메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 36, Issue , 2011, Pages 27-43

Ocean circulations, heat budgets, and future commitment to climate change

Author keywords

attribution; climate modeling; detection; environmental change; ocean warming; sea level rise

Indexed keywords

ATTRIBUTION; CLIMATE MODELING; ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE; OCEAN WARMING; SEA LEVEL RISE;

EID: 80155146935     PISSN: 15435938     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-environ-022610-112928     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (8)

References (91)
  • 2
    • 11044229293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the oceanic heat transport in North Atlantic irrelevant to the climate in Europe
    • Rhines PB, Häkkinen S. 2003. Is the oceanic heat transport in North Atlantic irrelevant to the climate in Europe? ASOF Newsl. 1:13-17
    • (2003) ASOF Newsl. , vol.1 , pp. 13-17
    • Rhines, P.B.1    Häkkinen, S.2
  • 3
    • 34250633937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wally was right: Predictive ability of the North American conveyor belt hypothesis for abrupt climate change
    • Alley RB. 2007. Wally was right: Predictive ability of the North American "Conveyor Belt" hypothesis for abrupt climate change. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 35:241-72
    • (2007) Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. , vol.35 , pp. 241-272
    • Alley, R.B.1
  • 4
    • 0022193918 scopus 로고
    • Climate response times: Dependence on climate sensitivity and ocean mixing
    • Hansen J, Russell G, Lacis A, Fung I, Rind D, Stone P. 1985. Climate response times: dependence on climate sensitivity and ocean mixing. Science 229:857-59
    • (1985) Science , vol.229 , pp. 857-859
    • Hansen, J.1    Russell, G.2    Lacis, A.3    Fung, I.4    Rind, D.5    Stone, P.6
  • 7
    • 15244348974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The climate change commitment
    • Wigley TML. 2005. The climate change commitment. Science 307:1766-69
    • (2005) Science , vol.307 , pp. 1766-1769
    • Wigley, T.M.L.1
  • 8
    • 0024218642 scopus 로고
    • The greenhouse theory of climate change: A test by an inadvertent global experiment
    • Ramanathan V. 1988. The greenhouse theory of climate change: a test by an inadvertent global experiment. Science 240:293-99
    • (1988) Science , vol.240 , pp. 293-299
    • Ramanathan, V.1
  • 9
    • 77956515299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 emissions and climate change from existing energy infrastructure
    • 2 emissions and climate change from existing energy infrastructure. Science 329:1330-33
    • (2010) Science , vol.329 , pp. 1330-1333
    • Davis, S.J.1    Caldiera, K.2    Matthews, H.D.3
  • 10
    • 55749088477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On avoiding dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system: Formidable challenges ahead
    • USA
    • Ramanathan V, Feng Y. 2008. On avoiding dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system: formidable challenges ahead. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 105:14245-50
    • (2008) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. , vol.105 , pp. 14245-14250
    • Ramanathan, V.1    Feng, Y.2
  • 12
    • 33646244781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secular trends and climate drift in coupled oceanatmosphere general circulation models
    • Covey C, Gleckler PJ, Phillips TJ, Bader DC. 2006. Secular trends and climate drift in coupled oceanatmosphere general circulation models. J. Geophys. Res. 111:D03107
    • (2006) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.111
    • Covey, C.1    Gleckler, P.J.2    Phillips, T.J.3    Bader, D.C.4
  • 13
    • 28444480226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Slowing of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation at 25° N
    • Bryden HL, Longworth HR, Cunningham SA. 2005. Slowing of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation at 25° N. Nature 438:655-57
    • (2005) Nature , vol.438 , pp. 655-657
    • Bryden, H.L.1    Longworth, H.R.2    Cunningham, S.A.3
  • 14
    • 34548134146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation at 26.5° N
    • Cunningham SA, Kanzow T, Rayner D, Baringer MO, Johns WE, et al. 2007. Temporal variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation at 26.5° N. Science 317:935-38
    • (2007) Science , vol.317 , pp. 935-938
    • Cunningham, S.A.1    Kanzow, T.2    Rayner, D.3    Baringer, M.O.4    Johns, W.E.5
  • 15
    • 80155130120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Argo
