies for cancer therapy. Cancer Res 2009, 69:4941.
35. Bargou R., Leo E., Zugmaier G., et al. Tumor regression in cancer patients by very low doses of a T cell-engaging antibody. Science 2008, 321:974.
36. Nagorsen D., Bargou R., Ruttinger D., et al. Immunotherapy of lymphoma and leukemia with T-cell engaging BiTE antibody blinatumomab. Leuk Lymphoma 2009, 50:886.
37. 2/d of BiTE(R) antibody blinatumomab. Blood 2009, 114:2723.
38. Topp M.S., Kufer P., Gokbuget N., et al. Targeted therapy with the T-cell-engaging antibody blinatumomab of chemotherapy-refractory minimal residual disease in B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients results in high response rate and prolonged leukemia-free survival. J Clin Oncol 2011, 29:2493.
39. Weng A.P., Ferrando A.A., Lee W., et al. Activating mutations of NOTCH1 in human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Science 2004, 306:269.
40. Ferrando A.A. The role of NOTCH1 signaling in T-ALL. Hematology 2009, 353-361.
41. Deangelo D.J., Stone R.M., Silverman L.B., et al. A phase I clinical trial of the notch inhibitor MK-0752 in patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL) and other leukemias. J Clin Oncol (Meeting Abstracts) 2006, 24:6585.
42. Real P.J., Tosello V., Palomero T., et al. [Gamma]-secretase inhibitors reverse glucocorticoid resistance in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nat Med 2009, 15:50.
43. Wei P., Walls M., Qiu M., et al. Evaluation of selective γ-secretase inhibitor PF-03084014 for its antitumor efficacy and gastrointestinal safety to guide optimal clinical trial design. Mol Cancer Ther 2010, 9:1618.
44. Furman R.R., Hoelzer D. Purine nucleoside phosphorylase inhibition as a novel therapeutic approach for B-cell lymphoid malignancies. Semin Oncol 2007, 34:S29.
45. Furman R.R., Gore L., Ravandi F., et al. Forodesine IV (Bcx-1777) is clinically active in relapsed/refractory T-cell leukemia: results of a phase II study (interim report). Blood 2006, 108:1851.
46. Bueso-Ramos C., Xu Y., McDonnell T.J., et al. Protein expression of a triad of frequently methylated genes, p73, p57Kip2, and p15, has prognostic value in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia independently of its methylation status. J Clin Oncol 2005, 23:3932.
47. Zheng S., Ma X., Zhang L., et al. Hypermethylation of the 5' CpG island of the FHIT gene is associated with hyperdiploid and translocation-negative subtypes of pediatric leukemia. Cancer Res 2004, 64:2000.
48. Hui Y., Koyu H., Blanca S.G., et al. Antileukemia activity of the combination of 5-aza-2' -deoxycytidine with valproic acid. Leuk Res 2005, 29:739.
49. Garcia-Manero G., Thomas D.A., Ryting M.E., et al. Final report of a phase I trial of decitabine with or without hyperCVAD in relapsed acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Blood 2010, 116:379. [abstract: 867].
50. Abdel-Karim I., Plunkett W.K., O'Brien S., et al. A phase I study of pemetrexed in patients with relapsed or refractory acute leukemia. Invest New Drugs 2011, 29:323.
51. Giles F., Rizzieri D.A., George S., et al. A phase I study of Talvesta(R) (Talotrexin) in relapsed or refractory leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome. Blood 2006, 108:1968.
52. Blum W., Phelps M.A., Klisovic R.B., et al. Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of a novel schedule of flavopiridol in relapsed or refractory acute leukemias. Haematologica 2010, 95:1098.
53. Karp J.E., Passaniti A., Gojo I., et al. Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of flavopiridol followed by 1-β -d-arabinofuranosylcytosine and mitoxantrone in relapsed and refractory adult acute leukemias. Clin Cancer Res 2005, 11:8403.
54. Houghton P.J., Morton C.L., Kolb E.A., et al. Initial testing (stage 1) of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib by the pediatric preclinical testing program. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008, 50:37.
55. Cortes J., Thomas D., Koller C., et al. Phase I study of bortezomib in refractory or relapsed acute leukemias. Clin Cancer Res 2004, 10:3371.
56. Horton T.M., Pati D., Plon S.E., et al. A phase 1 study of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in pediatric patients with refractory leukemia: a Children's Oncology Group Study. Clin Cancer Res 2007, 13:1516.
57. Messinger Y., Gaynon P., Raetz E., et al. Phase I study of bortezomib combined with chemotherapy in children with relapsed childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): a report from the therapeutic advances in childhood leukemia (TACL) consortium. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010, 55:254.
58. Brown V.I., Fang J., Alcorn K., et al. Rapamycin is active against B-precursor leukemia in vitro and in vivo, an effect that is modulated by IL-7-mediated signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003, 100:15113.
59. Crazzolara R., Bradstock K.F., Bendall L.J. RAD001 (everolimus) induces autophagy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Autophagy 2009, 5:727.
60. Crazzolara R., Cisterne A., Thien M., et al. Potentiating effects of RAD001 (everolimus) on vincristine therapy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 2009, 113:3297.
61. Hasegawa H., Yamada Y., Iha H., et al. Activation of p53 by Nutlin-3a, an antagonist of MDM2, induces apoptosis and cellular senescence in adult T-cell leukemia cells. Leukemia 2009, 23:2090.
62. Rambal A.A., Panaguiton Z.L., Kramer L., et al. MEK inhibitors potentiate dexamethasone lethality in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells through the pro-apoptotic molecule BIM. Leukemia 2009, 23:1744.
63. Lin Y.W., Beharry Z.M., Hill E.G., et al. A small molecule inhibitor of PIM protein kinases blocks the growth of precursor T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. Blood 2010, 115:824.