Schedule control, supervisor support and work engagement: A winning combination for workers in hourly jobs?

Journal of Vocational Behavior

Volumn 79, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 613-624

  Swanberg, Jennifer E ^a   McKechnie, Sharon P ^b   Ojha, Mamta U ^c   James, Jacquelyn B ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY   (United States)

^b EMMANUEL COLLEGE   (United States)

^c BOWLING GREEN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d BOSTON COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

Flexible work schedules; Hourly workers; Retail jobs; Schedule control; Work engagement

Indexed keywords

EID: 80755190060     PISSN: 00018791     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2011.04.012     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Adams G.A., Jex S.M. Relationships between time management, control, work-family conflict, and strain. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 1999, 4(1):72-77.
2. Allen T.D. Family-supportive work environments: The role of organizational perceptions. Journal of Vocational Behavior 2001, 58:414-435.
3. Allen T.D., Herst D.E.L., Bruck C.S., Sutton M. Consequences associated with work-to-family conflict: A review and agenda for future research. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 2000, 5:278-308.
4. Appelbaum E., Bernhardt A., Murnane R.J. Low wage America: An overview. Low wage America: How employers are reshaping opportunity in the workplace 2003, 1-29. Russell Sage Foundation, New York. E. Appelbaum, A. Bernhardt, R.J. Murnane (Eds.).
5. Appelbaum, E & Golden, L. (2003). The failure to reform the workday. Challenge (05775132), 46(1), 79-92.
6. Appelbaum E., Schmidt J. Low-wage work in high-income countries: Labor market institutions and business strategy in the US and Europe. Human Relations 2009, 62(12):1907-1934.
7. Aselage J., Eisenberger R. Perceived organizational support and psychological contracts: A theoretical integration. Journal of Organizational Behavior 2003, 24:491-509.
8. Bakker A.B., Demerouti E. The job demands-resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology 2007, 22(3):309-328. 10.1108/02683940710733115.
9. Bakker A.B., Demerouti E., Euwema M.C. Job resources buffer the impact of job demands on burnout. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 2005, 10:170-180. 10.1037/1076-8998.10.2.170.
10. Baltes B.B., Briggs T.E., Huff J.W., Wright J.A., Neuman G.A. Flexible and compressed workweek schedules: A meta-analysis of their effects on work-related criteria. The Journal of Applied Psychology 1999, 84(4):496-513.
11. Baron R.M., Kenny D.A. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1986, 51(6):1173-1182.
12. Blair-Loy M., Wharton A.S. Organizational commitment and constraints on work-family policy use: Corporate flexibility policies in a global firm. Sociological Perspectives 2004, 47(3):243-267. 10.1525/sop. 2004.47.4.533.
13. Bond J.T., Thompson C., Galinsky E., Prottas D. Highlights of the national study of the changing workforce 2002, Families and Work Institute, New York, NY.
14. Caplan R., Cobb S., French J.R.P.J., Harrison R.V., Pinneau S.R.J. Job demands and worker health: Main effects and occupational differences 1975, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Michigan.
15. Carlson D., Grzywacz J., Kacmar M.K. The relationship of schedule flexibility and outcomes via work-family interface. Journal of Managerial Psychology 2010, 25(4):330-355. 10.1108/02683941011035278.
16. Dawis R.V., Lofquist L.H. A psychological theory of work adjustment 1984, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN.
17. Dawis R.V., Lofquist L.J., Weiss D.J. A theory of work adjustment (a revision). Minnesota Studies in Vocational Rehabilitation 1968, 23.
18. Drago R., Hyatt D. Symposium: The effect of work-family policies on employees and employers. Industrial Relations 2003, 42(2):139-144.
19. Eaton S.C. If you can use them: Flexibility policies, organizational commitment, and perceived performance. Industrial Relations 2003, 42(2):145-167.
20. Families and Work Institute What do we know about entry-level hourly employees? (research brief no. 1) 2006, Families and Work Institute, New York, NY.
21. Frone M.R. Work-family conflict and employee psychiatric disorders: The national comorbidity survey. The Journal of Applied Psychology 2000, 85:888-895.
22. Galinsky B., Bond J.T. The impact of the recession on employers Retrieved from Families and Work Institute website:. http://familiesandwork.org/site/research/reports/Recession2009.
23. Galinsky E., Bond T., Sakai K., Kim S., Giuntoli N. The 2008 National Study of Employers 2008, Families and Work Institute, New York, NY.
24. Golden L. The flexibility gap: Employee access to flexibility in work schedules. Flexibility in workplaces: Effects on workers, work environment and the unions 2005, 38-56. IIRA/ILO, Geneva. I.U. Zeytinoglu (Ed.).
