The Omega-3 Index as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases

Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators

Volumn 96, Issue 1-4, 2011, Pages 94-98

  Von Schacky, Clemens ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

^b Omegametrix GmbH   (Germany)

Author keywords

Docosahexaenoic acid; Eicosapentaenoic acid; Myocardial infarction; Omega 3 fatty acids; Sudden cardiac death

Indexed keywords

5,8,11,14,17 ICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; OMEGA 3 FATTY ACID; OMEGA 6 FATTY ACID;

ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; BODY MASS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR PARAMETERS; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIET; DIET RESTRICTION; DIETARY INTAKE; ERYTHROCYTE; GENDER; GENETICS; HEART INFARCTION; HORMONE SUBSTITUTION; HUMAN; MEAL; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; NONHUMAN; OMEGA 3 INDEX; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SOCIAL STATUS; SUDDEN DEATH; TISSUE LEVEL;

BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACIDS; EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; ERYTHROCYTES; EUROPE; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; PREGNANCY; PROGNOSIS; RESEARCH DESIGN; RISK FACTORS; SURVIVAL RATE; UNITED STATES;

EID: 81155150229     PISSN: 10988823     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2011.06.008     Document Type: Review

References (47)

1. D. Mozaffarian, and E.B. Rimm Fish intake, contaminants, and human health: evaluating the risks and the benefits J Am Med Assoc 296 2006 1885 1899 (Pubitemid 44596197)
2. C. von Schacky Omega-3 Index and cardiovascular disease prevention: principle and rationale Lipid Technol. 22 2010 151 154
3. C. von Schacky Omega-3 fatty acids vs. cardiac disease: the contribution of the omega-3 index Cell Mol Biol 56 2010 90 98
4. P.E. Marik, and J. Varon Omega-3 dietary supplements and the risk of cardiovascular events: a systematic review Clin Cardiol 32 2009 365 372
5. D. Kromhout, E.J. Giltay, and J.M. Geleijnse Alpha Omega Trial Group. n-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular events after myocardial infarction N Engl J Med 363 2010 2015 2026
6. B. Rauch, R. Schiele, and S. Schneider OMEGA Study Group. OMEGA, a randomized, placebo-controlled trial to test the effect of highly purified omega-3 fatty acids on top of modern guideline-adjusted therapy after myocardial infarction Circulation 122 2010 2152 2159
7. P. Galan, E. Kesse-Guyot, S. Czernichow, S. Briancon, J. Blacher, and Hercberg S SU.FOL.OM3 Collaborative Group. Effects of B vitamins and omega 3 fatty acids on cardiovascular diseases: a randomised placebo controlled trial BMJ 341 2010 c6273 10.1136/bmj.c6273
8. C. von Schacky Cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 81 2009 193 198
9. R. Marchioli, F. Barzi, and E. Bomba Early protection against sudden death by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids after myocardial infarction. Time-course analysis of the results of the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nellInfarcto Miocardio (GISSI)-Prevenzione Circulation 105 2002 1897 1903 (Pubitemid 34437615)
10. I. Graham, D. Atar, and K. Borch-Johnsen European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG). European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: executive summary: Fourth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (Constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts) Eur Heart J 28 2007 2375 2414 (Pubitemid 47542237)
11. L. Mosca, E.J. Benjamin, and K. Berra Effectiveness-based guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in women - 2011 update: a guideline from the American heart association Circulation 123 2011 1243 1262
