Three views of emotion regulation and health

Social and Personality Psychology Compass

Volumn 5, Issue 8, 2011, Pages 563-577

  Butler, Emily A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 80054834649     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17519004     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-9004.2011.00372.x     Document Type: Review

References (147)

1. Arnow, B., Kenardy, J., & Agras, W. S. (1995). The emotional eating scale: The development of a measure to assess coping with negative affect by eating. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 18, 79-90.
2. Bargh, J. A., & Chartrand, T. L. (1999). The unbearable automaticity of being. American psychologist, 54, 462-479.
3. Bargh, J. A., & Thein, R. D. (1985). Individual construct availability, person memory, and the recall-judgement link: The case of information overload. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49, 1129-1146.
4. Bargh, J. A., & Williams, L. E. (2007). The nonconscious regulation of emotion. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of Emotion Regulation (pp. 429-445). New York: Guilford Press.
5. Barrett, L. F., Ochsner, K. N., & Gross, J. J. (2007). Automaticity and emotion. In J. Bargh (Ed.), Social Psychology and the Unconscious (pp. 173-218). New York: Psychology Press.
6. Baumeister, R. F., & Alquist, J. L. (2009). Self-regulation as a limited resource: Strength model of control and depletion. In J. P. Forgas, R. F. Baumeister & D. M. Tice (Eds.), Psychology of Self-Regulation: Cognitive, Affective, and Motivational Processess (pp. 21-33). New York: Psychology Press.
7. Baumeister, R. F., Bratslavsky, E., Muraven, M., & Tice, D. M. (1998). Ego depletion: Is the active self a limited resource? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1252-1265.
8. Baumeister, R. F., Zell, A. L., & Tice, D. M. (2007). How emotions facilitate and impair self-regulation. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of Emotion Regulation (pp. 408-426). New York: Guilford Press.
9. Beauchaine, T. (2001). Vagal tone, development, and Gray's motivational theory: Toward an integrated model of autonomic nervous system functioning in psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 13, 183-214.
10. Berking, M., Orth, U., Wupperman, P., Meier, L. L., & Caspar, F. (2008). Prospective effects of emotion-regulation skills on emotional adjustment. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 55, 485-494.
11. Berking, M., Wupperman, P., Reichardt, A., Pejic, T., Dippel, A., & Znoj, H. (2008). Emotion-regulation skills as a treatment target in psychotherapy. Behavior Research and Therapy, 46, 1230-1237.
12. Black, D. R., Gleser, L. J., & Kooyers, K. J. (1990). A meta-analytic evaluation of couples weight-loss programs. Health Psychology, 9, 330-347.
13. Blandon, A. Y., Calkins, S. D., Keane, S. P., & O'Brien, M. (2008). Individual differences in trajectories of emotion regulation processes: The effects of maternal depressive symptomology and children's physiological regulation. Developmental Psychology, 44, 1110-1123.
14. Brosschot, J. F., Gerin, W., & Thayer, J. F. (2006). The perseverative cognition hypothesis: A review of worry, prolonged stress-related physiological activation, and health. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 60, 113-124.
15. Brosschot, J. F., & Thayer, J. F. (1998). Anger inhibition, cardiovascular recovery, and vagal function: A model of the link between hostility and cardiovascular disease. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 20, 326-331.
16. Brosschot, J. F., Van Dijk, E., & Thayer, J. F. (2007). Daily worry is related to low heart rate variability during waking and the subsequent nocturnal sleep period. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 63, 39-47.
17. Brosschot, J. F., Verkuil, B., & Thayer, J. F. (2010). Conscious and unconscious perseverative cognition: Is a large part of prolonged physiological activity due to unconcscious stress? Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 69, 407-416.
18. Brown, T. A., Orsillo, S. M., & Barlow, D. H. (2004). The effects of acceptance versus suppression of emotion on subjective and psychophysiological response to carbon dioxide challenge in patients with panic disorder. Behavior Therapy, 35, 747-766.
