메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 23, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 187-206

The internationalisation of R and D by multinationals: a trade-off between external and internal proximity

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GLOBALIZATION; MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISE; RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT; SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY;

EID: 0032966085     PISSN: 0309166X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/cje/23.2.187     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (174)

References (78)
  • 1
    • 0345198202 scopus 로고
    • The multinational firm and the theory of industrial organization
    • Del Monte, A. (ed.), London, Macmillan
    • Acocella, N. 1992. The multinational firm and the theory of industrial organization, pp. 232-51 in Del Monte, A. (ed.), Recent Developments in the Theory of Industrial Organizatian, London, Macmillan
    • (1992) Recent Developments in the Theory of Industrial Organizatian , pp. 232-251
    • Acocella, N.1
  • 2
    • 0028786372 scopus 로고
    • The globalisation of technology: A new taxonomy
    • Archibugi, D. and Michie, J. 1995. The globalisation of technology: a new taxonomy, Cambridge Journal of Economies, vol. 19, no. 1, 121-40
    • (1995) Cambridge Journal of Economies , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 121-140
    • Archibugi, D.1    Michie, J.2
  • 3
    • 0344767678 scopus 로고
    • On the agenda of organizations
    • Arrow, K. (ed.), Cambridge, MA, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press
    • Arrow, K. 1974. On the agenda of organizations, pp. 167-84 in Arrow, K. (ed.) 1984. The Economics of Information, Cambridge, MA, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press
    • (1974) The Economics of Information , pp. 167-184
    • Arrow, K.1
  • 4
    • 85087196621 scopus 로고
    • Managing innovation in the transnational corporation
    • Bartlett, A., Doz, Y. and Hedlund, G. (eds), London, Routledge
    • Bartlett, C. and Ghoshal, S. 1990. Managing innovation in the transnational corporation, pp. 213-55 in Bartlett, A., Doz, Y. and Hedlund, G. (eds), Managing the Global Firm, London, Routledge
    • (1990) Managing the Global Firm , pp. 213-255
    • Bartlett, C.1    Ghoshal, S.2
  • 5
    • 0002518504 scopus 로고
    • Contemporary theories of international direct investment
    • July
    • Buckley, P. 1993. Contemporary theories of international direct investment, Revue Economique, vol. 44, no. 4, July, 725-36
    • (1993) Revue Economique , vol.44 , Issue.4 , pp. 725-736
    • Buckley, P.1
  • 6
    • 0344767675 scopus 로고
    • L'état de l'art des théories de la firme multinationale
    • Rainelli, M. (ed.), Paris, Economica
    • Buckley, P. 1995, L'état de l'art des théories de la firme multinationale, pp. 261-77 in Rainelli, M. (ed.), La négociation commerciale et financière internationale, Paris, Economica
    • (1995) La Négociation Commerciale et Financière Internationale , pp. 261-277
    • Buckley, P.1
  • 7
    • 0001066149 scopus 로고
    • A survey of theories of international production
    • Pitelis, C. and Sugden, R. (eds), London, Routledge
    • Cantwell, J. 1991. A survey of theories of international production, pp. 16-63 in Pitelis, C. and Sugden, R. (eds), The Nature of the Transnational Firm, London, Routledge
    • (1991) The Nature of the Transnational Firm , pp. 16-63
    • Cantwell, J.1
  • 8
    • 0028785245 scopus 로고
    • The globalisation of technology: What remains of the product cycle model?