12. W.S. Harris, D. Mozaffarian, and M. Lefevre Towards establishing dietary reference intakes for eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids J Nutr 139 2009 804S 819S
13. W.S. Harris International recommendations for consumption of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 8 Suppl. 1 2007 S50 S52
14. D.S. Siscovick, T.E. Raghunathan, and I. King Dietary intake and cell membrane levels of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the risk of primary cardiac arrest J Am Med Assoc 275 1995 836 837
15. C.M. Albert, H. Campos, and M.J. Stampfer Blood levels of long-chain n-3 fatty acids and the risk of sudden death N Engl J Med 346 2002 1113 1118 (Pubitemid 34984601)
16. C. von Schacky, S. Fischer, and P.C. Weber Long term effects of dietary marine ω-3 fatty acids upon plasma- and cellular lipids, platelet function and eicosanoid formation in humans J Clin Invest 76 1985 1626 1631 (Pubitemid 16193585)
17. W.S. Harris, and C. von Schacky The Omega-3 index: a new risk factor for death from CHD? Prev Med 39 2004 212 220 (Pubitemid 38797975)
18. W.S. Harris, and R.M. Thomas Biological variability of blood omega-3 biomarkers Clin Biochem 43 2010 338 340
19. W.S. Harris, S.A. Sands, and S.L. Windsor Omega-3 fatty acid levels in transplanted human hearts: effect of supplementation and comparison with erythrocytes Circulation 110 2004 1645 1649
20. C. Arnold, M. Markovic, and K. Blossey Arachidonic acid-metabolizing cytochrome P-450 enzymes are targets of omega-3 fatty acids J Biol Chem 285 2010 32720 32733
21. S.A. Sands, K.J. Reid, S.L. Windsor, and W.S. Harris The impact of age, body mass index, and fish intake on the EPA and DHA content of human erythrocytes Lipids 40 2005 343 347 (Pubitemid 40770944)
22. A. Sala-Vila, W.S. Harris, and M. Cofán Determinants of the omega-3 index in a Mediterranean population at increased risk for CHD Br J Nutr 2011 1 7 [Epub ahead of print, March 30]
23. H. Aarsetøy, R. Aarsetøy, T. Lindner, H. Staines, W.S. Harris, and D.W.T. Nilsen Low levels of the omega-3 index are associated with sudden cardiac arrest and remain stable in survivors in the subacute phase Lipids 46 2011 151 161
24. B.E. Cohen, S.K. Garg, S. Ali, W.S. Harris, and M.A. Whooley Red blood cell EPA and DHA concentrations are positively associated with Socioeconomic status in patients with established coronary artery disease: Data from the Heart and Soul Study J Nutr 138 2008 1135 1140 (Pubitemid 351769141)
25. R. di Giuseppe, M. de Lorgeril, and P. Salen European Collaborative Group of the IMMIDIET Project. Alcohol consumption and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in healthy men and women from 3 European populations Am J Clin Nutr 89 2009 354 362
26. H. Itakura, M. Yokoyama, and M. Matsuzaki JELIS Investigators. Relationships between plasma fatty acid composition and coronary artery disease J Atheroscler Thromb 18 2011 99 107
27. T.L. Blasbalg, J.R. Hibbeln, C.E. Ramsden, S.F. Majchrzak, and R.R. Rawlings Changes in consumption of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in the United States during the 20th century Am J Clin Nutr 2011 [e-pub, March 2]
28. W.S. Harris, J.V. Pottala, S.A. Sands, and P.G. Jones Comparison of the effects of fish and fish oil capsules on the n-3 fatty acid content of blood cells and plasma phospholipids Am J Clin Nutr 86 2007 1621 1625 (Pubitemid 350232175)
29. A. Köhler, D. Bittner, A. Löw, and C. von Schacky Effects of a convenience drink fortified with n-3 fatty acids on the n-3 index Br J Nutr 104 2010 729 736
30. R.M. Carney, K.E. Freedland, E.H. Rubin, M.W. Rich, B.C. Steinmeyer, and W.S. Harris Omega-3 augmentation of sertaline in treatment of depression in patients with coronary heart disease JAMA 302 2009 1651 1735
