Go abroad or have strangers visit? On organizational search spaces and local linkages

Journal of Economic Geography

Volumn 12, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 273-295

  Ebersberger, Bernd ^a   Herstad, Sverre J ^b  

^a MANAGEMENT CENTER INNSBRUCK   (Austria)

^b Research and Education   (Norway)

Author keywords

Gatekeeper; Innovation systems; Multinational enterprises; R D collaboration

Indexed keywords

GLOBALIZATION; INNOVATION; MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISE; RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT;

PYRONIA TITHONUS;

EID: 80054075327     PISSN: 14682702     EISSN: 14682710     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jeg/lbq057     Document Type: Article

References (125)

1. Adams, J. D. (2002) Comparative localization of academic and industrial spillovers. Journal of Economic Geography, 2: 253-278.
2. Agrawal, A., Cockburn, I., McHale, J. (2006) Gone but not forgotten: knowledge flows, labor mobility, and enduring social relationships. Journal of Economic Geography, 6: 571-591.
3. Almeida, P., Kogut, B. (1999) Localization of knowledge and the mobility of engineers in regional networks. Management Science, 45: 905-917.
4. Asheim, B. T., Ebersberger, B., Herstad, S. (2011) MNCs between the global and the local: Knowledge bases, proximity and globally distributed knowledge networks. In M. Heidenreich (ed.) Innovation and Institutional Embeddedness of Multinational Companies, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, (in print).
5. Asheim, B. T., Gertler, M. S. (2005) The geography of innovation: Regional innovation systems. In J. Fagerberg, D. C. Mowery, R. R. Nelson (eds) The Oxford Handbook of Innovation, pp. 291-317. New York: Oxford University Press.
6. Asheim, B. T., Herstad, S. J. (2005) Regional innovation systems, varieties of capitalisms and non-local relations: challenges from the globalising economy. In R. A. Boschma, R. C. Kloosterman (eds) Learning from Clusters: A critical Asessment for an Economic-Geographical Perspective. Dordrecth: Springer.
7. Aslesen, H. W., Isaksen, A. (2007a) Knowledge intensive business services and urban industrial development. Service Industries Journal, 27: 321-338.
8. Aslesen, H. W., Isaksen, A. (2007b) New perspectives on knowledge-intensive services and innovation. Geografiska Annaler Series B-Human Geography, 89B: 45-58.
9. Baldwin, J. R., Gu, W. L. (2004) Trade liberalization: Export-market participation, productivity growth, and innovation. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 20: 372-392.
10. Bartlett, C., Ghoshal, S. (1998) Managing Across Borders: The Transnational Solution. London: Random House.
11. Bathelt, H., Malmberg, A., Maskell, P. (2004) Clusters and knowledge: local buzz, global pipelines and the process of knowledge creation. Progress in Human Geography, 28: 31-56.
12. Beaudry, C., Schiffauerova, A. (2009) Who's right, Marshall or Jacobs? The localization versus urbanization debate. Research Policy, 38: 318-337.
13. Belderbos, R., Carree, M., Loshkin, B. (2004) Cooperative R&D and firm performance. Research Policy, 33: 1477-1492.
14. Benito, G. R. G., Larimo, J., Narula, R., Pedersen, T. (2002) Multinational enterprises from small economies: Internationalization patterns of large companies from Denmark, Finland and Norway. International Studies of Management and Organization, 32: 57-78.
15. Björkman, I., Barner-Rasmussen, W., Li, L. (2004) Managing knowledge transfer in MNCs: The impact of headquarter control mechanisms. Journal of International Business Studies, 35: 443-455.
16. Blanc, H., Sierra, C. (1999) The internationalisation of R&D by multinationals: a trade-off between external and internal proximity. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 23: 187-206.
17. Boschma, R. (2005) Proximity and innovation: a critical assessment. Regional Studies, 39: 61-74.
18. Boschma, R., Eriksson, R., Lindgren, U. (2009) How does labour mobility affect the performance of plants? The importance of relatedness and geographical proximity. Journal of Economic Geography, 9: 169-190.
19. Boschma, R., Iammarino, S. (2009) Related variety, trade linkages, and regional growth in Italy. Economic Geography, 85: 289-311.