    • Argo. 2011. Argo home page. http://www.argo.ucsd.edu
    • (2011) Argo Home Page
  • 16
    • 0001064548 scopus 로고
    • Variability of structure and transport of the florida current in the period range of days to season
    • Schott FA, Lee TN, Zantropp R. 1988. Variability of structure and transport of the Florida Current in the period range of days to season. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 18:1209-30
    • (1988) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.18 , pp. 1209-1230
    • Schott, F.A.1    Lee, T.N.2    Zantropp, R.3
  • 17
    • 0034707034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved estimates of global ocean circulation heat transport and mixing from hydrological data
    • Ganachaud A, Wunsch C. 2000. Improved estimates of global ocean circulation, heat transport and mixing from hydrological data. Nature 408:453-57
    • (2000) Nature , vol.408 , pp. 453-457
    • Ganachaud, A.1    Wunsch, C.2
  • 19
    • 0027883230 scopus 로고
    • Heat flow from the Earths interior: Analysis of the global data set
    • Pollack HN, Hurter SJ, Johnson JR. 1993. Heat flow from the Earth's interior: analysis of the global data set. Rev. Geophys. 31:267-80
    • (1993) Rev. Geophys. , vol.31 , pp. 267-280
    • Pollack, H.N.1    Hurter, S.J.2    Johnson, J.R.3
  • 23
    • 45349097750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An observational estimate of inferred ocean energy divergence
    • Trenberth KE, Fasullo JT. 2008. An observational estimate of inferred ocean energy divergence. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 28:984-99
    • (2008) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.28 , pp. 984-999
    • Trenberth, K.E.1    Fasullo, J.T.2
  • 24
    • 0000758435 scopus 로고
    • Computations of surface energy flux and annual air-sea interaction cycles of the North Atlantic Ocean
    • Bunker AF. 1976. Computations of surface energy flux and annual air-sea interaction cycles of the North Atlantic Ocean. Mon. Weather Rev. 104:1122-40
    • (1976) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.104 , pp. 1122-1140
    • Bunker, A.F.1
  • 25
    • 0000788132 scopus 로고
    • Toward new mass and heat budgets for the Arctic Ocean
    • Aagaard K, Greisman P. 1975. Toward new mass and heat budgets for the Arctic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 80:3821-27
    • (1975) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.80 , pp. 3821-3827
    • Aagaard, K.1    Greisman, P.2
  • 26
    • 0041760760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shallow intermediate and deep overturning components of the global heat budget
    • Talley LD. 2003. Shallow, intermediate, and deep overturning components of the global heat budget. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 33:530-60
    • (2003) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.33 , pp. 530-560
    • Talley, L.D.1
  • 27
    • 0036965207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimates of freshwater discharge from continents: Latitudinal and seasonal variations
    • Dai A, Trenberth KE. 2002. Estimates of freshwater discharge from continents: latitudinal and seasonal variations. J. Hydrometeorol. 3:660-87
    • (2002) J. Hydrometeorol. , vol.3 , pp. 660-687
    • Dai, A.1    Trenberth, K.E.2
  • 28
    • 0028853049 scopus 로고
    • Meridional energy transport: Uncertainty in zonal means
    • Keith DW. 1995. Meridional energy transport: uncertainty in zonal means. Tellus A 47:30-44
    • (1995) Tellus A , vol.47 , pp. 30-44
    • Keith, D.W.1
  • 29
    • 0001027133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimates ofmeridional atmosphere and ocean heat transports
    • Trenberth KE, Caron JM. 2001. Estimates ofmeridional atmosphere and ocean heat transports. J. Clim. 14:3433-43
    • (2001) J. Clim. , vol.14 , pp. 3433-3443
    • Trenberth, K.E.1    Caron, J.M.2
  • 30
    • 72149106757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ocean heat transport
    • ed G Siedler J Church J Gould New York: Academic
    • Bryden HL, Imawaki S. 2001. Ocean heat transport. In Ocean Circulation and Climate, ed. G Siedler, J Church, J Gould, pp. 455-74. New York: Academic
    • (2001) Ocean Circulation and Climate , pp. 455-474
    • Bryden, H.L.1    Imawaki, S.2
  • 31
    • 70349267603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The physical basis for increases in precipitation extremes in simulations of 21st-century climate change
    • USA
    • O'Gorman PA, Schneider T. 2009. The physical basis for increases in precipitation extremes in simulations of 21st-century climate change. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 106:14773-77
