메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 65, Issue 7, 2011, Pages 619-631

Racial Identity and Gender as Moderators of the Relationship Between Body Image and Self-esteem for African Americans

Author keywords

African Americans; Body satisfaction; Gender; Racial identity; Self esteem

Indexed keywords


EID: 80053561538     PISSN: 03600025     EISSN: 15732762     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11199-011-9962-z     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (46)

References (68)
  • 2
    • 0029088467 scopus 로고
    • Sociocultural influences on eating attitudes and behaviors, body image, and psychological functioning: A comparison of African-American, Asian-American, and Caucasian college women
    • doi:10.1002/1098-108X(199509)18:2&181::AID-EAT2260180211>3.0.CO;2-M
    • Akan, G. E., & Grilo, C. M. (1995). Sociocultural influences on eating attitudes and behaviors, body image, and psychological functioning: A comparison of African-American, Asian-American, and Caucasian college women. The International Journal of Eating Disorders, 18, 181-187. doi: 10. 1002/1098-108X(199509)18: 2< 181:: AID-EAT2260180211> 3. 0. CO; 2-M.
    • (1995) The International Journal of Eating Disorders , vol.18 , pp. 181-187
    • Akan, G.E.1    Grilo, C.M.2
  • 3
    • 0037256334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strong and large Black women? Exploring relationships between deviant womanhood and weight
    • doi:10.1177/0891243202238981
    • Beauboeuf-Lafontant, T. (2003). Strong and large Black women? Exploring relationships between deviant womanhood and weight. Gender & Society, 17, 111-121. doi: 10. 1177/0891243202238981.
    • (2003) Gender & Society , vol.17 , pp. 111-121
    • Beauboeuf-Lafontant, T.1
  • 4
    • 0033454289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceiving pervasive discrimination among African Americans: Implications for group identification and well-being
    • doi:10.1037/0022-3514.77.1.135
    • Branscombe, N. R., Schmitt, M. T., & Harvey, R. D. (1999). Perceiving pervasive discrimination among African Americans: Implications for group identification and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 135-149. doi: 10. 1037/0022-3514. 77. 1. 135.
    • (1999) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.77 , pp. 135-149
    • Branscombe, N.R.1    Schmitt, M.T.2    Harvey, R.D.3
  • 5
    • 49049095786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing a culture specific extension of objectification theory regarding African American women's body image
    • doi:10.1177/0011000008316322
    • Buchanan, T. S., Fischer, A. R., Tokar, D. M., & Yoder, J. D. (2008). Testing a culture specific extension of objectification theory regarding African American women's body image. Counseling Psychologist, 36, 697-718. doi: 10. 1177/0011000008316322.
    • (2008) Counseling Psychologist , vol.36 , pp. 697-718
    • Buchanan, T.S.1    Fischer, A.R.2    Tokar, D.M.3    Yoder, J.D.4
  • 7
    • 0345291270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive-behavioral perspectives on body image
    • T. F. Cash and T. Pruzinsky (Eds.), New York: Guilford Press
    • Cash, T. F. (2002). Cognitive-behavioral perspectives on body image. In T. F. Cash & T. Pruzinsky (Eds.), Body image: A handbook of theory, research and clinical practice (pp. 41-42). New York: Guilford Press.
    • (2002) Body Image: A Handbook of Theory, Research and Clinical Practice , pp. 41-42
    • Cash, T.F.1
  • 8
    • 0000683463 scopus 로고
    • The development and validation of the Body-Image Ideals Questionnaire
    • doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa6403_6
    • Cash, T. F., & Szymanski, M. L. (1995). The development and validation of the Body-Image Ideals Questionnaire. Journal of Personality Assessment, 64, 466-477. doi: 10. 1207/s15327752jpa6403_6.
    • (1995) Journal of Personality Assessment , vol.64 , pp. 466-477
    • Cash, T.F.1    Szymanski, M.L.2
  • 9
    • 66349131991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intersectionality and research in psychology
    • doi:10.1037/a0014564
    • Cole, E. R. (2009). Intersectionality and research in psychology. The American Psychologist, 64, 170-180. doi: 10. 1037/a0014564.
