On the Specificity of Face Cognition Compared With General Cognitive Functioning Across Adult Age

Psychology and Aging

Volumn 26, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 701-715

  Hildebrandt, Andrea ^a   Wilhelm, Oliver ^a   Schmiedek, Florian ^b   Herzmann, Grit ^c   Sommer, Werner ^a  

^a HUMBOLDT UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^b GERMAN INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

Author keywords

Abstract cognition; Adult lifespan; Face cognition

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; AGING; ARTICLE; COGNITION; FACE; FACE COGNITION; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; LIFESPAN; MALE; MEMORY; NEUROIMAGING; NORMAL HUMAN; SENESCENCE; SOCIAL ASPECT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE FACTORS; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; AGING; COGNITION; FACE; FEMALE; HUMANS; INDIVIDUALITY; LEARNING; MALE; MEMORY, SHORT-TERM; MIDDLE AGED; RECOGNITION (PSYCHOLOGY); REPRESSION, PSYCHOLOGY; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 80052898629     PISSN: 08827974     EISSN: 19391498     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0023056     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. Andreasen N.C., O'Leary D.S., Arndt S., Cizadlo T., Hurtig R., Rezai K., Hichwa R.D. Neural substrates of facial recognition. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 1996, 8:139-146.
2. Balinsky B. An analysis of the mental factors of various age groups from nine to sixty. Genetic Psychology Monographs 1941, 23:191-234.
3. Baltes P.B., Lindenberger U. Emergence of a powerful connection between sensory and cognitive functions across the adult life span: A new window to the study of cognitive aging?. Psychology and Aging 1997, 12:12-21. 10.1037/0882-7974.12.1.12.
4. Beauchamp M.H., Anderson V. SOCIAL: An integrative framework for the development of social skills. Psychological Bulletin 2010, 136:39-64. 10.1037/a0017768.
5. Benton A.L., Eslinger P.J., Damasio A.R. Normative observations on neuropsychological test performances in old age. Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology 1981, 3:33-42. 10.1080/01688638108403111.
6. Bollen K.A. Structural equations with latent variables 1989, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
7. Boutet I., Faubert J. Recognition of faces and complex objects in younger and older adults. Memory and Cognition 2006, 34:854-864. 10.3758/BF03193432.
8. Browne M.W., Du Toit S.H. Automated fitting of nonstandard models. Multivariate Behavioral Research 1992, 27:269-300. 10.1207/s15327906mbr2702_13.
9. Bukach C.M., Gauthier I., Tarr M.J. Beyond faces and modularity: The power of an expertise framework. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 2006, 10:159-166. 10.1016/j.tics.2006.02.004.
10. Cabeza R. Hemispheric asymmetry reduction in older adults: The HAROLD model. Psychology and Aging 2002, 17:85-100. 10.1037/0882-7974.17.1.85.
11. Cattell R.B. Abilities: Their structure, growth, and action 1971, Houghton Mifflin, Boston.
12. Chaby L., Jemel B., George N., Renault B., Fiori N. An ERP study of famous face incongruity detection in middle age. Brain & Cognition 2001, 45:357-377. 10.1006/brcg.2000.1272.
13. Davis S.W., Dennis N.A., Daselaar S.M., Fleck M.S., Cabeza R. Que PASA? The posterior-anterior shift in aging. Cerebral Cortex 2008, 18:1201-1209. 10.1093/cercor/bhm155.
14. Desimone R. Face-selective cells in the temporal cortex of monkeys. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 1991, 3:1-8. 10.1162/jocn.1991.3.1.1.
15. Ebner N.C., Johnson M.K. Young and older emotional faces: Are there age-group differences in expression identification and memory?. Emotion 2009, 9:329-339.
16. Farah M.J., Klein K.L., Levinson K.L. Face perception and within-category discrimination in prosopagnosia. Neuropsychologia 1995, 33:661-674. 10.1016/0028-3932(95)00002-K.
17. Farah M.J., Wilson K.D., Drain M., Tanaka J.N. What is " special" about face perception?. Psychological Review 1998, 105:482-498. 10.1037/0033-295X.105.3.482.
