New developments in geriatric surgery

Current Problems in Surgery

Volumn 48, Issue 10, 2011, Pages 670-754

  Zenilman, Michael E ^a   Chow, Warren B ^b   Ko, Clifford Y ^b   Ibrahim, Andrew M ^c   Makary, Martin A ^d   Lagoo Deenadayalan, Sandhya ^e   Dardik, Alan ^f   Boyd, Casey A ^g   Riall, Taylor S ^g   Sosa, Julie A ^f   Tummel, Evan ^h   Gould, Lisa J ⁱ   Segev, Dorry L ^d   Berger, Jonathan C ^d  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^e DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^f YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^g UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MEDICAL BRANCH   (United States)

^h UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA   (United States)

ⁱ VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BISPHOSPHONIC ACID DERIVATIVE; CALCIMIMETIC AGENT; CALCITRIOL; ENDOTOXIN; ESTROGEN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; SALCATONIN; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR;

ABDOMINAL AORTA ANEURYSM; AGING; AORTA RECONSTRUCTION; ARTICLE; CAROTID ENDARTERECTOMY; COMORBIDITY; ELDERLY CARE; ESTROGEN THERAPY; GERIATRIC SURGERY; HOSPITAL DISCHARGE; HUMAN; IMMUNE SYSTEM; IMMUNOLOGY; KIDNEY FAILURE; KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION; LENGTH OF STAY; LEUKOCYTE FUNCTION; LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION; MACROPHAGE; MORBIDITY; NEUTROPHIL; NONHUMAN; OSTEOPOROSIS; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PANCREAS RESECTION; PATIENT ASSESSMENT; PHOTOAGING; PLASTIC SURGERY; PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEPSIS; SURGICAL MORTALITY; SURGICAL RISK; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE; SURVIVAL; T LYMPHOCYTE; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION; VASCULAR SURGERY; WOUND HEALING;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; COMORBIDITY; FEMALE; FRAIL ELDERLY; GERIATRICS; HUMANS; HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT (HEALTH CARE); PANCREATECTOMY; PERIOPERATIVE CARE; QUALITY OF LIFE; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEPSIS; SURGICAL PROCEDURES, OPERATIVE; UNITED STATES; VASCULAR SURGICAL PROCEDURES; WOUND HEALING;

EID: 80052684139     PISSN: 00113840     EISSN: 15356337     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1067/j.cpsurg.2011.06.002     Document Type: Article

References (198)