19. Bushman, B. J., Baumeister, R. F., & Phillips, C. M. (2001). Do people aggress to improve their mood? Catharsis beliefs, affect regulation opportunity, and aggressive responding. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 17-32.
20. Butler, E. A. (forthcoming). Temporal interpersonal emotion systems: The "TIES" that form relationships. Personality and Social Psychology Review.
21. Butler, E. A., Egloff, B., Wilhelm, F. H., Smith, N. C., Erickson, E. A., & Gross, J. J. (2003). The social consequences of expressive suppression. Emotion, 3, 48-67.
22. Butler, E. A., Lee, T. L., & Gross, J. J. (2007). Emotion regulation and culture: Are the social consequences of emotion suppression culture-specific? Emotion, 7, 30-48.
23. Butler, E. A., Lee, T. L., & Gross, J. J. (2009). Does expressing your emotions raise or lower your blood pressure? The answer depends on cultural context. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 40, 510-517.
24. Butler, E. A., Wilhelm, F. H., & Gross, J. J. (2006). Respiratory sinus arrhythmia, emotion, and emotion regulation during social interaction. Psychophysiology, 43, 612-622.
25. Butler, E. A., Young, V. J., & Randall, A. K. (2010). Suppressing to please, eating to cope: The effect of overweight women's emotion suppression on romantic relationships and eating. Journal of Clinical and Social Psychology, 29, 599-623.
26. Butner, J., Diamond, L. M., & Hicks, A. M. (2007). Attachment style and two forms of affect coregulation between romantic partners. Personal Relationships, 14, 431-455.
27. Cacioppo, J. T., Uchino, B., Crites, S. L., Snydersmith, M. A., Smith, G., & Bernston, G. G. et al. (1992). Relationship between facial expressiveness and sympathetic activation in emotion: A critical review, with emphasis on modeling underlying mechanisms and individual differences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 110-128.
28. Calkins, S. D. (1997). Cardiac vagal tone indices of temperamental reactivity and behvioral regulation in young children. Developmental Psychobiology, 31, 125-135.
29. Campell-Sills, L., Barlow, D. H., Brown, T. A., & Hofmann, S. G. (2006). Acceptability and suppression of negative emotion in anxiety and mood disorders. Emotion, 6, 587-595.
30. Campos, J. J., Frankel, C. B., & Camras, L. (2004). On the nature of emotion regulation. Child Development, 75, 377-394.
31. Campos, J. J., Mumme, D. L., Kermoian, R., & Campos, R. G. (1994). A functionalist perspective on the nature of emotion. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59, 284-303.
32. Carney, R. M., Freedland, K. E., Stein, P. K., Skala, J. A., Hoffman, P., & Jaffe, A. S. (2000). Change in heart rate and heart rate variability during treatment for depression in patients with coronary heart disease. Psychosomatic Medicine, 62, 639-647.
33. Cole, P. M., Martin, S. E., & Dennis, T. A. (2004). Emotion regulation as a scientific construct: Methodological challenges and directions for child development research. Child Development, 75, 317-333.
34. Cooper, M. L., Flanagan, M. E., Talley, A. E., & Micheas, L. (2006). Individual differences in emotion regulation and their relation to risk taking during adolescence. In D. K. Snyder, J. A. Simpson & N. J. Hughes (Eds.), Emotion Regulation in Couples and Families: Pathways to Dysfunction and Health (pp. 183-203). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
35. Davidson, R. J. (2002). Anxiety and affective style: Role of prefrontal cortex and amygdala. Biological Psychiatry, 51, 68-80.
36. Davidson, R. J., Pizzagalli, D., Nitschke, J. B., & Putnam, K. (2002). Depression: Perspectives from affective neuroscience. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 545-574.
37. Demaree, H. A., & Everhart, D. E. (2004). Healthy high-hostiles: Reduced parasympathetic activity and decreased sympathovagal flexibility during emotional processing. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 457-469.
38. Diamond, L. M., & Aspinwall, L. G. (2003). Emotion regulation across the life-span: An integrative perspective emphasizing self-regulation, positive affect, and dyadic processes. Motivation and Emotion, 27, 125-156.