18. Folstein M.F., Folstein S.E., McHugh P.R. Mini-Mental State. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research 1975, 12:189-198. 10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6.
19. Fulton A., Bartlett J.C. Young and old faces in young and old heads: The factor of age in face recognition. Psychology and Aging 1991, 6:623-630.
20. Garrett H.E. Differentiable mental traits. Psychological Record 1938, 2:259-298.
21. Garrett H.E. A developmental theory of intelligence. American Psychologist 1946, 1:372-378. 10.1037/h0056380.
22. Gauthier I., Bukach C. Should we reject the expertise hypothesis?. Cognition 2007, 103:322-330. 10.1016/j.cognition.2006.05.003.
23. Ghisletta P., de Ribaupierre A. A dynamic investigation of cognitive dedifferentiation with control for retest: Evidence from the Swiss Interdisciplinary Longitudinal Study on the Oldest Old. Psychology and Aging 2005, 20:671-682. 10.1037/0882-7974.20.4.671.
24. Ghisletta P., Lindenberger U. Static and dynamic longitudinal structural analyses of cognitive changes in old age. Gerontology 2004, 50:12-16. 10.1159/000074383.
25. Grady C.L., Maisog J.M., Horwitz B., Ungerleider L.G., Mentis M.J., Salerno J.A., Pietrini P., Wagner E., Haxby J.V. Age-related changes in cortical blood flow activation during visual processing of faces and locations. Journal of Neuroscience 1994, 14:1450-1462.
26. Gustafsson J.-E., Balke G. General and specific abilities as predictors of school achievement. Multivariate Behavioral Research 1993, 28:407-434. 10.1207/s15327906mbr2804_2.
27. Härting C., Markowitsch H.J., Neufeld H., Calabrese P., Deisinger K., Kessler J. Die Wechsler-Memory-Scale-revised 2000, Huber, Bern, (German Adaptation).
28. Haxby J.V., Horwitz B., Ungerleider L.G., Maisog J.M., Pietrini P., Grady C.L. The functional organization of human extrastriate cortex: A PET-rCBF study of selective attention to faces and locations. Journal of Neuroscience 1994, 14:6336-6353.
29. Haxby J.V., Ungerleider L.G., Clark V.P., Schouten J.L., Hoffman E.A., Martin A. The effect of face inversion on activity in human neural systems for face and object perception. Neuron 1999, 22:189-199. 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80690-X.
30. Herzmann G., Danthiir V., Schacht A., Sommer W., Wilhelm O. Toward a comprehensive test battery for face cognition: Assessment of the tasks. Behavior Research Methods 2008, 40:840-857. 10.3758/BRM.40.3.840.
31. Hildebrandt A., Sommer W., Herzmann G., Wilhelm O. Structural invariance and age-related performance differences in face cognition. Psychology and Aging 2010, 25:794-810.
32. Hildebrandt A., Wilhelm O., Robitzsch A. Complementary and competing factor analytic approaches for the investigation of measurement invariance. Review of Psychology 2009, 16:87-102.
33. Horn J.L., McArdle J.J. A practical and theoretical guide to measurement invariance in aging research. Experimental Aging Research 1992, 18:117-144.
34. Hunt T. The measurement of social intelligence. Journal of Applied Psychology 1928, 12:317-334. 10.1037/h0075832.
35. Juan-Espinosa M., García L.F., Escorial S., Rebollo I., Colom R., Abad F.J. Age dedifferentiation hypothesis: Evidence from the WAIS III. Intelligence 2002, 30:1-14. 10.1016/S0160-2896(02)00092-2.
36. Kane M.J., Hambrick D.Z., Tuholski S.W., Wilhelm O., Payne T.W., Engle R.W. The generality of working memory capacity. A latent-variable approach to verbal and visuospatial memory span and reasoning. Journal of Experimental Psychology General 2004, 133:189-217. 10.1037/0096-3445.133.2.189.
37. Kanwisher N., McDermott J., Chun M.M. The fusiform face area: A module in human extrastriate cortex specialized for face perception. Journal of Neuroscience 1997, 17:4302-4311.
38. Keightley M.L., Winocur G., Burianova H., Hongwanishkul D., Grady C.L. Age effects on social cognition: Faces tell a different story. Psychology and Aging 2006, 21:558-572. 10.1037/0882-7974.21.3.558.
39. Klein A., Moosbrugger H. Maximum likelihood estimation of latent interaction effects with the LMS method. Psychometrika 2000, 65:457-474. 10.1007/BF02296338.
