Attendance Dynamics at Work: The Antecedents and Correlates of Presenteeism, Absenteeism, and Productivity Loss

Journal of Occupational Health Psychology

Volumn 16, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 483-500

  Johns, Gary ^a  

^a John Molson School of Business   (Canada)

Author keywords

Absenteeism; Attendance; Health; Presenteeism; Productivity

Indexed keywords

ABSENTEEISM; ARTICLE; FAMILY CONFLICT; JOB SECURITY; NEUROSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PRODUCTIVITY; TASK PERFORMANCE; WORK EXPERIENCE; WORK SCHEDULE;

ABSENTEEISM; ADULT; CANADA; DATA COLLECTION; EFFICIENCY, ORGANIZATIONAL; EMPLOYMENT; FEMALE; HEALTH STATUS; HUMANS; MALE; SICK LEAVE;

EID: 80053614728     PISSN: 10768998     EISSN: 19391307     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0025153     Document Type: Article

References (109)

1. Addae H.M., Johns G. National culture and perceptions of absence legitimacy. Voluntary employee withdrawal and inattendance: A current perspective 2002, 21-51. Kluwer/Plenum Press, New York, NY. 10.1007/978-1-4615-0599-0_2. M. Koslowsky, M. Krausz (Eds.).
2. Addae, H. M., Johns, G., & Boies, K. (2009). The legitimacy of absenteeism from work: A nine-nation cross-level study. Paper presented at the XIV European Congress of Work and Organizational Psychology, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
3. Amick B.C., Lerner D., Rogers W.H., Rooney T., Katz J.N. A review of health-related work outcome measures and their uses, and recommended measures. Spine 2000, 25:3152-3160. 10.1097/00007632-200012150-00010.
4. Anseel F., Lievens F., Schollaert E., Choragwicka B. Response rates in organizational science, 1995-2008: A meta-analytic review and guidelines for researchers. Journal of Business and Psychology 2010, 25:335-349. 10.1007/s10869-010-9157-6.
5. Aronsson G., Gustafsson K. Sickness presenteeism: Prevalence, attendance-pressure factors, and an outline of a model for research. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005, 47:958-966. 10.1097/01.jom.0000177219.75677.17.
6. Aronsson G., Gustafsson K., Dallner M. Sick but yet at work. An empirical study of sickness presenteeism. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2000, 54:502-509. 10.1136/jech.54.7.502.
7. Bacharach S.B., Bamberger P.A., Biron M. Alcohol consumption and workplace absenteeism: The moderating effect of social support. Journal of Applied Psychology 2010, 95:334-348. 10.1037/a0018018.
8. Baker-McClearn D., Greasley K., Dale J., Griffith F. Absence management and presenteeism: The pressures on employees to attend work and the impact of attendance on performance. Human Resource Management Journal 2010, 20:311-328.
9. Bandalos D.L., Boehm-Kaufman M.R. Four common misconceptions in exploratory factor analysis. Statistical and methodological myths and urban legends 2009, 61-87. Routledge, New York, NY. C.E. Vance, R.J. Vandenberg (Eds.).
10. Barker J.R. Tightening the iron cage: Concertive control in self-managing teams. Administrative Science Quarterly 1993, 38:408-437. 10.2307/2393374.
11. Bekker M.H.J., Croon M.A., Bressers B. Childcare involvement, job characteristics, gender and work attitudes as predictors of emotional exhaustion and sickness absence. Work & Stress 2005, 19:221-237. 10.1080/02678370500286095.
12. Biron C., Brun J.-P., Ivers H., Cooper C. At work but ill: Psychosocial work environment and well-being determinants of presenteeism. Journal of Public Mental Health 2006, 5:26-37.
13. Biron C., Saksvik P.Ø. Sickness presenteeism and attendance pressure factors: Implications for practice. Work and health psychology: The handbook 2009, 77-96. Wiley, Chichester, UK. 3rd ed. C.L. Cooper, J.C. Quick, M. Schabracq (Eds.).
14. Böckerman P., Laukkanen E. What makes you work while you are sick? Evidence from a survey of workers. European Journal of Public Health 2010, 20:43-46. 10.1093/eurpub/ckp076.
15. Brooks A., Hagen S.E., Sathyanarayanan S., Schultz A.B., Edington D.W. Presenteeism: Critical issues. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2010, 52:1055-1067. 10.1097/JOM.0b013e3181f475cc.
16. Buck, R., Porteous, C., Wynne-Jones, G., Marsh, K., Phillips, C. J., & Main, C. J. (in press) Challenges to remaining at work with common health problems: What helps and what influence do organizational policies have?. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation.
17. Burton W.N., Pransky G., Conti D.J., Chen C.-Y., Edington D.W. The association of medical conditions and presenteeism. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004, 46(suppl):S38-S45. 10.1097/01.jom.0000126687.49652.44.