39. Diamond, L. M., & Hicks, A. M. (2005). Attachment style, current relationship security, and negative emotions: The mediating role of physiological regulation. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 22, 499-518.
40. Diamond, L. M., Hicks, A. M., & Otter-Henderson, K. D. (2008). Every time you go away: Changes in affect, behavior, and physiology associated with travel-related separations from romantic partners. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 385-403.
41. Egloff, B., Schmukle, S. C., Burns, L. R., & Schwerdtfeger, A. (2006). Spontaneous emotion regulation during evaluated speaking tasks: Associations with negative affect, anxiety expression, memory, and physiological responding. Emotion, 6, 356-366.
42. Fabes, R. A., & Eisenberg, N. (1997). Regulatory control and adults' stress-related responses to daily life events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 1107-1117.
43. Feldman, R. (2007). Parent-infant synchrony and the construction of shared timing; Physiological precursors, developmental outcomes, and risk conditions. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48, 329-354.
44. Field, T. (1985). Attachment as psychobiological attunement: Being on the same wavelength. In M. Reite & T. Field (Eds.), The Psychobiology of Attachment and Separation (pp. 415-454). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
45. Friedman, B. H. (2007). An autonomic flexibility-neurovisceral integration model of anxiety and cardiac vagal tone. Biological Psychology, 74, 185-199.
46. Friedman, B. H., & Thayer, J. F. (1998a). Anxiety and autonomic flexibility: A cardiovascular approach. Biological Psychology, 47, 243-263.
47. Friedman, B. H., & Thayer, J. F. (1998b). Autonomic balance revisited: Panic anxiety and heart rate variability. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 44, 133-151.
48. Gallo, I. S., Keil, A., McCulloch, K. C., Rockstroh, B., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2009). Strategic automation of emotion regulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96, 11-31.
49. Ganley, R. M. (1989). Emotion and eating in obesity: A review of the literature. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 8, 343-361.
50. Garnefski, N., Kraaij, V., Schroevers, M. J., Aarnink, J., van der Heijden, D. J., & van Es, S. M. et al. (2009). Cognitive coping and goal adjustment after first-time myocardial infarction: Relationships with symptoms of depression. Behavioral Medicine, 35, 79-86.
51. Goldin, P. R., McRae, K., Ramel, W., & Gross, J. J. (2008). The neural bases of emotion regulation: Reappraisal and suppression of negative emotion. Biological Psychiatry, 63, 577-586.
52. Grewal, D., Brackett, M., & Salovey, P. (2006). Emotional intelligence and the self-regulation of affect. In D. K. Snyder, J. A. Simpson & N. J. Hughes (Eds.), Emotion Regulation in Couples and Families: Pathways to Dysfunction and Health (pp. 37-55). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
53. Gross, J. J. (1998a). Antecedent- and response-focused emotion regulation: Divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 224-237.
54. Gross, J. J. (1998b). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2, 271-299.
55. Gross, J. J. (1999). Emotion and emotion regulation. In L. A. Pervin & O. P. John (Eds.), Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research (2nd edn, pp. 525-552). New York: Guilford.
56. Gross, J. J. (2001). Emotion regulation in adulthood: Timing is everything. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10, 214-219.
57. Gross, J. J. (2002). Emotion regulation: Affective, cognitive, and social consequences. Psychophysiology, 39, 281-291.
58. Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 348-362.
59. Gross, J. J., & Munoz, R. F. (1995). Emotion regulation and mental health. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 2, 151-164.
60. Gross, J. J., Richards, J. M., & John, O. P. (2006). Emotion regulation in everyday life. In D. K. Snyder, J. A. Simpson & N. J. Hughes (Eds.), Emotion Regulation in Couples and Families: Pathways to Dysfunction and Health (pp. 13-35). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
61. Gross, J. J., & Thompson, R. A. (2007). Emotion regulation: Conceptual foundations. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of Emotion Regulation (pp. 3-24). New York: Guilford Press.