    • Cantwell, J. 1995. The globalisation of technology: what remains of the product cycle model? Cambridge Journal of Economics, vol. 19, no. 1, 155-74
    • (1995) Cambridge Journal of Economics , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 155-174
    • Cantwell, J.1
  • 10
    • 0345198200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The organisation and evolution of the multinational enterprise: An information cost approach
    • University of Reading, Department of Economics, November
    • Casson., M. 1996. The organisation and evolution of the multinational enterprise: an information cost approach, Discussion Paper in International Investment and Business Studies no. 222, Series B, vol. 9, University of Reading, Department of Economics, November
    • (1996) International Investment and Business Studies No. 222, Series B , vol.9
    • Casson, M.1
  • 11
    • 0043237128 scopus 로고
    • Business culture and international technology: Research managers' perceptions of recent changes in corporate R&D
    • Granstrand, O., Hákanson, L. and Sjölander, S. (eds), Caichester, John Wiley
    • Casson, M., Pearce, R. and Singh, S. 1992. Business culture and international technology: research managers' perceptions of recent changes in corporate R&D, pp. 117-35 in Granstrand, O., Hákanson, L. and Sjölander, S. (eds), Technology Management and International Business, Caichester, John Wiley
    • (1992) Technology Management and International Business , pp. 117-135
    • Casson, M.1    Pearce, R.2    Singh, S.3
  • 12
    • 84982702274 scopus 로고
    • Corporate research and development strategies: The influence of firm, industry and country factors on the decentralization of R&D
    • Casson, M. and Singh, S. 1993. Corporate research and development strategies: the influence of firm, industry and country factors on the decentralization of R&D, R&D Management, vol. 23, no. 2, 91-107
    • (1993) R&D Management , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 91-107
    • Casson, M.1    Singh, S.2
  • 13
    • 33747896503 scopus 로고
    • The management of multinational R&D: A neglected topic in international business research
    • 1st Quarter
    • Cheng, J. and Bolon, D. 1993. The management of multinational R&D: a neglected topic in international business research, Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 24, no. 1, 1st Quarter, 1-18
    • (1993) Journal of International Business Studies , vol.24 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-18
    • Cheng, J.1    Bolon, D.2
  • 14
    • 84982699533 scopus 로고
    • Management of an international network of industrial R&D laboratories
    • April
    • De Meyer, A. 1993. Management of an international network of industrial R&D laboratories, R&D Management, vol. 23, no. 2, April, 109-20
    • (1993) R&D Management , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 109-120
    • De Meyer, A.1
  • 15
    • 0003129213 scopus 로고
    • Some elements of an evolutionary theory of organizational competences
    • England, R. (ed.), Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press
    • Dosi, G. and Marengo, L. 1994. Some elements of an evolutionary theory of organizational competences, pp. 157-78 in England, R. (ed.), Evolutionary Concepts in Contemporary Economics, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press
    • (1994) Evolutionary Concepts in Contemporary Economics , pp. 157-178
    • Dosi, G.1    Marengo, L.2
  • 16
    • 84981580027 scopus 로고
    • Explaining changing patterns of international production: In defence of the eclectic theory
    • November
    • Dunning, J. 1979. Explaining changing patterns of international production: in defence of the eclectic theory, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, vol. 41, no. 4, November 269-95
    • (1979) Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics , vol.41 , Issue.4 , pp. 269-295
    • Dunning, J.1
  • 18
    • 84984729403 scopus 로고
    • The eclectic paradigm of international production: A restatement and some possible extensions
    • Spring
    • Dunning, J. 1988. The eclectic paradigm of international production: a restatement and some possible extensions, Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 19, no. 1, Spring, 1-31
    • (1988) Journal of International Business Studies , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-31
    • Dunning, J.1
  • 19
    • 0344767676 scopus 로고
    • The eclectic paradigm of international production: A personal perspective
    • Pitelis, C. and Sugden, R. (eds), London, Routledge