    • (2009) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. , vol.106 , pp. 14773-14777
    • O'Gorman, P.A.1    Schneider, T.2
  • 34
    • 67449146612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global warming due to increasing absorbed solar radiation
    • Trenberth KE, Fasullo JT. 2009. Global warming due to increasing absorbed solar radiation. Geophys. Res. Lett. 36:L07706
    • (2009) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.36
    • Trenberth, K.E.1    Fasullo, J.T.2
  • 35
    • 0001903623 scopus 로고
    • Ocean climate modeling
    • Bretherton FP. 1982. Ocean climate modeling. Prog. Oceanogr. 11:93-129
    • (1982) Prog. Oceanogr. , vol.11 , pp. 93-129
    • Bretherton, F.P.1
  • 36
    • 0030924602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On spatial scales and lifetimes of SST anomalies beneath a diffusive atmosphere
    • Marotzke J, Pierce DW. 1997. On spatial scales and lifetimes of SST anomalies beneath a diffusive atmosphere. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 27:133-39
    • (1997) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.27 , pp. 133-139
    • Marotzke, J.1    Pierce, D.W.2
  • 37
    • 33645824121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How well do we understand and evaluate climate change feedback processes
    • Bony S, Colman R, Kattsov VM, Allan RP, Bretherton CS, et al. 2006. How well do we understand and evaluate climate change feedback processes?. J. Clim. 19:3445-82
    • (2006) J. Clim. , vol.19 , pp. 3445-3482
    • Bony, S.1    Colman, R.2    Kattsov, V.M.3    Allan, R.P.4    Bretherton, C.S.5
  • 38
    • 71949111079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comment on heat capacity time constant and sensitivity of earths climate system by S.E. Schwartz
    • Knutti RS, Kraähenmann S, Frame DJ, Allen MR. 2008. Comment on "Heat capacity, time constant, and sensitivity of Earth's climate system" by S.E. Schwartz. J. Geophys. Res. 113:D15103
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Knutti, R.S.1    Kraähenmann, S.2    Frame, D.J.3    Allen, M.R.4
  • 39
    • 48749088645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term climate commitments projected with climate-carbon cycle models
    • Plattner G-K, Knutti R, Joos F, Stocker TF, von Bloh W, et al. 2008. Long-term climate commitments projected with climate-carbon cycle models. J. Clim. 21:2721-51
    • (2008) J. Clim. , vol.21 , pp. 2721-2751
    • Plattner, G.-K.1    Knutti, R.2    Joos, F.3    Stocker, T.F.4    Von Bloh, W.5
  • 42
    • 44249128204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stabilizing climate requires near-zero emissions
    • Matthews HD, Caldeira K. 2008. Stabilizing climate requires near-zero emissions. Geophys. Res. Lett. 35:L04705
    • (2008) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.35
    • Matthews, H.D.1    Caldeira, K.2
  • 43
  • 44
    • 1442291176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time scales of climate response
    • Stouffer RJ. 2004. Time scales of climate response. J. Clim. 17:209-17
    • (2004) J. Clim. , vol.17 , pp. 209-217
    • Stouffer, R.J.1
  • 45
    • 20344400160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Earths energy imbalance: Confirmation and implications
    • Hansen J, Nazarenko L, Ruedy R, Sato M,Willis J, et al. 2005. Earth's energy imbalance: confirmation and implications. Science 308:1431-35
    • (2005) Science , vol.308 , pp. 1431-1435
    • Hansen, J.1    Nazarenko, L.2    Ruedy, R.3    Sato, M.4    Willis, J.5
  • 47
    • 33646829485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twenty-first-century climate change commitment from a multimodel ensemble
    • Teng H, Buja LE, Meehl GA. 2006. Twenty-first-century climate change commitment from a multimodel ensemble. Geophys. Res. Lett. 33:L07706
    • (2006) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.33
    • Teng, H.1    Buja, L.E.2    Meehl, G.A.3
  • 50
    • 33645963021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate-carbon cycle feedback analysis: Results from the C4MIP model intercomparison
    • Friedlingstein P, Cox P, Betts R, Bopp L, von Bloh W, et al. 2006. Climate-carbon cycle feedback analysis: results from the C4MIP model intercomparison. J. Clim. 19:3337-53
    • (2006) J. Clim. , vol.19 , pp. 3337-3353
    • Friedlingstein, P.1    Cox, P.2    Betts, R.3    Bopp, L.4    Von Bloh, W.5
  • 51
    • 80155172899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global and regional exposure to large rises in sea-level: A sensitivity analysis
    • Tyndall Cent. Clim. Change Res.