62. Gujar, N., Yoo, S. S., & Walker, M. P. (2011). Sleep deprivation amplifies reactivity of brain reward networks, biasing the appraisal of positive emotional experiences. The Journal of Neuroscience, 31, 4466-4474.
63. Gyurak, A., & Ayduk, O. (2008). Resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia buffers against rejection sensitivity via emotion control. Emotion, 8, 458-467.
64. Hansen, A. L., Johnsen, B. H., & Thayer, J. F. (2003). Vagal influence on working memory and attention. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 48, 263-274.
65. Heatherton, T. F., & Baumeister, R. F. (1991). Binge eating as escape from self-awareness. Psychological Bulletin, 110, 86-108.
66. Hoeksma, J. B., Oosterlaan, J., & Schipper, E. M. (2004). Emotion regulation and dynamics of feelings: A conceptual and methodological framework. Child Development, 75, 354-360.
67. Hoeksma, J. B., Oosterlaan, J., Schipper, E. M., & Koot, H. (2007). Finding the attractor of anger: Bridging the gap between dynamic concepts and empirical data. Emotion, 7, 638-648.
68. Hofer, M. A. (1984). Relationships as regulators: A psychobiologic perspective on bereavement. Psychosomatic Medicine, 46, 183-197.
69. Hofer, M. A. (1994). Hidden regulators in attachment, separation, and loss. In The Development of Emotion Regulation: Biological and Behavioral Considerations. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59, 192-207.
70. Hong, T. B., Franks, M. M., Gonzalez, R., Keteyian, S. J., Frankline, B. A., & Artinian, N. T. (2005). A dyadic investigation of exercise support between cardiac patients and their spouses. Health Psychology, 24, 430-434.
71. Horne, O., & Csipke, E. (2009). From feeling to little and too much, to feeling more and less? A nonparadoxical theory of the functions of self-harm. Qualitative Health Research, 19, 655-667.
72. Ingjaldsson, J. T., Laberg, J. C., & Thayer, J. F. (2003). Reduced heart rate variability in chronic alcohol abuse: Relationship with negative mood, chronic thought suppression, and compulsive drinking. Biological Psychiatry, 54, 1427-1436.
73. John, O. P., & Gross, J. J. (2004). Healthy and unhealthy emotion regulation: Personality processes, individual differences, and life span development. Journal of Personality, 72, 1301-1333.
74. Kashdan, T. B., Barrios, V., Forsyth, J. P., & Steger, M. F. (2006). Experiential avoidance as a generalized psychological vulnerability: Comparisons with coping and emotion regulation strategies. Behavior Research and Therapy, 44, 1301-1320.
75. Kashdan, T. B., & Steger, M. F. (2006). Expanding the topography of social anxiety. Psychological Science, 17, 120-128.
76. Keltner, D., & Haidt, J. (2001). Social functions of emotions at four levels of analysis. In W. G. Parrott (Ed.), Emotions in Social Psychology: Essential Readings (pp. 175-184). New York: Psychology Press.
77. Keltner, D., & Kring, A. (1998). Emotion, social function, and psychopathology. Review of General Psychology, 2, 320-342.
78. Kettunen, J., Ravaja, N., Naatanen, P., & Keltikangas-Jarvinen, L. (2000). The relationship of respiratory sinus arrhythmia to the co-activation of autonomic and facial responses during the Rorschach test. Psychophysiology, 37, 242-250.
79. Kim, H. S., Sherman, D. K., Ko, D., & Taylor, S. E. (2006). Pursuit of comfort and pursuit of harmony: Cutlure, relationships, and social support seeking. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 1595-1607.
80. Kim, H. S., Sherman, D. K., Sasaki, J. Y., Xu, J., Chu, T. Q., & Ryu, C. et al. (2010). Culture, distress, and oxytocin receptor polymorphism (OXTR) interact to influence emotional support seeking. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107, 15717-15721.
81. Kim, H. S., Sherman, D. K., & Taylor, S. E. (2008). Culture and social support. American Psychologist, 63, 518-526.
82. Kok, B. E., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2010). Upward spirals of the heart: Autonomic flexibility, as indexed by vagal tone, reciprocally and prospectively predicts positive emotions and social connectedness. Biological Psychology, 85, 432-436.