    • (2009) The American Psychologist , vol.64 , pp. 170-180
    • Cole, E.R.1
  • 12
    • 0000537417 scopus 로고
    • Social stigma and self-esteem: The self-protective properties of stigma
    • doi:10.1037/0033-295X.96.4.608
    • Crocker, J., & Major, B. (1989). Social stigma and self-esteem: The self-protective properties of stigma. Psychological Review, 96, 608-630. doi: 10. 1037/0033-295X. 96. 4. 608.
    • (1989) Psychological Review , vol.96 , pp. 608-630
    • Crocker, J.1    Major, B.2
  • 13
    • 0242676958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contingencies of self-worth in college students: Theory and measurement
    • doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.5.894
    • Crocker, J., Luhtanen, R. K., Cooper, M. L., & Bouvrette, A. (2003). Contingencies of self-worth in college students: Theory and measurement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 894-908. doi: 10. 1037/0022-3514. 85. 5. 894.
    • (2003) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.85 , pp. 894-908
    • Crocker, J.1    Luhtanen, R.K.2    Cooper, M.L.3    Bouvrette, A.4
  • 14
    • 0034244656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body image: Gender, ethnic, and age differences
    • doi:10.1080/00224540009600485
    • Demarest, J., & Allen, R. (2000). Body image: Gender, ethnic, and age differences. The Journal of Social Psychology, 140, 465-472. doi: 10. 1080/00224540009600485.
    • (2000) The Journal of Social Psychology , vol.140 , pp. 465-472
    • Demarest, J.1
  • 16
    • 0001197224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black in a blonde world: Race and girls' interpretations of the feminine ideal in teen magazines
    • Duke, L. (2000). Black in a blonde world: Race and girls' interpretations of the feminine ideal in teen magazines. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 77, 367-392.
    • (2000) Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly , vol.77 , pp. 367-392
    • Duke, L.1
  • 17
    • 0032851859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African American's mental health and perceptions of racist discrimination: The moderating effects of racial socialization experiences and self-esteem
    • doi:10.1037/0022-0167.46.3.395
    • Fischer, A. R., & Shaw, C. M. (1999). African American's mental health and perceptions of racist discrimination: The moderating effects of racial socialization experiences and self-esteem. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 46, 395-407. doi: 10. 1037/0022-0167. 46. 3. 395.
    • (1999) Journal of Counseling Psychology , vol.46 , pp. 395-407
    • Fischer, A.R.1    Shaw, C.M.2
  • 19
    • 0842346778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing moderator and mediator effects in counseling psychology research
    • doi:10.1037/0022-0167.51.1.115
    • Frazier, P., Tix, A. P., & Barron, K. E. (2004). Testing moderator and mediator effects in counseling psychology research. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51, 115-134. doi: 10. 1037/0022-0167. 51. 1. 115.
    • (2004) Journal of Counseling Psychology , vol.51 , pp. 115-134
    • Frazier, P.1    Tix, A.P.2    Barron, K.E.3
  • 20
    • 0032113854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • That swimsuit becomes you: Sex differences in self-objectification, restrained eating, and math performance
    • doi:10.1037/0022-3514.75.1.269
    • Fredrickson, B. L., Roberts, T., Noll, S. M., Quinn, D. M., & Twenge, J. M. (1998). That swimsuit becomes you: Sex differences in self-objectification, restrained eating, and math performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 269-284. doi: 10. 1037/0022-3514. 75. 1. 269.
    • (1998) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.75 , pp. 269-284
    • Fredrickson, B.L.1    Roberts, T.2    Noll, S.M.3    Quinn, D.M.4    Twenge, J.M.5
  • 21
    • 0041368466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body image dissatisfaction: Gender differences in eating attitudes, self-esteem, and reasons for exercise
    • doi:10.1080/00223980209604820
    • Furnham, A. (2002). Body image dissatisfaction: Gender differences in eating attitudes, self-esteem, and reasons for exercise. The Journal of Psychology, 136, 581-596. doi: 10. 1080/00223980209604820.