    • Anthoff D, Nicholls RJ, Tol RSJ, Vafeidis AT. 2006. Global and regional exposure to large rises in sea-level: a sensitivity analysis. Work. Pap. 96, Tyndall Cent. Clim. Change Res.
    • (2006) Work. Pap. , vol.96
    • Anthoff, D.1    Nicholls, R.J.2    Tol, R.S.J.3    Vafeidis, A.T.4
  • 52
    • 77957986732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of geoengineering to limit 21st century sea-level rise
    • USA
    • Moore JC, Jevrejeva S, Grinsted A. 2010. Efficacy of geoengineering to limit 21st century sea-level rise. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 107:15699-703
    • (2010) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. , vol.107 , pp. 15699-15703
    • Moore, J.C.1    Jevrejeva, S.2    Grinsted, A.3
  • 53
    • 0020642237 scopus 로고
    • Recent changes in sea level and their possible causes
    • Barnett TP. 1983. Recent changes in sea level and their possible causes. Clim. Change 5:15-38
    • (1983) Clim. Change , vol.5 , pp. 15-38
    • Barnett, T.P.1
  • 54
    • 59849125870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sea-level fingerprint of West Antarctic collapse
    • Mitrovica JX, Gomez N, Clark PU. 2009. The sea-level fingerprint of West Antarctic collapse. Science 323:753
    • (2009) Science , vol.323 , pp. 753
    • Mitrovica, J.X.1    Gomez, N.2    Clark, P.U.3
  • 55
    • 33846648686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A semi-empirical approach to projecting future sea-level rise
    • Rahmstorf S. 2007. A semi-empirical approach to projecting future sea-level rise. Science 315:368-70
    • (2007) Science , vol.315 , pp. 368-370
    • Rahmstorf, S.1
  • 56
    • 34848826325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response to comments on a semi-empirical approach to projecting future sea-level rise
    • Rahmstorf S. 2007. Response to comments on "A semi-empirical approach to projecting future sea-level rise." Science 317:1866
    • (2007) Science , vol.317 , pp. 1866
    • Rahmstorf, S.1
  • 57
    • 80155144469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Erratum on Response to comments on a semi-empirical approach to projecting future sea-level rise
    • 10 Oct. 2008
    • Rahmstorf S. 2008. Erratum on Response to comments on "A semi-empirical approach to projecting future sea-level rise." Science Post date 10 Oct. 2008
    • (2008) Science Post Date
    • Rahmstorf, S.1
  • 59
    • 76049103123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global sea level linked to global temperature
    • USA
    • Vermeer M, Rahmstorf S. 2009. Global sea level linked to global temperature. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 106:21527-32
    • (2009) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. , vol.106 , pp. 21527-21532
    • Vermeer, M.1    Rahmstorf, S.2
  • 60
    • 77950468243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconstructing sea level from paleo and projected temperatures 200 to 2100AD
    • Grinsted A, Moore JC, Jevrejeva S. 2009. Reconstructing sea level from paleo and projected temperatures 200 to 2100AD. Clim. Dyn. 34:461-72
    • (2009) Clim. Dyn. , vol.34 , pp. 461-472
    • Grinsted, A.1    Moore, J.C.2    Jevrejeva, S.3
  • 61
    • 77950496254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How will sea level respond to changes in natural and anthropogenic forcings by 2100
    • Jevrejeva S, Moore JC, Grinsted A. 2010. How will sea level respond to changes in natural and anthropogenic forcings by 2100? Geophys. Res. Lett. 37:L20706
    • (2010) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.37
    • Jevrejeva, S.1    Moore, J.C.2    Grinsted, A.3
