Emotion control values and responding to an anger provocation in Asian-American and European-American individuals

Cognition and Emotion

Volumn 24, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 1026-1043

  Mauss, Iris B ^a   Butler, Emily A ^b   Roberts, Nicole A ^c   Chu, Ann ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF DENVER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

^c ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY WEST   (United States)

Author keywords

Anger experience; Anger expression; Asian American and European American cultural background; Autonomic physiology; Cultural values; Emotional responding; Mediation

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANGER; ARTICLE; ASIAN AMERICAN; CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY; EMOTIONALITY; ETHNIC DIFFERENCE; EUROPEAN AMERICAN; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOLOGIC ASSESSMENT; QUESTIONNAIRE;

EID: 77956149351     PISSN: 02699931     EISSN: 14640600     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02699930903122273     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. Bargh, J. A., & Chartrand, T. L. (2000). The mind in the middle: A practical guide to priming and automaticity research. In H. T. Reis & C. M. Judd (Eds.), Handbook of research methods in social and personality psychology (pp. 253-285). New York: Cambridge University Press.
2. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
3. Bellah, R. N., Madeson, R., Sullivan, W. M., Swidler, A., & Tipton, S. M. (1985). Habits of the heart: Individualism and commitment in American life. New York: Harper & Row.
4. Bodekker, I., & Stemmler, G. (2000). Who responds how and when to anger? The assessment of actual anger response styles and their relation to personality. Cognition and Emotion, 14, 737-762.
5. Bond, M. H. (1993). Emotions and their expression in Chinese culture. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 17, 245-262.
6. Butler, E. A., Lee, T. L., & Gross, J. J. (2007). Emotion regulation and culture: Are the social consequences of emotion suppression culture-specific? Emotion, 7, 30-48.
7. Cacioppo, J. T., Berntson, G. G., Larsen, J. T., Poehlmann, K. M., & Ito, T. A. (2000). The psychophysiology of emotion. In M. Lewis & J. M. Haviland-Jones (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (2nd ed., pp. 173-191). New York: Guilford Press.
8. Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Weintraub, J. K. (1989). Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 267-283.
9. Chentsova-Dutton, Y. E., & Tsai, J. L. (2007). Gender differences in emotional response among European Americans and Hmong Americans. Cognition and Emotion, 21, 162-181.
10. Cohen, D., Nisbett, R. E., & Bowdle, B. F. (1996). Insult, aggression, and the southern culture of honor: An "experimental ethnography". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 945-960.
11. Crowne, D. P., & Marlowe, D. (1960). A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 24, 349-354.
12. Darwin, C. (1998). The expression of the emotions in man and animals (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. Originally published 1872).
13. Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Smith, H., & Shao, L. (1995). National differences in reported subjective well-being: Why do they occur? Social Indicators Research, 34,7-32.
14. Drummond, P. D., & Quah, S. H. (2001). The effect of expressing anger on cardiovascular reactivity and facial blood flow in Chinese and Caucasians. Psychophysiology, 38, 190-196.
15. Eid, M., & Diener, E. (2001). Norms for experiencing emotions in different cultures: Inter- and intranational differences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 869-885.
16. Ekman, P. (1972). Universal and cultural differences in facial expression of emotion. In J. K. Cole (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation (Vol. 19, pp. 207-283). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
17. Ekman, P. (1992). Are there basic emotions? Psychological Review, 99, 550-553.
18. Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1969). The repertoire of nonverbal behavior: Categories, origins, usage, and coding. Semiotica, 1, 49-98.
19. Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1978). Facial action coding system. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologist Press.
20. Evers, C., Fischer, A. H., Rodriguez Mosquera, P. M., & Manstead, A. S. R. (2005). Anger and social appraisal: A "spicy" sex difference? Emotion, 5, 258-266.
21. Feldman Barrett, L. (1997). The relationship among momentary emotion experiences, personality descriptions, and retrospective ratings of emotion. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 1100-1110.
22. Feldman Barrett, L. (2006). Are emotions natural kinds? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1, 28-58.
23. Fischer, A. H., Rodriguez Mosquera, P. M., van Vianen, A. E. M., & Manstead, A. S. R. (2004). Gender and culture differences in emotion. Emotion, 4,87-94.
24. Frijda, N. H. (1986). The emotions. New York: Cambridge University Press.
25. Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 348-362.
26. Gross, J. J., & Levenson, R. W. (1995). Emotion elicitation using films. Cognition and Emotion, 9, 87-108.
27. Herrald, M. M., & Tomaka, J. (2002). Patterns of emotion-specific appraisal, coping, and cardiovascular reactivity during an ongoing emotional episode. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 434-450.