    • (2002) The Journal of Psychology , vol.136 , pp. 581-596
    • Furnham, A.1
  • 22
    • 67349258603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body image concerns and contingent self-esteem in male and female college students
    • doi:10.1007/s11199-008-9535-y
    • Grossbard, J. R., Lee, C. M., Neighbors, C., & Larimer, M. E. (2009). Body image concerns and contingent self-esteem in male and female college students. Sex Roles, 60, 198-207. doi: 10. 1007/s11199-008-9535-y.
    • (2009) Sex Roles , vol.60 , pp. 198-207
    • Grossbard, J.R.1    Lee, C.M.2    Neighbors, C.3    Larimer, M.E.4
  • 24
    • 84970532371 scopus 로고
    • Family, self, and sociocultural contributions to body-image attitudes of African-American women
    • doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1995.tb00282.x
    • Harris, S. M. (1995). Family, self, and sociocultural contributions to body-image attitudes of African-American women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 19, 129-145. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1471-6402. 1995. tb00282. x.
    • (1995) Psychology of Women Quarterly , vol.19 , pp. 129-145
    • Harris, S.M.1
  • 26
    • 76449084374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic identity and maladaptive eating: Expectancies about eating and thinness in African American women
    • doi:10.1037/a0013455
    • Henrickson, H. C., Crowther, J. H., & Harrington, E. F. (2010). Ethnic identity and maladaptive eating: Expectancies about eating and thinness in African American women. Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 16, 87-93. doi: 10. 1037/a0013455.
    • (2010) Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology , vol.16 , pp. 87-93
    • Henrickson, H.C.1    Crowther, J.H.2    Harrington, E.F.3
  • 27
    • 0033158895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender and ethnic differences in the relationship between body esteem and self-esteem
    • doi:10.1080/00223989909599748
    • Henriques, G. R., & Calhoun, L. G. (1999). Gender and ethnic differences in the relationship between body esteem and self-esteem. The Journal of Psychology, 133, 357-368. doi: 10. 1080/00223989909599748.
    • (1999) The Journal of Psychology , vol.133 , pp. 357-368
    • Henriques, G.R.1    Calhoun, L.G.2
  • 28
    • 0025863017 scopus 로고
    • Body image dissatisfaction in homosexual and heterosexual males
    • doi:10.1097/00005053-199106000-00009
    • Herzog, D. B., Newman, K. L., & Warshaw, M. (1991). Body image dissatisfaction in homosexual and heterosexual males. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 179, 356-359. doi: 10. 1097/00005053-199106000-00009.
    • (1991) The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , vol.179 , pp. 356-359
    • Herzog, D.B.1    Newman, K.L.2    Warshaw, M.3
  • 29
    • 0026561654 scopus 로고
    • Body image satisfaction in homosexual and heterosexual women
    • doi:10.1002/1098-108X(199205)11:4&391::AID-EAT2260110413>3.0.CO;2-F
    • Herzog, D. B., Newman, K. L., Yeh, C. J., & Warshaw, M. (1992). Body image satisfaction in homosexual and heterosexual women. The International Journal of Eating Disorders, 11, 391-396. doi: 10. 1002/1098-108X(199205)11: 4< 391:: AID-EAT2260110413> 3. 0. CO; 2-F.
    • (1992) The International Journal of Eating Disorders , vol.11 , pp. 391-396
    • Herzog, D.B.1    Newman, K.L.2    Yeh, C.J.3    Warshaw, M.4
  • 30
    • 85044799209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial identity and the development of body image issues among African American adolescent girls
    • Hesse-Biber, S. N. (2004). Racial identity and the development of body image issues among African American adolescent girls. The Qualitative Report, 9, 49-79.
    • (2004) The Qualitative Report , vol.9 , pp. 49-79
    • Hesse-Biber, S.N.1
  • 31
    • 0036488932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skin color and the perception of attractiveness among African Americans: Does gender make a difference?