1. Katz P.R., Burton J.R., Drach G.W., et al. The Jahnigen scholars program: a model for faculty career development. J Am Geriatr Soc 2009, 57(12):2324-2327.
2. DeFrances C.J., Lucas C.A., Buie V.C., et al. National Hospital Discharge Survey. Natl Health Stat Rep 2008, 5:1-20.
3. Cullen K.A., Hall M.J., Golosinskiy A. Ambulatory surgery in the United States. Natl Health Stat Report 2009, 11:1-25.
4. Etzioni D.A., Liu J.H., O'Connell J.B., et al. Elderly patients in surgical workloads: a population-based analysis. Am Surg 2003, 69(11):961-965.
5. Fung C.H., Hays R.D. Prospects and challenges in using patient-reported outcomes in clinical practice. Qual Life Res 2008, 17(10):1297-1302.
6. Bentrem D.J., Cohen M.E., Hynes D.M., et al. Identification of specific quality improvement opportunities for the elderly undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. Arch Surg 2009, 144(11):1013-1020.
7. Makary M.A., Segev D.L., Pronovost P.J., et al. Frailty as a predictor of surgical outcomes in older patients. J Am Coll Surg 2010, 210(6):901-908.
8. Robinson T.N., Raeburn C.D., Tran Z.V., et al. Postoperative delirium in the elderly: risk factors and outcomes. Ann Surg 2009, 249(1):173-178.
9. Birkmeyer J.D., Dimick J.B., Birkmeyer N.J. Measuring the quality of surgical care: structure, process, or outcomes?. J Am Coll Surg 2004, 198(4):626-632.
10. McGory M.L., Kao K.K., Shekelle P.G., et al. Developing quality indicators for elderly surgical patients. Ann Surg 2009, 250(2):338-347.
11. Jha A.K., Orav E.J., Ridgway A.B., et al. Does the Leapfrog program help identify high-quality hospitals?. Joint Comm J Qual Patient Saf 2008, 34(6):318-325.
12. Specifications Manual for National Hospital Inpatient Quality Measures [Cited 2010 September 7], version 3.1a. http://www.jointcommission.org/PerformanceMeasurement/PerformanceMeasurement/Current+NHQM+Manual.htm.
13. Khuri S.F., Daley J., Henderson W., et al. The Department of Veterans Affairs' NSQIP: the first national, validated, outcome-based, risk-adjusted, and peer-controlled program for the measurement and enhancement of the quality of surgical care. National VA Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Ann Surg 1998, 228(4):491-507.
14. Khuri S.F. The NSQIP: a new frontier in surgery. Surgery 2005, 138(5):837-843.
15. Kohn L.T., Corrigan J., Donaldson M.S. To Err Is Human: Building A Safer Health System 2000, vol xxi. National Academies Press, Washington, D.C.
16. Saklad M. Grading of patients for surgical procedures. Anesthesiology 1941, 2:281-284.
17. Eagle K.A., Berger P.B., Calkins H., et al. Guideline update for perioperative cardiovascular evaluation for noncardiac surgery-Executive summary: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Update the 1996 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery). J Am Coll Cardiol 2002, (39):542-553.
18. Lee T.H., Marcantonio E.R., Mangione C.M., et al. Derivation and prospective validation of a simple index for prediction of cardiac risk of major noncardiac surgery. Circulation 1999, 100:1043-1049.
19. Fried L.P., Tangen C.M., Walston J., et al. Frailty in older adults: Evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2001, 56:M146-M156.
20. Varadhan R., Walston J., Cappola A.R., et al. Higher levels and blunted diurnal variation of cortisol in frail older women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2008, 63:190-195.
21. Leng S.X., Cappola A.R., Andersen R.E., et al. Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), and their relationships with serum interleukin-6, in the geriatric syndrome of frailty. Aging Clin Exp Res 2004, 16:153-157.
22. Walston J., McBurnie M.A., Newman A., et al. Cardiovascular Health Study. Frailty and activation of the inflammation and coagulation systems with and without clinical comorbidities: results from the cardiovascular health study. Arch Intern Med 2002, 162:2333-2341.
23. Hubbard R.E., Woodhouse K.W. Frailty, inflammation and the elderly. Biogerontology 2010, 11:635-641.
24. Radloff L.S. The CES-D scale. A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Measure 1977, 1:401.
25. Fried L.P., Borhani N.O., Enright P., et al. The cardiovascular health study: Design and rationale. Ann Epidemiol 1991, 1:263-276.
26. Woods N.F., LaCroix A.Z., Gray S.L., et al. Frailty: emergence and consequences in women aged 65 and older in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2005, 53:1321-1330.