28. Hochschild, A. R. (1979). Emotion work, feeling rules, and social structure. American Journal of Sociology, 84, 551-575.
29. Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
30. Izard, C. E. (1971). The face of emotion. New York: Meredith Corporation.
31. Kim, H. S., & Markus, H. R. (2002). Freedom of speech and freedom of silence: An analysis of talking as a cultural practice. In R. A. Shweder, M. Minow, & H. Rose (Eds.), Engaging cultural differences: The multicultural challenge in liberal democracies (pp. 432-452). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
32. Kim, H. S., & Sherman, D. K. (2007). "Express yourself": Culture and the effect of self-expression on choice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 1-11.
33. Kim, H. S., Sherman, D. K., Ko, D., & Taylor, S. E. (2006). Pursuit of comfort and pursuit of harmony: Culture, relationships, and social support seeking. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 1595-1607.
34. Kitayama, S. (2002). Culture and basic psychological processes-Toward a system view of culture: Comment on Oyserman et al. (2002). Psychological Bulletin, 128, 89-96.
35. Kitayama, S., Markus, H. R., & Kurokawa, M. (2000). Culture, emotion, and well-being: Good feelings in Japan and the United States. Cognition and Emotion, 14,93-124.
36. Kitayama, S., Markus, H. R., Matsumoto, H., & Norasakkunkit, V. (1997). Individual and collective processes in the construction of the self: Self-enhancement in the United States and self-criticism in Japan. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72,1245-1267.
37. Kitayama, S., Mesquita, B., & Karasawa, M. (2006). Cultural affordances and emotional experience: Socially engaging and disengaging emotions in Japan and the United States. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 890-903.
38. Kitayama, S., & Park, H. (2007). Cultural shaping of self, emotion, and well-being: How does it work? Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 1, 202-222.
39. Klineberg, O. (1938). Emotional expression in Chinese literature. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 33,517-520.
40. Kroeber, A. L., & Kluckholm, C. K. (1952). Culture: A critical review of concepts and definitions. New York: Random House.
41. Lazarus, R. S., Opton, E., Tomita, M., & Kodama, M. (1966). A cross-cultural study of stress-reaction patterns in Japan. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 4, 622-633.
42. Le, H. N., Berenbaum, H., & Raghavan, C. (2002). Culture and alexithymia: Mean levels, correlates and the role of parental socialization of emotions. Emotion, 2, 341-360.
43. Levenson, R. W., Soto, J. A., & Pole, N. (2007). Emotion, biology, and culture. In S. Kitayama & D. Cohen (Eds.), Handbook of cultural psychology (pp. 780-796). New York: Guilford Press.
44. Manstead, A. S. R., Fischer, A. H., & Jakobs, E. B. (1999). The social and emotional functions of facial displays. In P. Philippot, R. S. Feldman, & E. J. Coats (Eds.), The social context of nonverbal behavior (pp. 287-313). New York: Cambridge University Press.
45. Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224-253.
46. Marshall, J. R. (1972). The expression of feelings. Archives of General Psychiatry, 27, 786-790.
47. Matsumoto, D. (1990). Cultural similarities and differences in display rules. Motivation and Emotion, 14, 195-214.
48. Matsumoto, D. (1993). Ethnic differences in affect intensity, emotion judgments, display rule attitudes, and self-reported emotional expression in an American sample. Motivation and Emotion, 17, 107-123.
49. Matsumoto, D., Takeuchi, S., Andayani, S., Kouznetsova, N., & Krupp, D. (1998). The contribution of individualism vs. collectivism to cross-national differences in display rules. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 1, 147-165.
50. Matsumoto, D., Yoo, S. H., Fontaine, J., Anguas-Wong, A. M., Arriola, M., Ataca, B., et al. (2008). Mapping expressive differences around the world: The relationship between emotional display rules and individualism versus collectivism. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 39, 55-74.
51. Mauss, I. B., Cook, C. L., Cheng, J. Y. J., & Gross, J. J. (2007). Individual differences in cognitive reappraisal: Experiential and physiological responses to an anger provocation. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 66, 116-124.
52. Mauss, I. B., Cook, C. L., & Gross, J. J. (2007). Automatic emotion regulation during an anger provocation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43, 698-711.
53. Mauss, I. B., Evers, C., Wilhelm, F. H., & Gross, J. J. (2006). How to bite your tongue without blowing your top: Implicit evaluation of emotion regulation predicts affective responding to anger provocation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 589-602.
54. Mauss, I. B., & Robinson, M. D. (2009). Measures of emotion: A review. Cognition and Emotion, 23, 209-237.
55. Mesquita, B. (2003). Emotions as dynamic cultural phenomena. In R. J. Davidson, H. Goldsmith, & P. Rozin (Eds.), Handbook of the affective sciences (pp. 871-890). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
56. Mesquita, B., & Karasawa, M. (2002). Different emotional lives. Cognition and Emotion, 16, 127-141.
57. Miller, D. (1977). Handbook of research design and social measurement. New York: Davis McKay Co., Inc.
58. Oishi, S. (2002). The experiencing and remembering of well-being: A cross-cultural analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 1398-1406.