    • doi:10.2307/3090169
    • Hill, M. E. (2002). Skin color and the perception of attractiveness among African Americans: Does gender make a difference? Social Psychology Quarterly, 6, 77-91. doi: 10. 2307/3090169.
    • (2002) Social Psychology Quarterly , vol.6 , pp. 77-91
    • Hill, M.E.1
  • 32
    • 0038667796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trios: A psychological theory of the African legacy in American culture
    • doi:10.1111/1540-4560.t01-1-00014
    • Jones, J. M. (2003). Trios: A psychological theory of the African legacy in American culture. The Journal of Social Issues, 59, 217-242. doi: 10. 1111/1540-4560. t01-1-00014.
    • (2003) The Journal of Social Issues , vol.59 , pp. 217-242
    • Jones, J.M.1
  • 33
    • 0031982772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of body mass index and learned resourcefulness skills on body image and lifestyle practices
    • doi:10.1016/S0738-3991(97)00049-9
    • Kennet, D. J., & Nisbet, C. (1998). The influence of body mass index and learned resourcefulness skills on body image and lifestyle practices. Patient Education and Counseling, 33, 1-12. doi: 10. 1016/S0738-3991(97)00049-9.
    • (1998) Patient Education and Counseling , vol.33 , pp. 1-12
    • Kennet, D.J.1    Nisbet, C.2
  • 34
    • 0033970856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of western culture on women's attitudes to eating and perceptions of body shape
    • doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-108X(200001)27:1&83::AID-EAT9>3.0.CO;2-J
    • Lake, A. J., Staiger, P. K., & Glowinski, H. (2000). Effect of western culture on women's attitudes to eating and perceptions of body shape. The International Journal of Eating Disorders, 27, 83-89. doi: 10. 1002/(SICI)1098-108X(200001)27: 1< 83:: AID-EAT9> 3. 0. CO; 2-J.
    • (2000) The International Journal of Eating Disorders , vol.27 , pp. 83-89
    • Lake, A.J.1    Staiger, P.K.2    Glowinski, H.3
  • 35
    • 0035164771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cultural expectations of muscularity in men: The evolution of Playgirl centerfolds
    • doi:10.1002/1098-108X(200101)29:1&90::AID-EAT15>3.0.CO;2-F
    • Leit, R. A., Pope, H. G., & Gray, J. J. (2001). Cultural expectations of muscularity in men: The evolution of Playgirl centerfolds. The International Journal of Eating Disorders, 29, 90-93. doi: 10. 1002/1098-108X(200101)29: 1< 90:: AID-EAT15> 3. 0. CO; 2-F.
    • (2001) The International Journal of Eating Disorders , vol.29 , pp. 90-93
    • Leit, R.A.1    Pope, H.G.2    Gray, J.J.3
  • 36
    • 0032864969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attitudes toward gender roles, self-esteem, and body image: Application of a model
    • Lennon, S. J., Rudd, N. A., Sloan, B., & Kim, J. S. (1999). Attitudes toward gender roles, self-esteem, and body image: Application of a model. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 17, 191-202.
    • (1999) Clothing and Textiles Research Journal , vol.17 , pp. 191-202
    • Lennon, S.J.1    Rudd, N.A.2    Sloan, B.3    Kim, J.S.4
  • 38
    • 14544297890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The social psychology of stigma
    • doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.56.091103.070137
    • Major, B., & O'Brien, L. T. (2005). The social psychology of stigma. Annual Review of Psychology, 56, 393-421. doi: 10. 1146/annurev. psych. 56. 091103. 070137.
    • (2005) Annual Review of Psychology , vol.56 , pp. 393-421
    • Major, B.1    O'Brien, L.T.2
  • 39
    • 34547408331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceived discrimination as worldview threat or worldview confirmation: Implications for self-esteem
    • doi:10.1037/0022-3514.92.6.1068
    • Major, B., Kaiser, C. R., O'Brien, L. T., & McCoy, S. K. (2007). Perceived discrimination as worldview threat or worldview confirmation: Implications for self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 1068-1086. doi: 10. 1037/0022-3514. 92. 6. 1068.