20. Brown, J. S., Duguid, P. (2000) Balancing act: how to capture knowledge without killing it. Harvard Business Review, 78: 73-80.
21. Cantwell, J., Mudambi, R. (2005) MNE competence-creating subsidiary mandates. Strategic Management Journal, 26: 1109-1128.
22. Cassiman, B., Veuglers, R. (2002) Cooperation and spillovers: some empirical evidence from Belgium. American Economic Review, 9: 1169-1184.
23. Cassiman, B., Veugelers, R. (2006) In search of complementarity in innovation strategy: internal R&D and external knowledge aquisition. Management Science, 52: 68-82.
24. Cefis, E., Marsili, O. (2006) Survivor: the role of innovation in firms' survival. Research Policy, 35: 626-641.
25. Clarysse, B., Wright, M., Mustar, P. (2009) Behavioural additionality of R&D subsidies: a learning perspective. Research Policy, 38: 1517-1533.
26. Coe, N. M., Wrigley, N. (2007) Host economy impacts of transnational retail: the research agenda. Journal of Economic Geography, 2007: 341-371.
27. Cotic-Svetina, A., Jaklic, M., Prodan, I. (2008) Does collective learning in clusters contribute to innovation? Science and Public Policy, 35: 335-345.
28. Currah, A., Wrigley, N. (2004) Networks of organizational learning and adaption in retail TNCs. Global Networks, 4: 1-23.
29. Czarnitzki, D., Ebersberger, B., Fier, A. (2007) The relationship between R&D collaboration, subsidies and R&D performance: empirical evidence from Finland and Germany. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22: 1347-1366.
30. D'Aspremont, C., Jacquemin, A. (1988) Cooperative and Nocooperative R&D in Duopoly with Spillovers. American Economic Review, 78: 1133-1137.
31. Dachs, B., Ebersberger, B. (2006) Knowledge flows between multinational enterprises and national innovation systems. In A. T. Tavares, A. Teixeira (eds) Multinational Clusters and Innovation: Does Public Policy Matter, pp. 13-26. New York: Palgrave.
32. Dachs, B., Ebersberger, B., Lööf, H. (2008a) The innovative performance of foreign-owned enterprises in small open economies. Journal of Technology Transfer, 33: 393-406.
33. Dachs, B., Ebersberger, B., Pyka, A. (2008b) Why do firms cooperate for innovation? A comparison of Austrian and Finnish CIS3 results. International Journal of Forsight and Innovation Policy, 4: 200-229.
34. Dahl, M. S., Pedersen, C. Ø. R. (2004) Knowledge flows through informal contacts in industrial clusters: myth or reality? Research Policy, 33: 1673-1686.
35. Danneels, E. (2002) The dynamic of product innovation and firm competencies. Strategic Management Journal, 23: 1095-1121.
36. Danneels, E., Kleinschmidt, E. (2001) Product innovativeness from the firm's perspective: its dimensions and their relation with product selection and performance. The Journal of Product Innovation Management, 18: 357-373.
37. Doremus, P., Keller, W., Pauly, L., Reich, S. (1998) The Myth of the Global corporation. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
38. Dougherty, D. (1992) A practice-centered model of organizational renewal through product innovation. Strategic Management Journal, 13: 77-92.
39. Döring, T., Schnellenbach, J. (2006) What do we know about geographical knowledge spillovers and regional growth? A survey of the litterature. Regional Studies, 40: 375-395.
40. Ebersberger, B., Herstad, S. (2010) Product innovation and the complementarities of external interfaces Knowledge in Organizations Conference, 30 May-3 June, Monte Verita, Switzerland.
41. Eriksson, R., Lindgren, U. (2009) Localized mobility clusters: impacts of labour market externalities on firm performance. Journal of Economic Geography, 9: 33-53.
42. Eurostat, (2006) The Fourth Community Innovation Survey (CIS IV) - Harmonised Survey Questionnaire Available online at: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/52/35/40140021.pdf [Accessed 17 August 2010].
43. Eurostat, (2010) Community innovation survey - Reference Metadata in Euro SDMX Metadata Structure (ESMS). Available online at: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_SDDS/en/inn_esms.htm [Accessed 17 August 2010].
44. Falk, R. (2007) Measuring the effects of public support schemes on firms' innovation activities -survey evidence from Austria. Research Policy, 36: 665-679.