  • 62
    • 0028829834 scopus 로고
    • Correction of instrumental biases in historical sea surface temperature data
    • Folland CK, Parker DE. 1995. Correction of instrumental biases in historical sea surface temperature data. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 121:319-67
    • (1995) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.121 , pp. 319-367
    • Folland, C.K.1    Parker, D.E.2
  • 63
    • 0021571852 scopus 로고
    • Long-term trends in surface temperature over the oceans
    • Barnett TP. 1984. Long-term trends in surface temperature over the oceans. Mon. Weather Rev. 112:303-12
    • (1984) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.112 , pp. 303-312
    • Barnett, T.P.1
  • 64
    • 44449160396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A large discontinuity in the mid-twentieth century in observed global-mean surface temperature
    • Thompson DWJ, Kennedy JJ, Wallace JM, Jones PD. 2008. A large discontinuity in the mid-twentieth century in observed global-mean surface temperature. Nature 453:646-49
    • (2008) Nature , vol.453 , pp. 646-649
    • Thompson, D.W.J.1    Kennedy, J.J.2    Wallace, J.M.3    Jones, P.D.4
  • 65
    • 0043195265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global measurement of sea surface temperature from space: Some new perspectives
    • Robinson IS, Donlon CJ. 2003. Global measurement of sea surface temperature from space: some new perspectives. J. Atmos. Ocean Sci. 9:19-37
    • (2003) J. Atmos. Ocean Sci. , vol.9 , pp. 19-37
    • Robinson, I.S.1    Donlon, C.J.2
  • 67
    • 80155144504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lockheed Martin
    • Lockheed Martin. 2010. XBT User's Guide. http://www.sippican.com/seaair/ xbt.php
    • (2010) XBT Users Guide
  • 72
    • 42049086218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing expendable bathythermograph fall rates and their impact on estimates of thermosteric sea level rise
    • Wijffels SE,Willis J, Domingues CM, Barker P, WhiteNJ, et al. 2008. Changing expendable bathythermograph fall rates and their impact on estimates of thermosteric sea level rise. J. Clim. 21:5657-72
    • (2008) J. Clim. , vol.21 , pp. 5657-5672
    • Wijffels, S.E.1    Willis, J.2    Domingues, C.M.3    Barker, P.4    White, N.J.5
  • 73
    • 45749146649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved estimates of upper-ocean warming and multi-decadal sea-level rise
    • Domingues CM, Church JA, White NJ, Gleckler PJ, Wijffels SE, et al. 2008. Improved estimates of upper-ocean warming and multi-decadal sea-level rise. Nature 453:1090-94
    • (2008) Nature , vol.453 , pp. 1090-1094
    • Domingues, C.M.1    Church, J.A.2    White, N.J.3    Gleckler, P.J.4    Wijffels, S.E.5
  • 74
    • 65149096767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reevaluation of historical ocean heat content variations with time-varying XBT and MBT depth bias corrections
    • Ishii M, Kimoto M. 2009. Reevaluation of historical ocean heat content variations with time-varying XBT and MBT depth bias corrections. J. Oceanogr. 65:287-99
    • (2009) J. Oceanogr. , vol.65 , pp. 287-299
    • Ishii, M.1    Kimoto, M.2
  • 76
    • 77954863374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On depth and temperature biases in bathytermograph data: Development of a new correction scheme based on analysis of a global ocean database
    • Gouretski V, Reseghetti F. 2010. On depth and temperature biases in bathytermograph data: development of a new correction scheme based on analysis of a global ocean database. Deep Sea Res. Part I. 57:812-33