    • (2007) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.92 , pp. 1068-1086
    • Major, B.1    Kaiser, C.R.2    O'Brien, L.T.3    McCoy, S.K.4
  • 40
    • 84986397810 scopus 로고
    • Black women's self-perceptions of attractiveness following exposure to white versus black beauty standards: The moderating role of racial identity and self-esteem
    • doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb02632.x
    • Makkar, J. K., & Strube, M. J. (1995). Black women's self-perceptions of attractiveness following exposure to white versus black beauty standards: The moderating role of racial identity and self-esteem. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 25, 1547-1566. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1559-1816. 1995. tb02632. x.
    • (1995) Journal of Applied Social Psychology , vol.25 , pp. 1547-1566
    • Makkar, J.K.1    Strube, M.J.2
  • 42
    • 40549140781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-objectification and well-being: The impact of self-objectification on women's overall sense of self-worth and life satisfaction
    • doi:10.1007/s11199-007-9357-3
    • Mercurio, A. E., & Landry, L. J. (2008). Self-objectification and well-being: The impact of self-objectification on women's overall sense of self-worth and life satisfaction. Sex Roles, 58, 458-466. doi: 10. 1007/s11199-007-9357-3.
    • (2008) Sex Roles , vol.58 , pp. 458-466
    • Mercurio, A.E.1    Landry, L.J.2
  • 43
    • 0001179014 scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in the nature, realism, and correlates of body image
    • doi:10.1007/BF00287483
    • Mintz, L. B., & Betz, N. E. (1986). Sex differences in the nature, realism, and correlates of body image. Sex Roles, 15, 195-195. doi: 10. 1007/BF00287483.
    • (1986) Sex Roles , vol.15 , pp. 195
    • Mintz, L.B.1    Betz, N.E.2
  • 44
    • 0032398926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body image and self-esteem: A comparison of African-American and Caucasian women
    • doi:10.1023/A:1018782527302
    • Molloy, B. L., & Herzberger, S. D. (1998). Body image and self-esteem: A comparison of African-American and Caucasian women. Sex Roles, 38, 631-643. doi: 10. 1023/A: 1018782527302.
    • (1998) Sex Roles , vol.38 , pp. 631-643
    • Molloy, B.L.1    Herzberger, S.D.2
  • 45
    • 0024337605 scopus 로고
    • The role of skin color and features in the Black community: Implications for Black women and therapy
    • doi:10.1016/0272-7358(89)90060-3
    • Neal, A. (1989). The role of skin color and features in the Black community: Implications for Black women and therapy. Clinical Psychology Review, 9, 323-333. doi: 10. 1016/0272-7358(89)90060-3.
    • (1989) Clinical Psychology Review , vol.9 , pp. 323-333
    • Neal, A.1
  • 46
    • 0001972955 scopus 로고
    • African philosophy: Foundations for Black psychology
    • 3rd edn., R. L. Jones (Ed.), Hampton: Cobb & Henry
    • Nobles, W. (1991). African philosophy: Foundations for Black psychology. In R. L. Jones (Ed.), Black psychology (3rd ed., pp. 47-63). Hampton: Cobb & Henry.
    • (1991) Black Psychology , pp. 47-63
    • Nobles, W.1
  • 47
    • 0002812354 scopus 로고
    • Black women and the politics of skin color and hair
    • doi:10.1300/J015V06N01_07
    • Okazawa-Rey, M., Robinson, T., & Ward, J. V. (1987). Black women and the politics of skin color and hair. Women & Therapy, 6, 89-102. doi: 10. 1300/J015V06N01_07.