27. Klein B.E., Klein R., Knudtson M.D., et al. Frailty, morbidity and survival. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2005, 41:141-149.
28. Newman A.B., Gottdiener J.S., Mcburnie M.A., et al. Associations of subclinical cardiovascular disease with frailty. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2001, 56:M158-M166.
29. Sündermann S., Dademasch A., Praetorius J., et al. Comprehensive assessment of frailty for elderly high-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2010, 39:33-37.
30. Martin G.S., Mannino D.M., Moss M. The effect of age on the development and outcome of adult sepsis. Crit Care Med 2006, 34:15-21.
31. Strausbaugh L.J. Emerging health care-associated infections in the geriatric population. Emerging Infect Dis 2001, 7(2):268-271.
32. Jacobzone S. Coping with aging: international challenges. Health Aff (Millwood) 2000, 19(3):213-225.
33. Hotchkiss R.S., Karl I.E. The pathophysiology and treatment of sepsis. N Engl J Med 2003, 348(2):138-150.
34. Angus D.C., Linde-Zwirble W.T., Lidicker J., et al. Epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States: analysis of incidence, outcome, and associated costs of care. Crit Care Med 2001, 29(7):1303-1310.
35. Oberholzer A., Oberholzer C., Moldawer L.L. Sepsis syndromes: understanding the role of innate and acquired immunity. Shock 2001, 16(2):83-96.
36. Gon Y., Hashimoto S., Hayashi S., et al. Lower serum concentrations of cytokines in elderly patients with pneumonia and the impaired production of cytokines by peripheral blood monocytes in the elderly. Clin Exp Immunol 1996, 106(1):120-126.
37. Tamandl D., Bahrami M., Wessner B., et al. Modulation of Toll-like receptor 4 expression on human monocytes by tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6: tumor necrosis factor evokes lipopolysaccharide hyporesponsiveness, whereas interleukin-6 enhances lipopolysaccharide activity. Shock 2003, 20(3):224-229.
38. Boehmer E.D., Goral J., Faunce D.E., et al. Age-dependent decrease in Toll-like receptor 4-mediated proinflammatory cytokine production and mitogen-activated protein kinase expression. J Leukoc Biol 2004, 75(2):342-349.
39. Renshaw M., Rockwell J., Engleman C., et al. Cutting edge: impaired Toll-like receptor expression and function in aging. J Immunol 2002, 169(9):4697-4701.
40. Madan B., Batra S., Ghosh B. 2'-hydroxychalcone inhibits nuclear factor-kappaB and blocks tumor necrosis factor-alpha- and lipopolysaccharide-induced adhesion of neutrophils to human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Mol Pharmacol 2000, 58(3):526-534.
41. Nakagawa R., Naka T., Tsutsui H., et al. SOCS-1 participates in negative regulation of LPS responses. Immunity 2002, 17:677-687.
42. Randow F., Syrbe U., Meisel C., et al. Mechanism of endotoxin desensitization: involvement of interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor beta. J Exp Med 1995, 181:1887-1892.
43. Chang C.K., LoCicero J. Overexpressed nuclear factor kappaB correlates with enhanced expression of interleukin-1beta and inducible nitric oxide synthase in aged murine lungs to endotoxic stress. Ann Thorac Surg 2004, 77(4):1222-1227. [Discussion 1227].
44. Talwar S., Munson P.J., Barb J., et al. Gene expression profiles of peripheral blood leukocytes after endotoxin challenge in humans. Physiol Genom 2006, 25(2):203-215.
45. Fannin R.D., Auman J.T., Bruno M.E., et al. Differential gene expression profiling in whole blood during acute systemic inflammation in lipopolysaccharide-treated rats. Physiol Genom 2005, 21:92-104.
46. Bates D.J., Liang R., Li N., et al. The impact of noncoding RNA on the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of aging. Biochim Biophys Acta 2009, 1790:970-979.
47. Levy M.M., Dellinger R.P., Townsend S.R., et al. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign: results of an international guideline-based performance improvement program targeting severe sepsis. Intensive Care Med 2010, 36(2):222-231.
48. Vogel T.R., Dombrovskiy V.Y., Lowry S.F. Trends in postoperative sepsis: are we improving outcomes?. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2009, 10(1):71-78.
49. Aydogdu M., Gursel G. Predictive factors for septic shock in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia. South Med J 2008, 101(12):1222-1226.
50. Moore L.J., Moore F.A., Todd S.R., et al. Sepsis in general surgery: the 2005-2007 national surgical quality improvement program perspective. Arch Surg 2010, 145(7):695-700.