18. Carlson, K. D., & Herdman, A. O. (in press) Understanding the impact of convergent validity on research results. Organizational Research Methods.
19. Caverley N., Cunningham J.B., MacGregor J.N. Sickness presenteeism, sickness absenteeism, and health following restructuring in a public service organization. Journal of Management Studies 2007, 44:304-319. 10.1111/j.1467-6486.2007.00690.x.
20. Collins J.J., Baase C.M., Sharda C.E., Ozminkowski R.J., Nicholson S., Billotti G.M., Berger M.L. The assessment of chronic health conditions on work performance, absence, and total economic impact for employers. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005, 47:547-557. 10.1097/01.jom.0000166864.58664.29.
21. Colquitt J.A. On the dimensionality of organizational justice: A construct validation of a measure. Journal of Applied Psychology 2001, 86:386-400. 10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.386.
22. Conte J.M., Jacobs R.R. Validity evidence linking polychronicity and big five personality dimensions to lateness, absence, and supervisory performance ratings. Human Performance 2003, 16:107-129. 10.1207/S15327043HUP1602_1.
23. Conti D.J., Burton W.N. The economic impact of depression in the workplace. Journal of Occupational Medicine 1994, 36:983-988.
24. Côté D., Haccoun R.R. L'absentéisme des femmes et des hommes: Une méta-analyse. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences 1991, 8:130-139. 10.1111/j.1936-4490.1991.tb00552.x.
25. Coxe S., West S.G., Aiken L.S. The analysis of count data: A gentle introduction to Poisson regression and its alternatives. Journal of Personality Assessment 2009, 91:121-136. 10.1080/00223890802634175.
26. Cycyota C.S., Harrison D.A. What (not) to expect when surveying executives: A meta-analysis of top manager response rates and techniques over time. Organizational Research Methods 2006, 9:133-160. 10.1177/1094428105280770.
27. Darr W., Johns G. Work strain, health, and absenteeism: A meta-analysis. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 2008, 13:293-318. 10.1037/a0012639.
28. De Boer E.M., Bakker A.B., Syroit J.E., Schaufeli W.B. Unfairness at work as a predictor of absenteeism. Journal of Organizational Behavior 2002, 23:181-197. 10.1002/job.135.
29. Demerouti E., Le Blanc P.M., Bakker A.B., Schaufeli W.B., Hox J. Present but sick: A three-wave study on job demands, presenteeism and burnout. Career Development International 2009, 14:50-68. 10.1108/13620430910933574.
30. Dew K., Keefe V., Small K. " Choosing" to work when sick: Workplace presenteeism. Social Science & Medicine 2005, 60:2273-2282.
31. Dierdorff E.C., Rubin R.S., Morgeson F.P. The milieu of managerial work: An integrative framework linking work context to role requirements. Journal of Applied Psychology 2009, 94:972-988. 10.1037/a0015456.
32. Edwards P., Whitston C. Attending to work: The management of attendance and shopfloor order 1993, Blackwell, Oxford.
33. Gaudine A., Gregory C. The accuracy of nurses' estimates of their absenteeism. Journal of Nursing Management 2010, 18:599-605. 10.1111/j.1365-2834.2010.01107.x.
34. Geurts S., Schaufeli W.B., Rutte C.G. Absenteeism, turnover intention and inequity in the employment relationship. Work & Stress 1999, 13:253-267. 10.1080/026783799296057.
35. Goetzel R.Z., Long S.R., Ozminkowski R.J., Hawkins K., Wang S., Lynch W. Health, absence, disability, and presenteeism cost estimates of certain physical and mental health conditions affecting U.S. employees. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004, 46:398-412. 10.1097/01.jom.0000121151.40413.bd.
36. Goldberg L.R. An alternative " description of personality": The Big Five factor structure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1990, 59:1216-1229. 10.1037/0022-3514.59.6.1216.
37. Grant A.M. The significance of task significance: Job performance effects, relational mechanisms, and boundary conditions. Journal of Applied Psychology 2008, 93:108-124. 10.1037/0021-9010.93.1.108.
38. Grant A.M., Parker S.K. Redesigning work design theories: The rise of relational and proactive perspectives. Academy of Management Annals 2009, 3:317-375. 10.1080/19416520903047327.
39. Grinyer A., Singleton V. Sickness absence as risk-taking behaviour: A study of organizational and cultural factors in the public sector. Health, Risk & Society 2000, 2:7-21. 10.1080/136985700111413.
40. Gustafsson K., Marklund S. Consequences of sickness presence and sickness absence on health and work ability: A Swedish prospective cohort study. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health 2011, 24:153-165. 10.2478/s13382-011-0013-3.