    • Dunning, J. 1991. The eclectic paradigm of international production: a personal perspective, pp. 117-36 in Pitelis, C. and Sugden, R. (eds), The Nature of the Transnational Firm, London, Routledge
    • (1991) The Nature of the Transnational Firm , pp. 117-136
    • Dunning, J.1
  • 20
    • 0002652586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The geographical sources of the competitiveness of firms: Some results of a new survey
    • December
    • Dunning, J. 1996. The geographical sources of the competitiveness of firms: some results of a new survey, Transnational Corporations, vol. 5, no. 3, December, 1-29
    • (1996) Transnational Corporations , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 1-29
    • Dunning, J.1
  • 22
    • 0002972446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The globalization of R&D: Results of a survey of foreign-affiliated R&D laboratories in the USA
    • March
    • Florida, R. 1997. The globalization of R&D: results of a survey of foreign-affiliated R&D laboratories in the USA, Research Policy, vol. 26, no. 1, March, 85-103
    • (1997) Research Policy , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 85-103
    • Florida, R.1
  • 23
    • 0039659250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overseas R&D by multinationals in foreign centres of excellence
    • Stockholm School of Economics, March
    • Fors, G. and Zejan, M. 1996. 'Overseas R&D by Multinationals in Foreign Centres of Excellence', Working Paper no. 111, Stockholm School of Economics, March
    • (1996) Working Paper No. 111 , vol.11
    • Fors, G.1    Zejan, M.2
  • 24
    • 0344335649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The emerging competence perspective
    • Foss, N. and Knudsen, C. (eds), London, Routledge
    • Foss, N. 1996. The emerging competence perspective, pp. 1-12 in Foss, N. and Knudsen, C. (eds), Towards a Competence Theory of the Firm, London, Routledge
    • (1996) Towards A Competence Theory of The Firm , pp. 1-12
    • Foss, N.1
  • 26
    • 0002162444 scopus 로고
    • Interunit communication in multinational corporations
    • January
    • Ghoshal, S., Korine, H. and Szulanski, G. 1994. Interunit communication in multinational corporations., Management Science, vol. 40, no. 1, January, 96-110
    • (1994) Management Science , vol.40 , Issue.1 , pp. 96-110
    • Ghoshal, S.1    Korine, H.2    Szulanski, G.3
  • 27
    • 30444438479 scopus 로고
    • Internationalization of R&D: A survey of some recent research
    • November
    • Granstrand, O., Håkanson, L. and Sjölander, S. 1993. Internationalization of R&D: a survey of some recent research, Research Policy, vol. 22, no. 5-6, November, 413-30
    • (1993) Research Policy , vol.22 , Issue.5-6 , pp. 413-430
    • Granstrand, O.1    Håkanson, L.2    Sjölander, S.3
  • 28
    • 0345198199 scopus 로고
    • National systems of innovation and European integration
    • Strasbourg., 6-8 October
    • Gregersen, B., Johnson., B. and Kristensen, A. 1994. National systems of innovation and European integration, EUNETIC Conference Proceedings, vol. 3, Strasbourg., 6-8 October, 1675-704
    • (1994) EUNETIC Conference Proceedings , vol.3 , pp. 1675-1704
    • Gregersen, B.1    Johnson, B.2    Kristensen, A.3
  • 29
    • 85087195851 scopus 로고
    • International decentralization of R&D: The organizational challenges
    • Bartlett, A., Doz, Y. and Hedlund, G. (eds), London, Routledge
    • Håkanson, L. 1990. International decentralization of R&D: the organizational challenges, pp. 256-78 in Bartlett, A., Doz, Y. and Hedlund, G. (eds), Managing the Global Firm, London, Routledge
    • (1990) Managing the Global Firm , pp. 256-278
    • Håkanson, L.1
  • 31
    • 0001864559 scopus 로고
    • The transaction cost theory of the multinational enterprise
    • Pitelis, C. and Sugden, R. (eds), London, Routledge
    • Hennart, J. B. 1991. The transaction cost theory of the multinational enterprise, pp. 81-116 in Pitelis, C. and Sugden, R. (eds), The Nature of the Transnational Firm, London, Routledge
    • (1991) The Nature of the Transnational Firm , pp. 81-116
    • Hennart, J.B.1
  • 32
    • 0021352082 scopus 로고
    • The location of research and development: Some observations and evidence from Britain
    • February
    • Howells, J. 1984. The location of research and development: some observations and evidence from Britain, Regional Studies, vol. 18, no. 1, February, 13-29
    • (1984) Regional Studies , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 13-29
    • Howells, J.1
  • 33
    • 45149138154 scopus 로고
    • The location and organisation of research and development: New horizons
    • April
    • Howells, J. 1990. The location and organisation of research and development: new horizons, Research Policy, vol. 19, no. 2, April, 133-46