    • (1987) Women & Therapy , vol.6 , pp. 89-102
    • Okazawa-Rey, M.1    Robinson, T.2    Ward, J.V.3
  • 48
    • 0036582840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and BMI in relation to self-perception of overweight
    • Paeratakul, S., White, M. A., Williamson, D. A., Ryan, D. H., & Bray, G. A. (2002). Sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and BMI in relation to self-perception of overweight. Obesity Research, 10, 345-350.
    • (2002) Obesity Research , vol.10 , pp. 345-350
    • Paeratakul, S.1    White, M.A.2    Williamson, D.A.3    Ryan, D.H.4    Bray, G.A.5
  • 49
    • 84937286339 scopus 로고
    • Body image and weight concerns among African-American and white adolescent females: Differences that make a difference
    • Parker, S., Nichter, M., Nichter, M., Vuckovic, C. S., & Ritenbaugh, C. (1995). Body image and weight concerns among African-American and white adolescent females: Differences that make a difference. Human Organization, 54, 103-14.
    • (1995) Human Organization , vol.54 , pp. 103-114
    • Parker, S.1    Nichter, M.2    Nichter, M.3    Vuckovic, C.S.4    Ritenbaugh, C.5
  • 50
    • 33845611540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The politics of protection: Body image, social pressures, and the misrepresentation of young black women
    • doi:10.1007/s11199-006-9129-5
    • Poran, M. A. (2006). The politics of protection: Body image, social pressures, and the misrepresentation of young black women. Sex Roles, 55, 739-755. doi: 10. 1007/s11199-006-9129-5.
    • (2006) Sex Roles , vol.55 , pp. 739-755
    • Poran, M.A.1
  • 51
    • 34247597298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of ethnicity and culture in body image and disordered eating among males
    • doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2007.01.016
    • Ricciardelli, L., McCabe, M., Williams, R., & Thompson, J. K. (2007). The role of ethnicity and culture in body image and disordered eating among males. Clinical Psychology Review, 27, 582-606. doi: 10. 1016/j. cpr. 2007. 01. 016.
    • (2007) Clinical Psychology Review , vol.27 , pp. 582-606
    • Ricciardelli, L.1    McCabe, M.2    Williams, R.3    Thompson, J.K.4
  • 53
    • 0032014695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between racial identity and self-esteem in African American college and high school students
    • doi:10.1037/0022-3514.74.3.715
    • Rowley, S. J., Sellers, R. M., Chavous, T. M., & Smith, M. A. (1998). The relationship between racial identity and self-esteem in African American college and high school students. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 715-724. doi: 10. 1037/0022-3514. 74. 3. 715.
    • (1998) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.74 , pp. 715-724
    • Rowley, S.J.1    Sellers, R.M.2    Chavous, T.M.3    Smith, M.A.4
  • 54
    • 0031515523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multidimensional inventory of Black identity: A preliminary investigation of reliability and construct validity
    • doi:10.1037/0022-3514.73.4.805
    • Sellers, R. M., Rowley, S. A. J., Chavous, T. M., Shelton, J. N., & Smith, M. A. (1997). Multidimensional inventory of Black identity: A preliminary investigation of reliability and construct validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 805-815. doi: 10. 1037/0022-3514. 73. 4. 805.
    • (1997) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.73 , pp. 805-815
    • Sellers, R.M.1    Rowley, S.A.J.2    Chavous, T.M.3    Shelton, J.N.4    Smith, M.A.5
  • 55
    • 21944442573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multidimensional model of racial identity: A reconceptualization of African American racial identity
    • doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0201_2
    • Sellers, R. M., Smith, M., Shelton, J. N., Rowley, S. J., & Chavous, T. M. (1998). Multidimensional model of racial identity: A reconceptualization of African American racial identity. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2, 18-39. doi: 10. 1207/s15327957pspr0201_2.
    • (1998) Personality and Social Psychology Review , vol.2 , pp. 18-39
    • Sellers, R.M.1    Smith, M.2    Shelton, J.N.3    Rowley, S.J.4    Chavous, T.M.5
  • 56
    • 33751541337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of an intersectional framework to understand Black women's racial and gender identities
    • doi:10.1007/s11199-006-9029-8
    • Settles, I. H. (2006). Use of an intersectional framework to understand Black women's racial and gender identities. Sex Roles, 54, 589-601. doi: 10. 1007/s11199-006-9029-8.