83. Kraemer, G. W. (1992). A psychobiological theory of attachment. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 15, 493-541.
84. Levenson, R. W., & Gottman, J. M. (1985). Physiological and affective predictors of change in relationship satisfaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49, 85-94.
85. Lewis, M. D. (2005). Bridging emotion theory and neurobiology through dynamic systems modeling. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 28, 169-245.
86. Lynch, T. R., Trost, W. T., Salsman, N., & Linehan, M. M. (2007). Dialectical behavior therapy for borderline personality disorder. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 3, 181-205.
87. Macht, M. (2008). How emotions affect eating: A five-way model. Appetite, 50, 1-11.
88. Macht, M., & Mueller, J. (2007). Increased negative emotional responses in PROP supertasters. Physiology and Behavior, 90, 466-472.
89. Macht, M., & Simons, G. (2000). Emotions and eating in everyday life. Appetite, 35, 65-71.
90. Mathews, A. (1990). Why worry? The cognitive function of anxiety. Behavior Research and Therapy, 28, 455-468.
91. Mauss, I. B., Bunge, S. A., & Gross, J. J. (2007). Automatic emotion regulation. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 1, 146-167.
92. Mauss, I. B., & Butler, E. A. (2010). Cultural background moderates the relationshpo between emotion control values and cardiovascular challenge versus threat responses to an anger provocation. Biological Psychology, 84, 521-530.
93. Mauss, I. B., Butler, E. A., Roberts, N. A., & Chu, A. (2010). Cultural background, emotion control values, and emotional responding. Cognition and Emotion, 24, 1026-1043.
94. Mauss, I. B., Cook, C. L., Cheng, J. Y. J., & Gross, J. J. (2007). Individual differences in cognitive reappraisal: Experiential and physiological responses to an anger provocation. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 66, 116-124.
95. Mauss, I. B., Cook, C. L., & Gross, J. J. (2007). Automatic emotion regulation during anger provocation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43, 698-711.
96. Mayer, J. D., & Stevens, A. A. (1994). An emerging understanding of the reflective (meta-) experience of mood. Journal of Research in Personality, 28, 351-373.
97. Mennin, D. S. (2006). Emotion regulation therapy: An integrative approach to treatment-resistant anxiety disorders. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 36, 95-105.
98. Moore, S. A., Zoellner, L. A., & Mollenholt, N. (2008). Are expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal associated with stress-related symptoms? Behavior Research and Therapy, 46, 993-1000.
99. Moses, E. B., & Barlow, D. H. (2006). A new unified treatment approach for emotional disorders based on emotion science. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15, 146-150.
100. Muraven, M., Tice, D. M., & Baumeister, R. F. (1998). Self-control as limited resource: Regulatory depletion patterns. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 774-789.
101. Niven, K., Totterdell, P., & Holman, D. (2009). A classification of controlled interpersonal affect regulation strategies. Emotion, 9, 498-509.
102. Ochsner, K. N., & Gross, J. J. (2007). The neural architecture of emotion regulation. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of Emotion Regulation (pp. 87-109). New York: Guilford Press.
103. Parke, R. D., McDowell, D. J., Cladis, M., & Leidy, M. S. (2006). Family and peer relationships: The role of emotion regulatory processes. In D. K. Snyder, J. A. Simpson & N. J. Hughes (Eds.), Emotion Regulation in Couples and Families: Pathways to Dysfunction and Health (pp. 143-162). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
104. Parkinson, B., & Totterdell, P. (1999). Classifying affect-regulation strategies. Cognition and Emotion, 13, 277-303.
105. Porges, S. W. (1995). Orienting in a defensive world: Mammalian modifications of our evolutionary heritage. A polyvagal theory. Psychophysiology, 32, 301-318.
106. Porges, S. W. (2007). The polyvagal perspective. Biological Psychology, 74, 116-143.
107. Raver, C. C. (2004). Placing emotional self-regulation in sociocultural and socioeconomic contexts. Child Development, 75, 346-353.