41. Hackett R.D. Age, tenure, and employee absenteeism. Human Relations 1990, 43:610-619. 10.1177/001872679004300701.
42. Hackett R.D., Bycio P., Guion R.M. Absenteeism among nurses: An idiographic-longitudinal analysis. Academy of Management Journal 1989, 32:424-453. 10.2307/256369.
43. Hammer L.B., Bauer T.N., Grandey A.A. Work-family conflict and work-related withdrawal behaviors. Journal of Business and Psychology 2003, 17:419-436. 10.1023/A:1022820609967.
44. Hansen C.D., Andersen J.H. Going ill to work: What personal circumstances, attitudes and work-related factors are associated with sickness presenteeism?. Social Science & Medicine 2008, 67:956-964. 10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.05.022.
45. Harrison D.A., Martocchio J.J. A time for absenteeism: A 20-year review of origins, offshoots, and outcomes. Journal of Management 1998, 24:305-350.
46. Hattrup K., O'Connell M.S., Wingate P.H. Prediction of multidimensional criteria: Distinguishing task and contextual performance. Human Performance 1998, 11:305-319. 10.1207/s15327043hup1104_1.
47. Hemp P. Presenteeism: At work-But out of it. Harvard Business Review 2004, 49-58.
48. Hilbe J.M. Negative binomial regression 2011, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA. 2nd ed.
49. Humphrey S.E., Nahrgang J.D., Morgeson F.P. Integrating motivational, social, and contextual work design features: A meta-analytic summary and theoretical extension of the work design literature. Journal of Applied Psychology 2007, 92:1332-1356. 10.1037/0021-9010.92.5.1332.
50. Idler E.L., Benyamini Y. Self-rated health and mortality: A review of twenty-seven community studies. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 1997, 38:21-37. 10.2307/2955359.
51. Iverson R.D., Deery S.J. Understanding the " personological" basis of employee withdrawal: The influence of affective disposition on employee tardiness, early departure, and absenteeism. Journal of Applied Psychology 2001, 86:856-866. 10.1037/0021-9010.86.5.856.
52. Johansson G., Lundberg I. Adjustment latitude and attendance requirements as determinants of sickness absence or attendance. Empirical tests of the illness flexibility model. Social Science & Medicine 2004, 58:1857-1868. 10.1016/S0277-9536(03)00407-6.
53. John O.P., Donahue E.M., Kentle R.L. The " Big Five" inventory, versions 4a and 5a 1991, University of California, Berkley, Institute of Personality and Social Research, Berkley, CA.
54. Johns G. Absenteeism estimates by employees and managers: Divergent perspectives and self-serving perceptions. Journal of Applied Psychology 1994, 79:229-239. 10.1037/0021-9010.79.2.229.
55. Johns G. How often were you absent? A review of the use of self-reported absence data. Journal of Applied Psychology 1994, 79:574-591. 10.1037/0021-9010.79.4.574.
56. Johns G. Contemporary research on absence from work: Correlates, causes, and consequences. International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology 1997, 12:115-174.
57. Johns G. The essential impact of context on organizational behavior. Academy of Management Review 2006, 31:386-408. 10.5465/AMR.2006.20208687.
58. Johns G. Absenteeism and presenteeism: Not at work or not working well. The Sage handbook of organizational behavior 2008, Vol. 1:160-177. Sage, London. C.L. Cooper, J. Barling (Eds.).
59. Johns G. Absenteeism or presenteeism? Attendance dynamics and employee well-being. The Oxford handbook of organizational well-being 2009, 7-30. Oxford University Press, Oxford. S. Cartwright, C.L. Cooper (Eds.).
60. Johns G. Presenteeism in the workplace: A review and research agenda. Journal of Organizational Behavior 2010, 31:519-542. 10.1002/job.630.
61. Johns, G. (in press). Presenteeism: A short history and a cautionary tale. In J. Houdmont, S. Leka, & R.R. Sinclair (Eds,), Contemporary occupational health psychology: Global perspectives on research and practice (Vol. 2). Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
62. Johns G., Nicholson N. The meanings of absence: New strategies for theory and research. Research in Organizational Behavior 1982, 4:127-172.
63. Johns G., Xie J.L., Fang Y. Mediating and moderating effects in job design. Journal of Management 1992, 18:657-676. 10.1177/014920639201800404.
64. Judge T.A., Martocchio J.J., Thoresen C.J. Five-factor model of personality and employee absence. Journal of Applied Psychology 1997, 82:745-755. 10.1037/0021-9010.82.5.745.
65. Jylhä M. What is self-rated health and why does it predict mortality? Towards a unified conceptual model. Social Science and Medicine 2009, 69:307-316. 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.05.013.