45. Fallick, B., Fleischman, C. A., Rebitzer, J. B. (2006) Job-hopping in Silicon Valley: some evidence concerning the microfoundations of a high-technology cluster. Review of Economics and Statistics, 88: 472-481.
46. Fey, C. F., Birkinshaw, J. (2005) External sources of knowledge, governance mode and R&D performance. Journal of Management, 31: 597-621.
47. Fleming, L. (2001) Recombinant uncertainty in technological search. Management Science, 47: 117-132.
48. Frenken, K., Oort, F. V., Verburg, T. (2007) Related variety, unrelated variety and regional economic growth. Regional Studies, 41: 685-697.
49. Frenz, M., Girardone, C., Ietto-Gillies, G. (2005) Multinationality matters in innovation: The case of the UK financial services. Industry and Innovation, 12: 65-92.
50. Frenz, M., Ietto-Gillies, G. (2007) Does multinationality affect the propensity to innovative? An analysis of the Third Community Innovation Survey. International Review of Applied Economics, 21: 99-117.
51. Fritsch, M. (2003) Does R&D cooperation behavior differ between regions? Industry and Innovation, 10: 25-39.
52. Fritsch, M., Franke, G. (2004) Innovation, regional knowledge spillovers and R&D cooperation. Research Policy, 33: 245-255.
53. Fukao, M. (1995) Financial Integration, Corporate Governance and the Performance of Multinational Corporations. Washington: The Brookings Institution.
54. Fuller, C., Phelps, N. A. (2004) Multinational enterprises, repeat investment and the role of aftercare services in Wales and Ireland. Regional Studies, 38: 783-801.
55. Geppert, M., Williams, K., Matten, D. (2003) The social construction of contextual rationalities in MNCs: An Anglo-German comparision of subsidiary choice. Journal of Management Studies, 40: 617-640.
56. Gertler, M. S., Wolfe, D. A., Garkut, D. (2000) No place like home? The embeddedness of innovation in a regional economy. Review of International Political Economy, 7: 688-718.
57. Ghoshal, S., Korine, H., Szulanski, G. (1994) Interunit communication in multinational corporations. Management Science, 40: 96-110.
58. Giuliani, E., Bell, M. (2005) The micro-determinants of meso-level learning and innovation: evidence from a Chilean wine cluster. Research Policy, 34: 47-68.
59. Goerzen, A., Beamish, P. W. (2003) Geographic scope and multinational enterprise performance. Strategic Management Journal, 24: 1289-1306.
60. Graf, H. (2010) Gatekeepers in regional networks of innovators. Cambridge Journal of Economics, doi:10.1093/cje/beq001, Advance access publication 3 March 2010.
61. Granovetter, M. S. (1973) The Strength of Weak Ties. The American Journal of Sociology, 78: 1360-1380.
62. Granstrand, O. (1999) The internationalisation of corporate R&D: a study of Swedish and Japanese corporations. Research Policy, 28: 275-302.
63. Greene, W. H. (2000) Econometric Analysis, 4th edn. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.
64. Gupta, A. K., Govindarajan, V. (2000) Knowledge flows within multinational corporations. Strategic Management Journal, 21: 473-496.
65. Görg, H., Greenway, D. (2004) Much ado about nothing? Do domestic firms really benefit from foreign direct investment? The World Bank Research Observer, 19: 171-197.
66. Grünfeld, L. A. (2004) Kapitalens utvandrere: Norske investeringer og aktiviteter i utlandet (Migrating capital: Norwegian investments and activities abroad). Økonomisk utsyn, 2004.
67. Hall, P., Soskice, D. (2001) Varieties of Capitalism - The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
68. Hansen, M. T. (1999) The search-transfer problem: The role of weak ties in sharing knowledge across organizational subunits. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44: 82-111.
69. Hansen, M. T. (2002) Knowledge networks: Explaining effective knowledge sharing in multiunit companies. Organisation Science, 13: 232-248.
70. Hargadon, A., Sutton, R. I. (1997) Technology brokering and innovation in a product development firm. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42: 716-749.
71. Harris, R. I. D., Li, Q. C. (2005) Establishment Level Empirical Study Of Links Between Exporting, Innovation, and Productivity. Report to UKTI. Available online at: http://www.ukti.gov.uk/uktihome/aboutukti/localisation/108529.html [Accessed 19 August 2010].