25. Golden L. Flexible daily work schedules in U.S. jobs: Formal introductions needed?. Industrial Relations 2009, 48(1).
26. Greenberger E., Goldberg W.A., Hamill S., O'Neil R., Payne C.K. Contributions of support work environments to parents' well-being and orientation to work. American Journal of Community Psychology 1989, 17:755-783.
27. Hackman J.R., Oldham G.R. Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 1976, 16:250-279.
28. Haley-Lock, A. (forthcoming). Place-bound jobs at the intersection of policy and management: comparing employer practices in U.S. and Canadian chain restaurants. American Behavioral Scientist.
29. Hallberg U.E., Schaufeli W.B "Same same" but different? Can work engagement be discriminated from job involvement and organizational commitment?. European Psychologist 2006, 11:119-127.
30. Hammer L., Kossek E., Zimmerman K., Daniels R. Clarifying the construct of family-supportive supervisory behaviors: A multilevel perspective. Exploring the work and non-work interface 2007, 165-204. Elesviere, JAI, Oxford, UK. P.G. Perrewé, D (Eds.).
31. Harter J.K., Schmidt F.L., Hayes T.L. Business-unit-level relationship between employee satisfaction, employee engagement, and business outcomes: A meta-analysis. The Journal of Applied Psychology 2002, 87(2):268-279. 10.1037//0021-9010.87.2.268.
32. Henly J.R., Lambert S.J. Schedule flexibility and unpredictability in retail: Implications for employee work-life outcomes Retrieved from University of Chicago website:. http://www.ssa.uchicago.edu/faculty/Henly.Lambert.Unpredictability.and.work-life.outcomes.pdf.
33. Hill J.E., Grzywacz J.G., Allen S., Blanchard V., Matz-Costa C., Shulkin S., et al. Defining and conceptualizing workplace flexibility. Community, Work & Family 2008, 11(2):149-163. 10.1080/13668800802024678.
34. House J.S. Work stress and social support 1981, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass.
35. James J., McKechnie S.P., Swanberg J. Predicting employee engagement in an age-diverse retail workforce. Journal of Organizational Behavior 2011, 32:173-196. 10.1002/job.681.
36. Kahn W. Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal 1990, 33(4):692-724.
37. Kalleberg A.L. Precarious work, insecure workers. Employment relations in transition. American Sociological Review 2009, 74:1-22. 10.1177/000312240907400101.
38. Karasek R.A. Job demands, job decision latitude, and mental strain: Implications for job redesign. Administrative Science Quarterly 1979, 24(2):285-308.
39. Karasek R.A., Theorell T. Healthy work: Stress, productivity, and the reconstruction of working life 1990, Basic Books, NY.
40. Kelly E.L., Kalev A. Managing flexible work arrangements in US organizations: Formalized discretion or "right to ask". Socio-Economic Review 2006, 4:379-416. 10.1093/ser/mwl001.
41. Kelly E.L., Kossek E.E., Hammer L.B., Durham M., Bray J., Chermack K., et al. Getting there from here: Research on the effects of work-family initiatives on work-family conflict and business outcomes. The Academy of Management Annals 2008, 2(1):305-349. 10.1080/19416520802211610.
42. Kelly E., Moen P. Rethinking the clockwork of work: Why schedule control may pay off at work and at home. Advances in developing human resources 2007, 9(4):487-506. 10.1177/1523422307305489.
43. Konrad A.M., Mangel R. The impact of work-life programs on firm productivity. Strategic Management Journal 2000, 21:1225-1237.
44. Kossek E.E., Lautsch B.A., Eaton S.C. Flexibility enactment theory: Implications of flexibility type, control and boundary management for work-family effectiveness. Work and life integration 2005, 243-261. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ. E.E. Kossek, S.J. Lambert (Eds.).
45. Kossek, E. E., Pichler, S., Bodner, T., & Hammer, L. B. (in press). Workplace social support and work-family conflict: A meta-analysis clarifying the influence of general and work-family specific supervisor and organizational support. Personnel Psychology.
46. Krull J.L., MacKinnon D.P. Multilevel mediation modeling in group-based intervention studies. Evaluation Review 1999, 23:418-444.
47. Lambert S. Passing the buck: Labor flexibility practices that transfer risk onto hourly workers. Human Relations 2008, 61(9):1203-1277.
48. Lambert, S. J., Haley-Lock, A., & Henly, J. R. (under review). Work schedule flexibility in hourly jobs: Unanticipated consequences and promising directions. Community, Work & Family.
49. Lambert S.J., Henly J.R. Work scheduling study Retrieved from University of Chicago website:. http://www.ssa.uchicago.edu/faculty/Work_Scheduling_Study.pdf.
50. Macan T.H. Time management: test of a process model. The Journal of Applied Psychology 1994, 79:381-391.
51. Macey W., Schneider B. The meaning of employee engagement. Industrial and Organizational Psychology 2008, 1(1):3-30. 10.1111/j.1754-9434.2007.0002.x.
52. Marchenko Y. Estimating variance components in Stata. Stata Journal 2006, 6:1-21.