66. Koopman C., Pelletier K.R., Murray J.F., Sharda C.E., Berger M.L., Turpin R.S., Bendel T. Stanford Presenteeism Scale: Health status and employee productivity. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2002, 44:14-20.
67. Lam S.S.K., Schaubroeck J., Aryee S. Relationship between organizational justice and employee work outcomes: A cross-national study. Journal of Organizational Behavior 2002, 23:1-18. 10.1002/job.131.
68. László K.D., Pikhart H., Kopp M.S., Bobak M., Pajak A., Malyutina S., Marmot M. Job insecurity and health: A study of 16 European countries. Social Science & Medicine 2010, 70:867-874. 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.11.022.
69. Lerner D., Amick B.C., Rogers W.H., Malspeis S., Bungay K., Cynn D. The work limitations questionnaire. Medical Care 2001, 39:72-85. 10.1097/00005650-200101000-00009.
70. Leventhal G.S. The distribution of rewards and resources in groups and organizations. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 1976, 9:91-131. 10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60059-3.
71. Lofland J.H., Pizzi L., Frick K.D. A review of health-related workplace productivity loss instruments. Pharmacoeconomics 2004, 22:165-184. 10.2165/00019053-200422030-00003.
72. Lovell V. No time to be sick: Why everyone suffers when workers don't have paid sick leave 2004, Institute for Women's Policy Research, Washington, DC.
73. McCrae R.R., John O.P. An introduction to the five-factor model and its applications. Journal of Personality 1992, 60:175-215. 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1992.tb00970.x.
74. McKevitt C., Morgan M., Dundas R., Holland W.W. Sickness absence and " working through" illness: A comparison of two professional groups. Journal of Public Health Medicine 1997, 19:295-300.
75. Morgeson F.P., Humphrey S.E. The work design questionnaire (WDQ): Developing and validating a comprehensive measure for assessing job design and the nature of work. Journal of Applied Psychology 2006, 91:1321-1339. 10.1037/0021-9010.91.6.1321.
76. Mount M.K., Barrick R.M. The Big Five personality dimensions: Implications for research and practice in human resource management. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management 1995, 13:153-200.
77. Munir F., Yarker J., Haslam C., Long H., Leka S., Griffeths A., Cox S. Work factors related to psychological and health-related distress among employees with chronic illnesses. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation 2007, 17:259-277. 10.1007/s10926-007-9074-3.
78. Netemeyer R.G., Boles J.S., McMurrian Development and validation of work-family conflict and family-work conflict scales. Journal of Applied Psychology 1996, 81:400-410. 10.1037/0021-9010.81.4.400.
79. Ng T.W.H., Feldman D.C. The relationship of age to ten dimensions of job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology 2008, 93:392-423. 10.1037/0021-9010.93.2.392.
80. Ng T.W.H., Sorensen K.L., Eby L.T. Locus of control at work: A meta-analysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior 2006, 27:1057-1087. 10.1002/job.416.
81. Nicholson N., Johns G. The absence culture and the psychological contract - Who's in control of absence?. Academy of Management Review 1985, 10:397-407.
82. Patton, E. (in press) The devil is in the details: Judgments of responsibility and absenteeism from work. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology.
83. Patton E., Johns G. Women's absenteeism in the popular press: Evidence for a gender-specific absence culture. Human Relations 2007, 60:1579-1612. 10.1177/0018726707084301.
84. Payne R.L. Stress and strain at work: How much is there, who has the most and are things changing?. Research companion to organizational health psychology 2005, 111-121. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK. A.-S.G. Antoniou, C.L. Cooper (Eds.).
85. Prasad M., Wahlqvist P., Shikiar R., Shih Y.-C.T. A review of self-report instruments measuring health-related work productivity: A patient-reported outcomes perspective. Pharmacoeconomics 2004, 22:225-244. 10.2165/00019053-200422040-00002.
86. Probst T.M. Development and validation of the Job Security Index and the Job Security Satisfaction Scale: A classical test theory and IRT approach. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 2003, 76:451-467. 10.1348/096317903322591587.
87. Roth P.L., BeVier C.A. Response rates in HRM/OB survey research: Norms and correlates, 1990-1994. Journal of Management 1998, 24:97-117.