72. Hauknes, J., Knell, M. (2009) Embodied knowledge and sectoral linkages: An input-output approach to the interaction of high- and low-tech industries. Research Policy, 38: 459-469.
73. Helper, S., DacDuffie, J. P., Sabel, C. (2000) Pragmatic collaborations: advancing knowledge while controlling opportunism. Industrial and Corporate Change, 9: 443-487.
74. Henderson, J. V. (2007) Understanding knowledge spillovers. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 37: 497-508.
75. Herstad, S., Bloch, C., Ebersberger, B., van De Velde, E. (2010) National innovation policy and global open innovation: Exploring trade-offs, balances and complementarities. Science and Public Policy, 37: 113-124.
76. Herstad, S., Paalshaugen, Ö. (2010) Decoupled diversity: on innovation in the Norwegian capital region. Conference Paper, Fifth International Seminar on Regional Development Policies, 14-15 October, Grimstad, Norway.
77. Hess, M. (2004) 'Spatial' relationships? Towards a reconceptualization of embeddedness. Progress in Human Geography, 28: 165-186.
78. Hoare, A. G. (1978) Industrial linkages and the dual economy: the case of Northern Ireland. Regional Studies, 12: 167-179.
79. Hoetker, G. (2007) The use of logit and probit models in strategic management research: critical issues. Strategic Management Journal, 28: 331-343.
80. Ivarsson, I. (2002a) Collective technology learning between transnational corporations and local business partners: the case of West Sweden. Environment and Planning A, 34: 1877-1897.
81. Ivarsson, I. (2002b) Transnational corporations and the geographical transfer of localised technology: a multi-industry study of foreign affiliates in Sweden. Journal of Economic Geography, 2: 221-247.
82. Jakobsen, S. -E., Onsager, K. (2005) Head office location: agglomeration, clusters of flow nodes? Urban Studies, 42: 1517-1535.
83. Kaiser, U. (2002) Measuring knowledge spillovers in manufacturing and services: an empirical assessment of alternative approaches. Research Policy, 31: 125-144.
84. Katila, R. (2002) New product search over time: past ideas in their prime? The Academy of Management Journal, 45: 995-1010.
85. Katila, R., Ahuja, G. (2002) Something old, something new: a longitudinal study of search behavior and new product introduction. The Academy of Management Journal, 45: 1183-1194.
86. Katz, M. L. (1986) An analysis of cooperative research and development. Rand Journal of Economics, 17: 527-543.
87. Kvinge, T. J. (2007) Essays on Foreign Direct Investments and Host Country Effects (Vol. dr. polit). Oslo: University of Oslo.
88. Lam, A. (2000) Tacit knowledge, organizational learning and innovation: a societal perspective. Organization Studies, 21: 487-513.
89. Laursen, K., Salter, A. (2004) Searching high and low: what types of firms use universities as a source of innovation? Research Policy, 33: 1201-1215.
90. Laursen, K., Salter, A. (2006) Open for innovation: the role of openness in explaining innovation performance among UK manufacturing firms. Strategic Management Journal, 24: 131-150.
91. Lazaric, N., Longhi, C., Thomas, C. (2008) Gatekeepers of knowledge versus platforms of knowledge: from potential to realized absorptive capacity. Regional Studies, 42: 837-852.
92. Leahy, D., Neary, J. P. (1997) Public policy towards R&D in oligopolistic industries. American Economic Review, 87: 642-662.
93. Leiponen, A., Drejer, I. (2007) What exactly are technological regimes? Intra-industry heterogeneity in the organization of innovation activities. Research Policy, 36: 1221-1238.
94. Lhuillery, S., Pfister, E. (2009) R&D cooperation and failures in innovation projects: empirical evidence from French CIS data. Research Policy, 38: 45-57.
95. Lowe, M., Wrigley, N. (2010) The "Continously Morphing" retail TNC during market entry: interpreting Tesco's expansion into the United States. Economic Geography, 86: 381-408.
96. Maliranta, M., Mohnen, P., Rouvinen, P. (2009) Is inter-firm labor mobility a channel of knowledge spillovers? Evidence from a linked employer-employee panel. Industrial and Corporate Change, 18: 1161-1191.
97. Malmberg, A., Power, D. (2005) (How) Do (Firms in) clusters create knowledge? Industry and Innovation, 12: 409-431.