    • (2010) Deep Sea Res. Part I , vol.57 , pp. 812-833
    • Gouretski, V.1    Reseghetti, F.2
  • 77
    • 0023292220 scopus 로고
    • Digitization and calibration of the expendable bathytermograph
    • Roemmich D, Cornuelle B. 1987. Digitization and calibration of the expendable bathytermograph. Deep Sea Res. 34:299-307
    • (1987) Deep Sea Res. , vol.34 , pp. 299-307
    • Roemmich, D.1    Cornuelle, B.2
  • 78
    • 72149115882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating oceanic heat content using isotherms
    • Palmer MD, Haines K. 2009. Estimating oceanic heat content using isotherms. J. Clim. 22:4953-69
    • (2009) J. Clim. , vol.22 , pp. 4953-4969
    • Palmer, M.D.1    Haines, K.2
  • 82
    • 77955610017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Future observations for monitoring global ocean heat content
    • Venice Italy Sept. 21-25, 2009
    • Palmer MD, Antonov J, Barker P, Bindoff N, Boyer T, et al. 2010. Future observations for monitoring global ocean heat content. Proc. OceanObs'09, Venice, Italy, Sept. 21-25, 2009.
    • (2010) Proc. OceanObs09
    • Palmer, M.D.1    Antonov, J.2    Barker, P.3    Bindoff, N.4    Boyer, T.5
  • 83
    • 0035853529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of anthropogenic climate change in the world's oceans
    • Barnett TP, Pierce DW, Schnur R. 2001. Detection of anthropogenic climate change in the world's oceans. Science 292:270-74
    • (2001) Science , vol.292 , pp. 270-274
    • Barnett, T.P.1    Pierce, D.W.2    Schnur, R.3
  • 84
    • 76349085006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying signatures of natural climate variability in time series of global-mean temperature: Methodology and insights
    • Thompson DWJ, Wallace JM, Jones PD, Kennedy JJ. 2009. Identifying signatures of natural climate variability in time series of global-mean temperature: methodology and insights. J. Clim. 22:6120-41
    • (2009) J. Clim. , vol.22 , pp. 6120-6141
    • Thompson, D.W.J.1    Wallace, J.M.2    Jones, P.D.3    Kennedy, J.J.4
  • 85
    • 53649102693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of modes of climate variability on global temperature extremes
    • Kenyon J, Hegerl GC. 2008. Influence of modes of climate variability on global temperature extremes. J. Clim. 21:3872-89
    • (2008) J. Clim. , vol.21 , pp. 3872-3889
    • Kenyon, J.1    Hegerl, G.C.2
  • 86
    • 0030437343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying Southern oscillation-precipitation relationships
    • Ropelewski CF, HalpertMS. 1996. Identifying Southern Oscillation- precipitation relationships. J. Clim. 9:1043-59
    • (1996) J. Clim. , vol.9 , pp. 1043-1059
    • Ropelewski, C.F.1    Halpert, M.S.2
  • 87
    • 77954851195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of global warming on the tropical pacific Ocean and El niño
    • CollinsM, An S-I, Cai W, Ganachaud A, Guilyardi E, et al. 2010. The impact of global warming on the tropical Pacific Ocean and El Niño. Nat. Geosci. 3:391-97
    • (2010) Nat. Geosci. , vol.3 , pp. 391-397
    • Collins, M.1    An, S.-I.2    Cai, W.3    Ganachaud, A.4    Guilyardi, E.5
  • 89
    • 60749088841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mid-1970s climate shift in the pacific and the relative roles of forces versus inherent decadal variability
    • Meehl GA, Hu A, Santer BD. 2009. The mid-1970s climate shift in the Pacific and the relative roles of forces versus inherent decadal variability. J. Clim. 22:780-92
    • (2009) J. Clim. , vol.22 , pp. 780-792
    • Meehl, G.A.1    Hu, A.2    Santer, B.D.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.