108. Rechlin, T., Weis, M., Spitzer, A., & Kaschka, W. P. (1994). Are affective disorders associated wtih alterations of heart rate variability? Journal of Affective Disorders, 32, 271-275.
109. Richards, J. M., Butler, E. A., & Gross, J. J. (2003). Emotion regulation in romantic relationships: The cognitive consequences of concealing feelings. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 20, 599-620.
110. Rohrbaugh, M. J., & Shoham, V. (forthcoming). Family consultation for couples coping with health problems: A social cybernetic approach. In H. S. Friedman (Ed.), Handbook of Health Psychology. New York: Oxford University Press.
111. Rohrbaugh, M. J., Shoham, V., Butler, E. A., Hasler, B. P., & Berman, J. S. (2009). Affective synchrony in dual- and single-smoker couples: Further evidence of "Symptom-system fit"? Family Process, 48, 55-67.
112. Rottenberg, J., & Gross, J. J. (2003). When emotion goes wrong: Realizing the promise of affective science. Clinical Psychology Science and Practice, 10, 227-232.
113. Ruiz, J. M., Uchino, B. N., & Smith, T. W. (2006). Hostility and sex differences in the magnitude, duration, and determinants of heart rate response to forehead cold pressor: Parasympathetic aspects of risk. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 60, 274-283.
114. Ruiz-Padial, E., Sollers, J. J., Vila, J., & Thayer, J. F. (2003). The rhythm of the heart in the blink of an eye: Emotion-modulated startle magnitude covaries with heart rate variability. Psychophysiology, 40, 306-313.
115. Saus, E. R., Johnsen, B. H., Eid, J., Riisem, P. K., Andersen, R., & Thayer, J. F. (2006). The effect of brief situational awareness training in a police shooting simulator: An experimental study. Military Psychology, 18(Suppl.), 3-21.
116. Saxbe, D., & Repetti, R. L. (2010). For better or worse? Coregulation of couples' cortisol levels and mood states. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98, 92-103.
117. Sbarra, D. A., Butler, E. A., & Randall, A. K. (2009). Within-person variability in RSA is associated with between-person differences in emotional functioning: Evidence from the study of marital separations. Psychophysiology, 46, S6.
118. Sbarra, D. A., & Hazan, C. (2008). Co-regulation, dysregulation, self-regulation: An integrative analysis and empirical agenda for understanding adult attachment, separation, loss, and recovery. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 12, 141-167.
119. Scherer, K. R. (1987). Toward a dynamic thoery of emotion: The component model of affective states. Geneva Studies in Emotion and Communication, 1, 1-96.
120. Scherer, K. R. (2000). Emotions as episodes of subsystem synchronization driven by non linear appraisal processes. In M. D. Lewis & I. Granic (Eds.), Emotion, Development and Self-Organization: Dynamic Systems Approaches to Emotional Development (pp. 70-99). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
121. Segerstrom, S. C., & Nes, L. S. (2007). Heart rate variability reflects self-regulatory strength, effort, and fatigue. Psychological Science, 18, 275-281.
122. Sher, K. J., & Grekin, E. R. (2007). Alcohol and affect regulation. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of Emotion Regulation (pp. 560-580). New York: Guilford Press.
123. Shoham, V., Butler, E. A., Rohrbaugh, M. J., & Trost, S. (2007). Symptom-system fit in couples: Emotion regulation when one or both partners smoke. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 116, 848-853.
124. Sim, L., & Zeman, J. (2005). Emotion regulation factors as mediators between body dissatisfaction and bulimic symptoms in early adolescent girls. Journal of Early Adolescence, 25, 478-496.
125. Sloan, R. P., Shapiro, P. A., Bigger, J. T., Bagiella, E., Steinman, R. C., & Gorman, J. M. (1994). Cardiac autonomic control and hostility in healthy subjects. American Journal of Cardiology, 74, 298-300.