51. Johnston K.W. Multicenter prospective study of nonruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. Part II. Variables predicting morbidity and mortality. J Vasc Surg 1989, 9(3):437-447.
52. Steyerberg E.W., Kievit J., de Mol Van Otterloo J.C., et al. Perioperative mortality of elective abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. A clinical prediction rule based on literature and individual patient data. Arch Intern Med 1995, 155:1998-2004.
53. Koskas F., Kieffer E. Long-term survival after elective repair of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm: results of a prospective multicentric study. Association for Academic Research in Vascular Surgery (AURC). Ann Vasc Surg 1997, 11(5):471-481.
54. Komori K., Takeuchi K., Ohta S., et al. Factors influencing late survival after abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in Japanese patients. Surgery 1999, 122(5):545-552.
55. Biancari F., Ylönen K., Anttila V., et al. Durability of open repair of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm: A 15-year follow-up study. J Vasc Surg 2002, 35(1):87-93.
56. O'Hara P.J., Hertzer N.R., Krajewski L.P., et al. Ten-year experience with abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in octogenarians: early results and late outcome. J Vasc Surg 1995, 21(5):830-837.
57. Schlösser F.J., Vaartjes I., van der Heijden G.J., et al. Mortality after elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Ann Surg 2010, 251(1):158-164.
58. Landry G., Lau I., Liem T., et al. Open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in the endovascular era: effect of clamp site on outcomes. Arch Surg 2009, 144(9):811-816.
59. Patel M.S., Brown D.A., Wilson S.E. Relevance of the ADAM and UK Small Aneurysm trial data in the age of endovascular aneurysm repair. Arch Surg 2009, 144(9):806-810.
60. Veith F.J., Lachat M., Mayer D., et al. Collected world and single center experience with endovascular treatment of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms. Ann Surg 2009, 250(5):818-824. RAAA Investigators.
61. NASCET collaborators. Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis. N Engl J Med 1991, 15:445-453. North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators.
62. Endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. Executive Committee for the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study. JAMA 1995, 10:1421-1428. ACAS Collaborators.
63. Alamowitch S., Eliasziw M., Algra A., et al. Risk, causes, and prevention of ischaemic stroke in elderly patients with symptomatic internal-carotid-artery stenosis. Lancet 2001, 357:1154-1160. North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET) Group.
64. Roques X.F., Baudet E.M., Clerc F. Results of carotid endarterectomy in patients 75 years of age and older. J Cardiovasc Surg 1991, 32:726-731.
65. Hobson R.W., Howard V.J., Roubin G.S., et al. Carotid artery stenting is associated with increased complications in octogenarians: 30-day stroke and death rates in the CREST lead-in phase. J Vasc Surg 2004, 40(6):1106-1111.
66. Mas J.L., Trinquart L., Leys D., et al. Endarterectomy Versus Angioplasty in Patients with Symptomatic Severe Carotid Stenosis (EVA-3S) trial: results up to 4 years from a randomised, multicentre trial. Lancet Neurol 2008, 7(10):885-892.
67. Bazan H.A., Pradhan S., Mojibian H., et al. Increased aortic arch calcification in patients older than 75 years: implications for carotid artery stenting in elderly patients. J Vasc Surg 2007, 46(5):841-845.
68. Goodney P.P., Nolan B.W., Schanzer A., et al. Factors associated with death 1 year after lower extremity bypass in Northern New England. J Vasc Surg 2010, 51(1):71-78. Vascular Study Group of Northern New England.
69. Green R.M., Abbott W.M., Matsumoto T., et al. Prosthetic above-knee femoropopliteal bypass grafting: five-year results of a randomized trial. J Vasc Surg 2000, 31:417-425.
70. Lau H., Cheng S.W. Long-term prognosis of femoropopliteal bypass: an analysis of 349 consecutive revascularizations. Aust NZ J Surg 2001, 71:335-340.
71. Hearn A.T., Smith J.M., Welling R.E., et al. Analysis of autogenous vein femoral-infrapopliteal bypass for limb salvage in the elderly. Cardiovasc Surg 1996, 4:105-109.
72. Herrera F.A., Kohanzadeh S., Nasseri Y., et al. Management of vascular graft infections with soft tissue flap coverage: improving limb salvage rates-a Veterans Affairs experience. Am Surg 2009, 75(10):877-881.