    • (2006) Sex Roles , vol.54 , pp. 589-601
    • Settles, I.H.1
  • 57
    • 84970198866 scopus 로고
    • Black consciousness, self-esteem, and satisfaction with physical appearance among African American college students
    • Smith, L. R., Burlew, A. K., & Lundgren, A. C. (1991). Black consciousness, self-esteem, and satisfaction with physical appearance among African American college students. Journal of Black Studies, 22, 269-284.
    • (1991) Journal of Black Studies , vol.22 , pp. 269-284
    • Smith, L.R.1    Burlew, A.K.2    Lundgren, A.C.3
  • 58
    • 33847324107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of images of African American women in hip hop on early adolescents' attitudes toward physical attractiveness and interpersonal relationships
    • doi:10.1007/s11199-006-9145-5
    • Stephens, D. P., & Few, A. L. (2007). The effects of images of African American women in hip hop on early adolescents' attitudes toward physical attractiveness and interpersonal relationships. Sex Roles, 56, 251-264. doi: 10. 1007/s11199-006-9145-5.
    • (2007) Sex Roles , vol.56 , pp. 251-264
    • Stephens, D.P.1    Few, A.L.2
  • 59
    • 6344265249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No longer just a pretty face: Fashion magazines' depictions of ideal female beauty from 1959 to 1999
    • doi:10.1002/eat.20039
    • Sypeck, M. F., Gray, J. J., & Ahrens, A. H. (2004). No longer just a pretty face: Fashion magazines' depictions of ideal female beauty from 1959 to 1999. The International Journal of Eating Disorders, 36, 342-347. doi: 10. 1002/eat. 20039.
    • (2004) The International Journal of Eating Disorders , vol.36 , pp. 342-347
    • Sypeck, M.F.1    Gray, J.J.2    Ahrens, A.H.3
  • 61
    • 34248632836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African American body image: Identity and physical self-acceptance
    • Thompson, V. L. S. (2006). African American body image: Identity and physical self-acceptance. Humboldt Journal of Social Relations, 30, 44-67.
    • (2006) Humboldt Journal of Social Relations , vol.30 , pp. 44-67
    • Thompson, V.L.S.1
  • 63
    • 0039698118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race and self-esteem: Meta-analysis comparing Whites, Blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and American Indians and comment on Gray-Little and Hafdahl (2000)
    • doi:10.1037/0033-2909.128.3.371
    • Twenge, J. M., & Crocker, J. (2002). Race and self-esteem: Meta-analysis comparing Whites, Blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and American Indians and comment on Gray-Little and Hafdahl (2000). Psychological Bulletin, 128, 371-408. doi: 10. 1037/0033-2909. 128. 3. 371.
    • (2002) Psychological Bulletin , vol.128 , pp. 371-408
    • Twenge, J.M.1    Crocker, J.2
  • 65
    • 50449083006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between body image and body mass index in college men
    • doi:10.3200/JACH.57.1.95-100
    • Watkins, J. A., Christie, C., & Chally, P. (2008). Relationship between body image and body mass index in college men. Journal of American College Health, 57, 95-100. doi: 10. 3200/JACH. 57. 1. 95-100.
    • (2008) Journal of American College Health , vol.57 , pp. 95-100
    • Watkins, J.A.1    Christie, C.2    Chally, P.3
  • 68
    • 68049115528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rap music videos and African American women's body image: The moderating role of ethnic identity
    • doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2009.01415.x
    • Zhang, Y., Dixon, T. L., & Conrad, K. (2009). Rap music videos and African American women's body image: The moderating role of ethnic identity. The Journal of Communication, 59, 262-278. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1460-2466. 2009. 01415. x.
    • (2009) The Journal of Communication , vol.59 , pp. 262-278
    • Zhang, Y.1    Dixon, T.L.2    Conrad, K.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.