    • (1990) Research Policy , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 133-146
    • Howells, J.1
  • 34
    • 0040670983 scopus 로고
    • Emerging global strategies in innovation management
    • Humbert, M. (ed.), London, Pinter
    • Howells, J. 1993, Emerging global strategies in innovation management, pp. 219-28 in Humbert, M. (ed.), The Impact Globalisation on Europe's firms and Industries, London, Pinter
    • (1993) The Impact Globalisation on Europe's Firms and Industries , pp. 219-228
    • Howells, J.1
  • 35
    • 0000332282 scopus 로고
    • Going global: The use of ICT networks in research and development
    • March
    • Howells, J. 1995. Going global: the use of ICT networks in research and development, Research Policy, vol. 24, no. 2, March, 169-84
    • (1995) Research Policy , vol.24 , Issue.2 , pp. 169-184
    • Howells, J.1
  • 38
    • 8344257157 scopus 로고
    • The organization and geography of Japanese R&D: Results from a survey of Japanese electronics and biotechnology firms
    • May
    • Kenney, M. and Florida, R. 1994. The organization and geography of Japanese R&D: results from a survey of Japanese electronics and biotechnology firms. Research Policy, vol. 23, no. 3, May, 305-23
    • (1994) Research Policy , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 305-323
    • Kenney, M.1    Florida, R.2
  • 39
    • 0344335647 scopus 로고
    • Managing information in a Japanese laboratory
    • Ketley, A. D. 1994. Managing information in a Japanese laboratory, Research-Technology-Management, vol. 37, no 6, 33-5
    • (1994) Research-Technology-Management , vol.37 , Issue.6 , pp. 33-35
    • Ketley, A.D.1
  • 40
    • 0038252353 scopus 로고
    • Managing R&D globally: People and financial considerations
    • Krogh, L. C. 1994. Managing R&D globally: people and financial considerations, Research-Technology-Management, vol. 37, no. 4, 25-8
    • (1994) Research-Technology-Management , vol.37 , Issue.4 , pp. 25-28
    • Krogh, L.C.1
  • 41
    • 77956982654 scopus 로고
    • Transaction-cost economics in real time
    • Langlois, R. 1992. Transaction-cost economics in real time, Industrial and Corporate Change, vol. 1, no. 1, 99-127
    • (1992) Industrial and Corporate Change , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 99-127
    • Langlois, R.1
  • 44
    • 0009017385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The organization of industry
    • Foss, N. and Knudsen, C. (eds), London, Routledge
    • Loasby, B. 1996. The organization of industry, pp. 38-53 in Foss, N. and Knudsen, C. (eds), Towards a Competence Theory of the Firm, London, Routledge
    • (1996) Towards A Competence Theory of the Firm , pp. 38-53
    • Loasby, B.1
  • 47
    • 0040045958 scopus 로고
    • Neither friends nor strangers: Informal networks of subcontracting in French industry
    • Thompson, G., Frances, J., Levacic, R. and Mitchell, J. (eds), London, Sage
    • Lotenz, E. 1991. Neither friends nor strangers: informal networks of subcontracting in French industry, pp. 183-92 in Thompson, G., Frances, J., Levacic, R. and Mitchell, J. (eds), Markets, Hierarchies and Networks: The Coordination of Social Life, London, Sage
    • (1991) Markets, Hierarchies and Networks: The Coordination of Social Life , pp. 183-192
    • Lotenz, E.1
  • 49
    • 0003244755 scopus 로고
    • Explaining interfirm cooperation and innovation: Limits of the transaction-cost approach
    • Grabher, G. (ed.), London, Routledge
    • Lundvall, B. Å. 1993. Explaining interfirm cooperation and innovation: limits of the transaction-cost approach, pp. 52-64 in Grabher, G. (ed.), The Embedded Firm, London, Routledge
    • (1993) The Embedded Firm , pp. 52-64
    • Lundvall, B.Å.1
  • 50
    • 0012248578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The social dimension of the learning economy
    • Aalborg University, April
    • Lundvall, B. Å. 1996. 'The Social Dimension of the Learning Economy, DRUID Working Paper, no. 96-1, Aalborg University, April
    • (1996) DRUID Working Paper, No. 96-1 , vol.96 , Issue.1
    • Lundvall, B.Å.1
  • 52
    • 0029488862 scopus 로고
    • Technology district and innovation: The case of the Swiss Jura arc
    • Maillat, D., Lecoq, B., Nemeti, F. and Pfister, M. 1995, Technology district and innovation: the case of the Swiss Jura arc, Regional Studies, vol. 29, no. 3, 251-63
    • (1995) Regional Studies , vol.29 , Issue.3 , pp. 251-263
    • Maillat, D.1    Lecoq, B.2    Nemeti, F.3    Pfister, M.4
  • 53
    • 0001812752 scopus 로고
    • Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning
    • February
    • March, J. 1991. Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning, Organization Science, vol. 2, no. 1, February, 71-87
    • (1991) Organization Science , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 71-87
    • March, J.1
  • 54
    • 0001281774 scopus 로고
    • The boundaries of multinational enterprises and the theory of international trade
    • Spring
    • Markusen, J. 1995. The boundaries of multinational enterprises and the theory of international trade, Journal of Economic Perspective, vol. 9, no. 2, Spring, 169-89
    • (1995) Journal of Economic Perspective , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 169-189
    • Markusen, J.1
  • 55
    • 0031521030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A taxonomy of internationally dispersed technology units and its application to management issues
    • October
    • Medcof, J. W. 1997. A taxonomy of internationally dispersed technology units and its application to management issues, R&D Management, vol. 27, no. 4, October, 301-18
    • (1997) R&D Management , vol.27 , Issue.4 , pp. 301-318
    • Medcof, J.W.1
  • 56
    • 0030150119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrating technology planning with business planning
    • Metz, P. D. 1996. Integrating technology planning with business planning, Research-Technology-Management, vol. 39, no. 3, 19-22
    • (1996) Research-Technology-Management , vol.39 , Issue.3 , pp. 19-22
    • Metz, P.D.1
  • 57
    • 0008911925 scopus 로고
    • Global R&D networks and large-scale innovations: The case of the automobile industry
    • January
    • Miller, R. 1994. Global R&D networks and large-scale innovations: the case of the automobile industry, Research Polity, vol. 23, no. 1, January, 27-46
    • (1994) Research Polity , vol.23 , Issue.1 , pp. 27-46
    • Miller, R.1
  • 58
    • 0345630212 scopus 로고
    • La gestion de la connaissance dans les entreprises multinationales
    • 4th Quarter
    • Mytelka, L. G. 1984. La gestion de la connaissance dans les entreprises multinationales, Economie Prospective Internationale, no. 20, 4th Quarter, 7-33
    • (1984) Economie Prospective Internationale , Issue.20 , pp. 7-33
    • Mytelka, L.G.1
  • 59
    • 0003588444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arlington, VA, National Science Foundation
    • National Science Board (NSB) 1998. Science & Engineering Indicators 1998, Arlington, VA, National Science Foundation
    • (1998) Science & Engineering Indicators 1998
  • 60
    • 0002077152 scopus 로고
    • Cross-cultural research teams in a global enterprise
    • Neff, P. H. 1995. Cross-cultural research teams in a global enterprise, Research-Technology-Management, vol. 38, no. 3, 15-9
    • (1995) Research-Technology-Management , vol.38 , Issue.3 , pp. 15-19
    • Neff, P.H.1
  • 61
    • 0002628778 scopus 로고
    • Institutional change: A framework of analysis
    • Sjöstrand, S. V. (ed.), New York, Sharpe
    • North, D. 1993. Institutional change: a framework of analysis, pp. 35-46 in Sjöstrand, S. V. (ed.), Institutional Change: Theory and Empirical Findings, New York, Sharpe
    • (1993) Institutional Change: Theory and Empirical Findings , pp. 35-46
    • North, D.1
  • 62
    • 0001118739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The determinants of overseas R&D by Japanese firms: An empirical study at the industry and company levels
    • October
    • Odagiri, H. and Yasuda, H. 1996. The determinants of overseas R&D by Japanese firms: an empirical study at the industry and company levels, Research Policy, vol. 25, no. 7, October, 1059-79
    • (1996) Research Policy , vol.25 , Issue.7 , pp. 1059-1079
    • Odagiri, H.1    Yasuda, H.2
  • 63
    • 0028826681 scopus 로고
    • Localised production of technology for global markets
    • February
    • Patel, P. 1995. Localised production of technology for global markets, Cambridge Journal of Economics, vol. 19, no. 1, February, 141-53
    • (1995) Cambridge Journal of Economics , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 141-153
    • Patel, P.1
  • 64
    • 0030083078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are large firms internationalizing the generation of technology? Some new evidence
    • February
    • Patel, P. 1996. Are large firms internationalizing the generation of technology? Some new evidence, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, vol. 43, no. 1, February, 41-7
    • (1996) IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management , vol.43 , Issue.1 , pp. 41-47
    • Patel, P.1
  • 65
    • 0000763725 scopus 로고
    • What makes basic research economically useful?