31. R.M. Carney, K.E. Freedland, and P.K. Stein Effect of omega-3 fatty acids on heart rate variability in depressed patients with coronary heart disease Psychosom Med 72 2010 748 754
32. J. Dyerberg, P. Madsen, J.M. Møller, I. Aardestrup, and E.B. Schmidt Bioavailability of marine n-3 fatty acid formulations Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 83 2010 137 141
33. J. Neubronner, J.P. Schuchardt, G. Kressel, M. Merkel, C. von Schacky, and A. Hahn Enhanced increase of omega-3 index in response to long-term n-3 fatty acid supplementation from triacylglycerides versus ethyl esters Eur J Clin Nutr 2010 [e-pub, November 10]
34. I.J. Haug, L.B. Sagmo, D. Zeiss, I.C. Olsen, K.I. Draget, and T. Seternes Bioavailability of EPA and DHA by gelled emulsions or soft gel capsules Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 113 2011 137 145
35. V. Karalazos, Bendiksen E, J.R. Dick, D.R. Tocher, and J. Gordon Bell Influence of the dietary protein:lipid ratio and fish oil substitution on fatty acid composition and metabolism of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) reared at high water temperatures Br J Nutr 105 2011 1012 1025
36. R.B. Ebbesson SODevereux, S. Cole, and L.O. Ebbesson Heart rate is associated with red blood cell fatty acid concentration: the Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Alaska Natives (GOCADAN) study Am Heart J 159 2010 1020 1025
37. A. Sala-Vila, W.S. Harris, and M. Cofán Determinants of the omega-3 index in a Mediterranean population at increased risk for CHD Br J Nutr 30 2011 1 7 [Epub ahead of print, March]
38. J.V. Pottala, S. Garg, B.E. Cohen, M.A. Whooley, and W.S. Harris Blood eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids predict all-cause mortality in patients with stable coronary heart disease: the heart and soul study Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 3 2010 406 412
39. Abuannadi M, O'Keefe JH, Spertus JA, Kennedy KF, Harris WS, Omega-3 index: an independent predictor of 1 year all cause mortality in myocardial infarction (MI) patients. Poster 174, AHA QCOR Meeting, May 19-21; 2010, accessible at http://my.americanheart.org/idc/groups/ahamah-public/@wcm/@sop/ @scon/documents/downloadable/ucm-319392.pdf.
40. H. Aarsetoey, V. Pönitz, H. Grundt, H. Staines, W.S. Harris, and D.W. Nilsen (n-3) fatty acid content of red blood cells does not predict risk of future cardiovascular events following an acute coronary syndrome J Nutr 139 2009 507 513
41. R. Farzneh-Far, J. Lin, E.S. Epel, W.S. Harris, E.H. Blackburn, and M.A. Whooley Association of marine omega-3 fatty acid levels with telomeric aging in patients with coronary heart disease JAMA 303 2010 250 257
42. R.C. Block, W.S. Harris, K.J. Reid, S.A. Sands, and J.A. Spertus EPA and DHA in blood cell membranes from acute coronary syndrome patients and controls Atherosclerosis 197 2008 821 828 (Pubitemid 351417881)
43. G.C. Shearer, J.V. Pottala, J.A. Spertus, and W.S. Harris Red blood cell fatty acid patterns and acute coronary syndrome PLoS ONE 4 2009 e5444
44. Y. Park, J. Lim, J. Lee, and S.G. Kim Erythrocyte fatty acid profiles can predict acute non-fatal myocardial infarction Br J Nutr 102 2009 1355 1356
45. M.A. Hlatky, P. Greenland, and D.K. Arnett American heart association expert panel on subclinical atherosclerotic diseases and emerging risk factors and the stroke council Circulation 119 2009 2408 2416
46. M. Helfand, D.I. Buckley, and M. Freeman Emerging risk factors for coronary heart disease: a summary of systematic reviews conducted for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Ann Intern Med 151 2009 496 507
47. T.C. Baghai, G. Varallo-Bedarida, and C. Born Major depressive disorder is associated with cardiovascular risk factors and low Omega-3 index J Clin Psychiatry 2010 [e-pub, December 14]