40. Kline R.B. Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling 2005, The Guilford Press, New York.
41. Kyllonen P.C., Christal R.E. Reasoning ability is (little more than) working-memory capacity?!. Intelligence 1990, 14:389-433. 10.1016/S0160-2896(05)80012-1.
42. Li S.-C., Lindenberger U., Hommel B., Aschersleben G., Prinz W., Baltes P.B. Lifespan transformations in the couplings of mental abilities and underlying cognitive processes. Psychological Science 2004, 15:155-163. 10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.01503003.x.
43. Li S.-C., Lindenberger U., Sikström S. Aging cognition: From neuromodulation to representation. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 2001, 5:479-486. 10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01769-1.
44. Lindenberger U., Pötter U. The complex nature of unique and shared effects in hierarchical linear regression: Implications for developmental psychology. Psychological Methods 1998, 3:218-230. 10.1037/1082-989X.3.2.218.
45. Little R.J.A. A test of missing completely at random for multivariate data with missing values. Journal of the American Statistical Association 1988, 83:1198-1202. 10.2307/2290157.
46. Little T.D., Card N.A., Slegers D.W., Ledford E.C. Representing contextual effects in multiple-group MACS models. Modeling contextual effects in longitudinal studies 2007, 121-147. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, Mahwah, NJ. T.D. Little, J.A. Bovaird, N.A. Card (Eds.).
47. Lövdén M., Lindenberger U. Development of intellectual abilities in old age. From age gradients to individuals. Handbook of understanding and measuring intelligence 2005, 203-221. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA. O. Wilhelm, R.W. Engle (Eds.).
48. Matthews G., Zeidner M., Roberts R.D. Emotional intelligence: Science and myth 2002, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
49. Maurer D., Le Grand R., Mondloch C.J. The many faces of configural processing. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 2002, 6:255-260. 10.1016/S1364-6613(02)01903-4.
50. McKone E., Kanwisher N., Duchaine B.C. Can generic expertise explain special processing for faces?. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 2006, 11:8-15. 10.1016/j.tics.2006.11.002.
51. Meredith W. Measurement invariance, factor analysis and factorial invariance. Psychometrika 1993, 58:525-543. 10.1007/BF02294825.
52. Muthén L.K., Muthén B.O. Mplus user's guide 1998-2007, Muthén and Muthén, Los Angeles, CA. Fifth edition.
53. Nyberg L., Maitland S.B., Rönnlund M., Bäckman L., Dixon R.A., Wahlin A., Nilsson L.-G. Selective adult age differences in an age-invariant multifactor model of declarative memory. Psychology and Aging 2003, 18:149-160. 10.1037/0882-7974.18.1.149.
54. Oberauer K., Schulze R., Wilhelm O., Süß H.-M. Working memory and intelligence - Their correlation and their relation: Comment on Ackerman, Beier, and Boyle (2005). Psychological Bulletin 2005, 131:61-65. 10.1037/0033-2909.131.1.61.
55. Oberauer K., Süß H.-M., Schulze R., Wilhelm O., Wittmann W.W. Working memory capacity-facets of a cognitive ability construct. Personality and Individual Differences 2000, 29:1017-1045. 10.1016/S0191-8869(99)00251-2.
56. Park D.C. The basic mechanisms accounting for age-related decline in cognitive function. Cognitive aging: A primer 2000, 3-22. Psychological Press, Philadelphia, PA. D.C. Park, N. Schwarz (Eds.).
57. Park D.C., Polk T.A., Mikels J.A., Taylor S.F., Marshuetz C. Cerebral aging: Integration of brain and behavioral models of cognitive function. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience 2001, 3:151-165.
58. Park D.C., Polk T.A., Park R., Minear M., Savage A., Smith M.R. Aging reduces neural specialization in ventral visual cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 2004, 101:13091-13095. 10.1073/pnas.0405148101.
59. Park D.C., Reuter-Lorenz P. The adaptive brain: Aging and neurocognitive scaffolding. Annual Review of Psychology 2009, 60:173-196. 10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093656.