59. Oyserman, D., Coon, H. M., & Kemmelmeier, M. (2002). Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 3-72.
60. Potter, S. H. (1988). The cultural construction of emotion in rural Chinese social life. Ethos, 16, 181-208.
61. Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments and Computers, 36, 717-731.
62. Ramirez, J. M., Andreu, J. M., & Fujihara, T. (2001). Cultural and sex differences in aggression: A comparison between Japanese and Spanish students using two different inventories. Aggressive Behavior, 27,313-322.
63. Roberts, N. A., & Levenson, R. W. (2006). Subjective, behavioral, and physiological reactivity to ethnically matched and ethnically mismatched film clips. Emotion, 6, 635-646.
64. Roberts, N. A., Levenson, R. W., & Gross, J. J. (2008). Cardiovascular costs of emotion suppression cross ethnic lines. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 70,82-87.
65. Russell, J. A. (1994). Is there universal recognition of emotion from facial expression? A review of the cross-cultural studies. Psychological Bulletin, 115, 102-141.
66. Russell, J. A., & Yik, M. S. M. (1996). Emotion among the Chinese. In M. H. Bond (Ed.), The handbook of Chinese psychology (pp. 166-188). New York: Oxford University Press.
67. Scherer, K. R. (2004). Feelings integrate the central representation of appraisal-driven response organization in emotion. In A. S. R. Manstead, N. Frijda, & A. Fischer (Eds.), Feelings and emotions: The Amsterdam symposium (pp. 136-157). New York: Cambridge University Press.
68. Scollon, C. N., Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2004). Emotions across cultures and methods. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35, 304-326.
69. Shweder, R. A., & Haidt, J. (2000). The cultural psychology of the emotions: Ancient and new. In M. Lewis & J. M. Haviland-Jones (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (2nd ed., pp. 397-414). New York: Guilford Press.
70. Snibbe, A. C., & Markus, H. R. (2005). You can't always get what you want: Educational attainment, agency, and choice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 703-720.
71. Sommers, S. (1984). Adults evaluating their emotions: A cross-cultural perspective. In C. Z. Malatesta & C. E. Izard (Eds.), Emotion in adult development (pp. 319-338). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
72. Stemmler, G. (1997). Selective activation of traits: Boundary conditions for the activation of anger. Personality and Individual Differences, 22, 213-233.
73. Suchday, S., & Larkin, K. T. (2004). Psychophysiological responses to anger provocation among Asian Indian and White Men. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 11, 71-80.
74. Tavris, C. (1984). On the wisdom of counting to ten. Review of Personality and Social Psychology, 5, 170-191.
75. Tiedens, L. Z., Ellsworth, P. C., & Mesquita, B. (2000). Stereotypes about sentiments and status: Emotional expectations for high- and low-status group members. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 560-574.
76. Timmers, M., Fischer, A. H., & Manstead, A. S. R. (1998). Gender differences in motives for regulating emotions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24,974-985.
77. Timmers, M., Fischer, A. H., & Manstead, A. S. R. (2003). Ability versus vulnerability: Beliefs about men's and women's emotional behaviour. Cognition and Emotion, 17, 41-63.
78. Triandis, H. C. (1990). Cross-cultural studies of individualism and collectivism. In J. Berman (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation, 1989 (pp. 41-133). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
79. Triandis, H. C. (1994). Cultural syndromes and emotion. In S. Kitayama & H. R. Markus (Eds.), Emotion and culture (pp. 285-306). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
80. Tsai, J. L., Chentsova-Dutton, Y., Freire-Bebeau, L., & Przymus, D. E. (2002). Emotional expression and physiology in European Americans and Hmong Americans. Emotion, 2, 380-397.
81. Tsai, J. L., Knutson, B., & Fung, H. H. (2006a). Cultural variation in affect valuation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 288-307.
82. Tsai, J. L., & Levenson, R. W. (1997). Cultural influences on emotional responding. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 28, 600-625.
83. Tsai, J. L., Levenson, R. W., & Carstensen, L. L. (2000a). Autonomic, subjective, and expressive responses to emotional films in older and younger Chinese Americans and European Americans. Psychology and Aging, 15, 684-693.
84. Tsai, J. L., Levenson, R. W., & McCoy, K. (2006b). Cultural and temperamental variation in emotional response. Emotion, 6, 484-497.
85. Tsai, J. L., Ying, Y., & Lee, P. A. (2000b). The meaning of "being Chinese" and "being American": Variation among Chinese American young adults. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 31, 302-322.
86. van Hemert, D. A., Poortinga, Y. H., & van de Vijver, F. J. R. (2007). Emotion and culture: A meta-analysis. Cognition and Emotion, 21, 913-943.
87. Wilhelm, F. H., Grossman, P., & Roth, W. T. (1999). Analysis of cardiovascular regulation. Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation, 35, 135-140.
88. Wu, D. Y. H., & Tseng, W. (1985). Introduction: The characteristics of Chinese culture. In W. Tseng & D. Y. H. Wu (Eds.), Chinese culture and mental health (pp. 3-13). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.