126. Smith, T. W., Cribbet, M. R., Nealey-Moore, J. B., Uchino, B. N., Williams, L. E., & Thayer, J. F. (2011). Matters of the variable heart: Respiratory sinus arrhythmia response to marital interaction and associations with marital quality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100, 103-119.
127. Stone, A. A., Kennedy-Moore, E., & Neale, J. M. (1995). Association between daily coping and end-of-day mood. Health Psychology, 14, 341-349.
128. Thayer, J. F., & Brosschot, J. F. (2005). Psychosomatics and psychopathology: Looking up and down from the brain. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 30, 1050-1058.
129. Thayer, J. F., Friedman, B. H., & Borkovec, T. D. (1996). Autonomic characteristics of generalized anxiety disorder and worry. Biological Psychiatry, 39, 255-266.
130. Thayer, J. F., Hansen, A. L., Saus-Rose, E., & Johnsen, B. H. (2009). Heart rate variability, prefrontal neural function and cognitive performance: The Neurovisceral Integration perspective on self-regulation, adaption, and health. Annals of Behavioral Medicince, 37, 141-153.
131. Thayer, J. F., & Lane, R. D. (2000). A model of neurovisceral integration in emotion regulation and dysregulation. Journal of Affective Disorders, 61, 201-216.
132. Thayer, J. F., & Lane, R. D. (2007). The role of vagal function in the risk for cardiovascular disease and mortality. Biological Psychology, 74, 224-242.
133. Thayer, J. F., & Lane, R. D. (2009). Claude Bernard and the heart-brain connection: Further elaboration of the model of neurovisceral integration. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 33, 81-88.
134. Thayer, J. F., & Sternberg, E. (2006). Beyond heart rat variability: Vagal regulation of allostatic systems. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 1088, 361-372.
135. Thayer, R. E. (1987). Energy, tiredness, and tension effects of a sugar snack versus moderate exercise. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 119-125.
136. Thayer, R. E., Newman, J. R., & McClain, T. M. (1994). Self-regulation of mood: Strategies for changing a bad mood, raising energy, and reducing tension. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 910-925.
137. Tice, D. M., Bratslavsky, E., & Baumeister, R. F. (2001). Emotional distress regulation takes precedence over impulse control: If you feel bad, do it!. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 53-67.
138. Tronick, E. Z. (1989). Emotions and emotional communication in infants. American Psychologist, 44, 112-119.
139. Verkuil, B., Brosschot, J. F., Gebhardt, W. A., & Thayer, J. F. (2011). Perseverative cognition, psychopathology, and somatic health. In I. Nyklicek, A. Vingerhoets, M. Zeelenberg & J. Denollet (Eds.), Emotion Regulation and Well-Being (pp. 85-100). New York: Springer.
140. Vormbrock, J. K. (1993). Attachment theory as applied to war-time and job-related marital separation. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 122-144.
141. Walker, M. P., & van der Helm, E. (2009). Overnight therapy? The role of sleep in emotional brain processing. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 731-748.
142. Watkins, E. R. (2008). Constructive and unconstructive repetitive thought. Psychological Bulletin, 134, 163-206.
143. Watkins, L. L., Grossman, P., Krishnan, R., & Sherwood, A. (1998). Anxiety and vagal control of the heart. Psychosomatic Medicine, 60, 498-502.
144. Williams, L. E., Bargh, J. A., Nocera, C. C., & Gray, J. R. (2009). The unconscious regulation of emotion: Nonconscious reappraisal goals modulate emotional reactivity. Emotion, 9, 847-854.
145. Williams, P. G., & Thayer, J. F. (2009). Executive functioning and health: Introduction to the special series. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 37, 101-105.
146. Witherington, D. C., & Crichton, J. A. (2007). Frameworks for understanding emotions and their development: Functionalist and dynamic systems approaches. Emotion, 7, 628-637.
147. Yoo, S. S., Hu, P. T., Gujar, N., Jolesz, F. A., & Walker, M. P. (2007). The human emotional brain without sleep: A prefrontal amygdala disconnect. Current Biology, 17, 877-878.