98. Marsili, O., Verspagen, B. (2002) Technology and the dynamics of industrial structures: an empirical mapping of Dutch manufacturing. Industrial and Corporate Change, 11: 791-815.
99. Maskell, P., Pedersen, T., Petersen, B., Dick-Nielsen, J. (2007) Learning paths to offshore outsourcing: from cost reduction to knowledge seeking. Industry and Innovation, 14: 239-257.
100. Morgan, G., Kristensen, P. H., Whitley, R. (eds) (2001) The Multinational Firm: Organizing Across Institutional and National Divides. New York: Oxford University Press.
101. Morrison, A. (2008) Gatekeepers of knowledge within industrial districts: who they are, how they interact. Regional Studies, 42: 817-835.
102. Narula, R. (1996) Multinational Investment and Economic Structure. London: Routhledge.
103. Narula, R. (2002) Innovation systems and 'intertia' in R&D location: Norwegian firms and the role of systemic lock-in. Research Policy, 31: 795-816.
104. Nelson, R., Winter, S. (1982) An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
105. Nohria, N., Ghoshal, S. (1997) The Differentiated Network: Organising Multinational Corporations for Value Creation. San Fransisco: Jossey-Bass.
106. Nooteboom, B., Van Haverbeke, W., Duysters, G., Gilsing, V., van den Oord, A. (2007) Optimal cognitive distance and absorptive capacity. Research Policy, 36: 1016-1034.
107. Ocasio, W. (1997) Towards an attention-based view of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 18: 187-206.
108. Owen-Smith, J., Powell, W. W. (2004) Knowledge networks as channels and conduits: The effects of spillovers in the Boston biotechnology community. Organization Science, 15: 5-21.
109. Pauly, L. W., Reich, S. (1997) National structures and multinational corporate behavior: enduring differences in the age of globalization. International Organization, 51: 1-30.
110. Pavitt, K. (1984) Sectoral patterns of technical change - towards a taxonomy and a theory. Research Policy, 13: 343-373.
111. Persaud, A. (2005) Enhancing synergistic innovative capabilitie in multinational corporations: an empirical investigation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 22: 412-429.
112. Phelps, N. A., Fuller, C. (2000) Multinationals, intracorporate competition, and regional development. Economic Geography, 76: 224-243.
113. Rammer, C., Czarnitzki, D., Spielkamp, A. (2009) Innovation success of non-R&D-performers: substituting technology by management in SMEs. Small Business Economics, 33: 35-58.
114. Rosenkopf, L., Nerkar, A. (2001) Beyond local search: boundary-spanning, exploration, and impact in the optical disk industry. Strategic Management Journal, 22: 287-306.
115. Ruigrok, W., Tulder, R. V. (1995) The Logic of International Restructuring. London: Routhledge.
116. Simmie, J. (2003) Innovation and urban regions as national and international nodes for the transfer and sharing of knowledge. Regional Studies, 37: 607-620.
117. Simmie, J. (2004) Innovation and clustering in the globalised international economy. Urban Studies, 41: 1095-1112.
118. Stewart, J. C. (1976) Linkages and foreign direct investment. Regional Studies, 10: 245-258.
119. Storper, M. (1997) The Regional World. New York: Guildford.
120. Szulanski, G. (1996) Exploring internal stickiness: Impediments to the transfer of best practice within the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 17: 27-43.
121. Tether, B. S. (2002) Who co-operates for innovation and why? An empirical analysis. Research Policy, 31: 947-967.
122. Unctad, (2005) World investment report 2005. Transnational corporations and the internationalization of R&D. New York: United Nations.
123. van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie, B., Lichtenberg, F. (2001) Does foreign direct investment transfer technology across borders? The Review of Economics and Statistics, 83: 490-497.
124. Veugelers, R., Cassiman, B. (2005) R&D cooperation between firms and universities. Some empirical evidence from Belgian manufacturing. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 23: 355-379.
125. Whitley, R. (ed.) (1999) Divergent Capitalisms: The Social Structuring and Change of Business Systems. New York: Oxford University Press.