88. Saksvik P.Ø. Attendance pressure during organizational change. International Journal of Stress Management 1996, 3:47-59. 10.1007/BF01857888.
89. Sanderson K., Tilse E., Nicholson J., Oldenburg B., Graves N. Which presenteeism measures are more sensitive to depression and anxiety?. Journal of Affective Disorders 2007, 101:65-74. 10.1016/j.jad.2006.10.024.
90. Schultz A.B., Edington D.W. Employee health and presenteeism: A systematic review. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation 2007, 17:547-579. 10.1007/s10926-007-9096-x.
91. Schwarz N. Self-reports: How the questions shape the answers. American Psychologist 1999, 54:93-105. 10.1037/0003-066X.54.2.93.
92. Simpson R. Presenteeism, power and organizational change: Long hours as a career barrier and the impact on the working lives of women managers. British Journal of Management 1998, 9:S37-S50. 10.1111/1467-8551.9.s1.5.
93. Statistics Canada Work absence rates 2008 (catalogue no. 71-211-X) 2009, Minister of Industry, Ottawa.
94. Sturman M.C. Multiple approaches to analyzing count data in studies of individual differences: The propensity for type I errors, illustrated with the case of absenteeism prediction. Educational and Psychological Measurement 1999, 59:414-430. 10.1177/00131649921969956.
95. Tang K., Pitts S., Solway S., Beaton D. Comparison of the psychometric properties of four at-work disability measures in workers with shoulder or elbow disorders. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation 2009, 19:142-154. 10.1007/s10926-009-9171-6.
96. Tansey R.R., Hyman M.R. Public relations, advocacy ads, and the campaign against absenteeism during World War II. Business and Professional Ethics Journal 1992, 11:129-164.
97. ten Brummelhuis L.L., Bakker A.B., Euwema M.C. Is family-to-work interference related to co-workers' work outcomes?. Journal of Vocational Behavior 2010, 77:461-469. 10.1016/j.jvb.2010.06.001.
98. Turpin R.S., Ozminkowski R.J., Sharda C.E., Collins J.J., Berger M.L., Billotti G.M., Nicholson S. Reliability and validity of the Stanford Presenteeism Scale. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004, 46:1123-1133. 10.1097/01.jom.0000144999.35675.a0.
99. Vahtera J., Kivimaki M., Pentti J., Linna A., Virtanen M., Virtanen P., Ferrie J.E. Organisational downsizing, sickness absence, and mortality: 10-town prospective cohort study. British Medical Journal 2004, 328:555. 10.1136/bmj.37972.496262.0D.
100. van den Heuvel S.G., Geuskens G.A., Hooftman W.E., Koppes L.L.J., van den Bossche S.N.J. Productivity loss at work; health-related and work-related factors. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation 2010, 20:331-339. 10.1007/s10926-009-9219-7.
101. Virtanen M., Kivimäki M., Elovainio J., Vahtera J., Ferrie J.E. From insecure to secure employment: Changes in work, health, health related behaviours, and sickness absence. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003, 60:948-953. 10.1136/oem.60.12.948.
102. Virtanen M., Kivimäki M., Elovainio M., Virtanen P., Vhatera J. Local economy and sickness absence: Prospective cohort study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2005, 59:973-978. 10.1136/jech.2005.036236.
103. Voss M., Stark S., Alfredson L., Vingård E., Josephson M. Comparisons of self-reported and register data on sickness absence among public employees in Sweden. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2008, 65:61-67. 10.1136/oem.2006.031427.
104. Wallston K.A., Wallston B.S., De Vellis R. Development of the multidimensional health locus of control (MHLC) scales. Health Education Monographs 1978, 6:160-170.
105. Wang Q., Bowling N.A., Eschleman K.J. A meta-analytic examination of work and general locus of control. Journal of Applied Psychology 2010, 95:761-768. 10.1037/a0017707.
106. Widera E., Chang A., Chen H.L. Presenteeism: A public health hazard. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2010, 25:1244-1247. 10.1007/s11606-010-1422-x.
107. Worrall L., Cooper C., Campbell F. The new reality for UK managers: Perpetual change and employment instability. Work, Employment & Society 2000, 14:647-668.
108. Ybema J.F., van den Bos K. Effects of organizational justice on depressive symptoms and sickness absence: A longitudinal perspective. Social Science & Medicine 2010, 70:1609-1617. 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.01.027.
109. Zhang W., Gignac M.A.M., Beaton D., Tang K., Anis A.H. Productivity loss due to presenteeism among patients with arthritis: Estimates from 4 instruments. The Journal of Rheumatology 2010, 37:1805-1814. 10.3899/jrheum.100123.