53. Perlow L.A. Boundary control: The social ordering of work and family time in a high-tech corporation. Administrative Science Quarterly 1998, 43:328-357.
54. Perry-Jenkins M., Bourne H., Meteyer K. Work-family challenges for blue-collar parents. The future of work in Massachusetts 2007, 185-203. University of Massachusetts Press, Boston, MA. T. Juravich (Ed.).
55. Perry-Smith J., Dumas T. Debunking the ideal worker myth: Effects of temporal flexibility & worker configuration on engagement. Academy of management proceedings 2007, 1-6.
56. Pierce J.L., Gardner D.G., Cummings L.L., Dunham R.B. Organization based self-esteem: Construct definition, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal 1989, 32(3):622-648.
57. Pierce J.L., Newstrom J.W. Toward a conceptual clarification of employee responses to flexible working hours: A work adjustment approach. Journal of Management 1980, 6(2):117-134.
58. Pitt-Catsouphes M., Matz-Costa C. The multi-generational workforce: Workplace flexibility and engagement. Community, Work & Family 2008, 11(2):215-229. 10.1080/13668800802021906.
59. Raudenbush S.W., Bryk A.S. Hierarchical linear models 2002, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks. Second ed.
60. Richman A.L., Civian J.T., Shannon L.L., Hill J., Brennan R.T. The relationship of perceived flexibility, supportive work-life policies, and use of formal flexible arrangements and occasional flexibility to employee engagement and expected retention. Community, Work and Family 2008, 11(2):183-197.
61. Ronen S.R., Primps S.B. The compressed work week as organizational change: behavior and attitudinal outcomes. Academy of Management Review 1981, 6(1):61-74.
62. Salanova M., Agut S., Peiró J.M. Linking organizational resources and work engagement to employee performance and customer loyalty: The mediating role of service climate. The Journal of Applied Psychology 2005, 90:1217-1227.
63. Saks A. Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement. Journal of Managerial Psychology 2006, 21(7):600-619. 10.1108/02683940610690169.
64. Schaufeli W.B., Bakker A.B. Job demands, job resources and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi-sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior 2004, 25:293-315.
65. Schaufeli W.B., Bakker A.B., Van Rhenen W. How changes in job demands and resources predict burnout, work engagement, and sickness absenteeism. Journal of Organizational Behavior 2009, 30:893-917. 10.1002/job.595.
66. Schaufeli W., Salanova M., González-romá V., Bakker A. The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies 2002, 3(1):71-92. 10.1023/A:1015630930326.
67. Sobel M.E. Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. Sociological methodology 1982 1982, 290-312. American Sociological Association, Washington DC. S. Leinhardt (Ed.).
68. Swanberg J., James J., Ojha M.U., Werner M., McKechnie S.P. Introduction to the Citisales study: Citisales issue brief 1 2008, 13. University of Kentucky Institute for Workplace Innovation, Lexington, KY.
69. Swanberg J.E., James J.B., Werner M., McKechnie S.P. Workplace flexibility for hourly lower-wage employees: A strategic business practice within one national retail firm. Psychologist-Manager Journal 2008, 11(1):5-29. 10.1080/10887150801963836.
70. Swanberg J.E., Pitt-Catsouphes M., Drescher-Burke K. A question of justice: Disparities in employees' access to flexible schedule arrangements. Journal of Family Issues 2005, 26(6):866-895.
71. Thomas L.T., Ganster D.C. Impact of family-supportive work variables on work-family conflict and strain: A control perspective. The Journal of Applied Psychology 1995, 80(1):6-15.
72. Thompson C.A., Beauvais L.L., Lyness K.S. When work-family benefits are not enough: The influence of work-family culture on benefit utilization, organizational attachment, and work-family conflict. Journal of Vocational Behavior 1999, 54:392-415.
73. Thompson C.A., Prottas D. Relationships among organizational family support, job autonomy, perceived control, and employee well-being. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 2005, 11(1):100-118.
74. U.S.Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics Table 6. The 30 occupations with the largest employment growth, 2008-18. US Department of Labor 2009, Retrieved from:. http://www.bls.gov/news.release/ecopro.t06.htm.
75. Watson E., Swanberg J. Rethinking workplace flexibility for hourly workers: Policy brief 2011, WF2010, Georgetown Law, Georgetown University, Washington, DC.
76. Wang P., Walumbwa F.O. Family-friendly programs. Organizational Commitment and Work Withdrawal: The moderating role of transformational leadership Personnel Psychology 2007, 60:397-427.
77. Xanthopoulou D., Bakker A.B., Demerouti E., Schaufeli W.B. Reciprocal relationships between job resources, personal resources, and work engagement. Journal of Vocational Behavior 2009, 74:235-244.