60. Payer D., Marshuetz C., Sutton B., Hebrank A., Welsh R.C., Park D.C. Decreased neural specialization in old adults on a working memory task. NeuroReport 2006, 17:487-491. 10.1097/01.wnr.0000209005.40481.31.
61. Preacher K.J., Rucker D.D., MacCallum R.C., Nicewander W.A. Use of the extreme groups approach: A critical reexamination and new recommendations. Psychological Methods 2005, 10:178-192. 10.1037/1082-989X.10.2.178.
62. Raven J.C., Court J.H., Raven J. Manual for Raven's Progressive Matrices and Vocabulary Scales 1979, H. K. Lewis & Co, London.
63. Rhodes M.G., Castel A.D., Jacoby L.L. Associative recognition of face pairs by younger and older adults: The role of familiarity-based processing. Psychology and Aging 2008, 23:239-249.
64. Roberts R.D., Zeidner M., Matthews G. Does emotional intelligence meet traditional standards for an intelligence? Some new data and conclusions. Emotion 2001, 3:196-231. 10.1037/1528-3542.1.3.196.
65. Salthouse T.A. The processing-speed theory of adult age differences in cognition. Psychological Review 1996, 103:403-428. 10.1037/0033-295X.103.3.403.
66. Schaie K.W. Emotional intelligence: Psychometric status and developmental characteristics-Comment on Roberts, Zeidner, and Matthews (2001). Emotion 2001, 3:243-248. 10.1037/1528-3542.1.3.243.
67. Schaie K.W., Maitland S.B., Willis S.L., Intrieri R.C. Longitudinal invariance of adult psychometric ability factor structures across seven years. Psychology and Aging 1998, 13:8-20. 10.1037/0882-7974.13.1.8.
68. Schmiedek F., Hildebrandt A., Lövden M., Wilhelm O., Lindenberger U. Complex span versus updating tasks of working memory: The gap is not that deep. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2009, 35:1089-1096. 10.1037/a0015730.
69. Schmiedek F., Li S.-C. Toward an alternative representation for disentangling age-associated differences in general and specific cognitive abilities. Psychology and Aging 2004, 19:40-56. 10.1037/0882-7974.19.1.40.
70. Schulze R. Modeling structures of intelligence. Handbook of understanding and measuring intelligence 2005, 241-263. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA. O. Wilhelm, R.W. Engle (Eds.).
71. Searcy J.H., Bartlett J.C., Memon A. Age differences in accuracy and choosing in eyewitness identification and face recognition. Memory and Cognition 1999, 27:538-552. 10.3758/BF03211547.
72. Tucker-Drob E.M. Differentiation of cognitive abilities across the life span. Developmental Psychology 2009, 45:1097-1118. 10.1037/a0015864.
73. Tucker-Drob E.M., Salthouse T.A. Adult age trends in the relations among cognitive abilities. Psychology and Aging 2008, 23:453-460. 10.1037/0882-7974.23.2.453.
74. Valentine T. A unified account of the effects of distinctiveness, inversion, and race in face recognition. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 1991, 43A:161-204.
75. Weis S., Süß H.-M. Reviving the search for social intelligence-A multitrait-multimethod study of its structure and construct validity. Personality and Individual Differences 2007, 42:3-14. 10.1016/j.paid.2006.04.027.
76. Wickham L.H.V., Morris P.E., Fritz C.O. Facial distinctiveness: Its measurement, distribution and influence on immediate and delayed recognition. British Journal of Psychology 2000, 91:99-123. 10.1348/000712600161709.
77. Wiese H., Schweinberger S.R., Hansen K. The age of the beholder: ERP evidence of an own-age bias in face memory. Neuropsychologia 2008, 46:2973-2985. 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.06.007.
78. Wilhelm O., Herzmann G., Kunina O., Danthiir V., Schacht A., Sommer W. Individual differences in face cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2010, 99:530-548. 10.1037/a0019972.
79. Wilhelm O., Herzmann G., Kunina O., Sommer W. Face cognition: A set of distinct mental abilities [19.03.2010]. http://hdl.handle.net/10101/npre.2007.1385.1.
80. Zhu Q., Song Y., Hu S., Li X., Tian M., Zhen Z., Liu J. Heritability of the specific cognitive ability of face perception. Current Biology 2010, 20:137-142. 10.1016/j.cub.2009.11.067.