    • April
    • Pavitt, K. 1991. What makes basic research economically useful? Research Policy, vol. 20, no. 2, April, 109-19
    • (1991) Research Policy , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 109-119
    • Pavitt, K.1
  • 67
    • 0010306244 scopus 로고
    • Stratégies territoriales des firmes transnationales et autonomie du développement régional et local
    • Perrat, J. 1992. Stratégies territoriales des firmes transnationales et autonomie du développement régional et local, Revue d'Économie Régionale et Urbaine, no. 5, 795-817
    • (1992) Revue D'Économie Régionale et Urbaine , Issue.5 , pp. 795-817
    • Perrat, J.1
  • 68
    • 0000888534 scopus 로고
    • The organisation of industry
    • September
    • Richardson, G. B. 1972. The organisation of industry, Economic Journal, vol. 82, no. 327, September, 883-96
    • (1972) Economic Journal , vol.82 , Issue.327 , pp. 883-896
    • Richardson, G.B.1
  • 69
    • 0002722435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competences, transaction costs and competitive strategy
    • Foss, N. and Knudsen, C. (eds), London, Routledge
    • Robertson, P. 1996. Competences, transaction costs and competitive strategy, pp. 75-96 in Foss, N. and Knudsen, C. (eds), Towards A Competence Theory of the Firm, London, Routledge
    • (1996) Towards A Competence Theory of the Firm , pp. 75-96
    • Robertson, P.1
  • 70
    • 0001121114 scopus 로고
    • Why do firms do basic research (with their own money)?
    • April
    • Rosenberg, N. 1990. Why do firms do basic research (with their own money)? Research Policy, vol. 19, no. 2, April, 165-74
    • (1990) Research Policy , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 165-174
    • Rosenberg, N.1
  • 71
    • 0000102481 scopus 로고
    • Internalization as a general theory of foreign direct investment: A re-appraisal of the literature
    • Rugman, A. 1980. Internalization as a general theory of foreign direct investment: a re-appraisal of the literature, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, vol. 116, 365-79
    • (1980) Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv , vol.116 , pp. 365-379
    • Rugman, A.1
  • 73
    • 51249176864 scopus 로고
    • Internalization is still a general theory of foreign direct investment
    • Rugman, A. 1985. Internalization is still a general theory of foreign direct investment, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, vol. 121, no. 3, 570-75
    • (1985) Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv , vol.121 , Issue.3 , pp. 570-575
    • Rugman, A.1
  • 74
    • 0345630210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global strategies for multinational enterprises
    • Islam, I. and Shepherd, W. (eds), Cheltenham, Edward Elgar
    • Rugman, A. and Verbeke, A. 1997. Global strategies for multinational enterprises, pp. 132-50 in Islam, I. and Shepherd, W. (eds), Current Issues in International Business, Cheltenham, Edward Elgar
    • (1997) Current Issues in International Business , pp. 132-150
    • Rugman, A.1    Verbeke, A.2
  • 75
    • 0000228193 scopus 로고
    • Tacit knowledge and models of innovation
    • Senker, J. 1995. Tacit knowledge and models of innovation, Industrial and Corporate Change, vol. 4, no. 2, 425-47
    • (1995) Industrial and Corporate Change , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 425-447
    • Senker, J.1
  • 76
    • 0006064407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proximité(s), interactions technologiques et territoriales: Une revue
    • 4th Quarter
    • Sierra, C. 1997. Proximité(s), interactions technologiques et territoriales: une revue, Revue d'Economie Industrielle, no. 82, 4th Quarter, 7-38
    • (1997) Revue D'Economie Industrielle , Issue.82 , pp. 7-38
    • Sierra, C.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.