73. Kudo F.A., Warycha B., Juran P.J., et al. Differential responsiveness of early- and late-passage endothelial cells to shear stress. Am J Surg 2005, 190(5):763-769.
74. Kudo F.A., Muto A., Maloney S.P., et al. Venous identity is lost but arterial identity is not gained during vein graft adaptation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007, 27(7):1562-1571.
75. Pimiento J.M., Maloney S.P., Tang P.C., et al. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase stimulates aneurysm growth in aged mice. J Vasc Res 2008, 45(3):251-258.
76. Jemal A., Siegel R., Xu J., et al. Cancer Statistics 2010. CA Cancer J Clin 2010, 60(5):277-300.
77. Medscape, Accessed July 15, 2010. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/537123_3.
78. Riall T.S., Cameron J.L., Lillemoe K.D., et al. Resected periampullary adenocarcinoma: 5-year survivors and their 6- to 10-year follow-up. Surgery 2006, 140(5):764-772.
79. Geer R.J., Brennan M.F. Prognostic indicators for survival after resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Am J Surg 1993, 165(1):68-72. [Discussion 63-72].
80. Kennedy E.P., Rosato E.L., Sauter P.K., et al. Initiation of a critical pathway for pancreaticoduodenectomy at an academic institution: the first step in multidisciplinary team building. J Am Coll Surg 2007, 204(5):917-923. [Discussion 914-23].
81. Porter G.A., Pisters P.W., Mansyur C., et al. Cost and utilization impact of a clinical pathway for patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy. Ann Surg Oncol 2000, 7(7):484-489.
82. Sohn T.A., Yeo C.J., Cameron J.L., et al. Resected adenocarcinoma of the pancreas-616 patients: results, outcomes, and prognostic indicators. J Gastrointest Surg 2000, 4(6):567-579.
83. Trede M., Schwall G., Saeger H.D. Survival after pancreatoduodenectomy: 118 consecutive resections without an operative mortality. Ann Surg 1990, 211(4):447-458.
84. Riall T.S., Nealon W.H., Goodwin J.S., et al. Pancreatic cancer in the general population: Improvements in survival over the last decade. J Gastrointest Surg 2006, 10(9):1212-1223. [Discussion 1214-23].
85. Bilimoria K.Y., Bentrem D.J., Ko C.Y., et al. National failure to operate on early stage pancreatic cancer. Ann Surg 2007, 246(2):173-180.
86. Cress R.D., Yin D., Clarke L., et al. Survival among patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas: a population-based study (United States). Cancer Causes Control 2006, 17(4):403-409.
87. Riall T.S., Sheffield K.M., Kuo Y., et al. Resection benefits older patients with locoregional pancreatic cancer despite increased short-term morbidity and mortality. Am Geriatr Soc 2011, 59(4):647-654.
88. Fong Y., Blumgart L.H., Fortner J.G., et al. Pancreatic or liver resection for malignancy is safe and effective for the elderly. Ann Surg 1995, 222(4):426-434. [Discussion 427-34].
89. Richter A., Schwab M., Lorenz D., et al. Surgical therapy of pancreatic carcinoma in elderly patients over 70. Langenbecks Arch Chir Suppl Kongressbd 1996, 113:492-494. [in German].
90. Sohn T.A., Yeo C.J., Cameron J.L., et al. Should pancreaticoduodenectomy be performed in octogenarians?. J Gastrointest Surg 1998, 2(3):207-216.
91. al-Sharaf K., Andren-Sandberg A., Ihse I. Subtotal pancreatectomy for cancer can be safe in the elderly. Eur J Surg 1999, 165:230-235.
92. Bottger T.C., Engelmann R., Junginger T. Is age a risk factor for major pancreatic surgery?. An analysis of 300 resections. Hepato Gastroenterol 1999, 46(28):2589-2598.
93. Bathe O.F., Levi D., Caldera H., et al. Radical resection of periampullary tumors in the elderly: evaluation of long-term results. World J Surg 2000, 24(3):353-358.
94. Hodul P., Tansey J., Golts E., et al. Age is not a contraindication to pancreaticoduodenectomy. Am Surg 2001, 67(3):270-275. [Discussion 275-6].
95. Brozzetti S., Mazzoni G., Miccini M., et al. Surgical treatment of pancreatic head carcinoma in elderly patients. Arch Surg 2006, 141(2):137-142.
96. Makary M.A., Winter J.M., Cameron J.L., et al. Pancreaticoduodenectomy in the very elderly. J Gastrointest Surg 2006, 10(3):347-356.
97. Scurtu R., Bachellier P., Oussoultzoglou E., et al. Outcome after pancreaticoduodenectomy for cancer in elderly patients. J Gastrointest Surg 2006, 10(6):813-822.
98. Riall T.S., Reddy D.M., Nealon W.H., et al. The effect of age on short-term outcomes after pancreatic resection: a population-based study. Ann Surg 2008, 248(3):459-467. [Discussion 465-67].
99. Finlayson E., Fan Z., Birkmeyer J.D. Outcomes in octogenarians undergoing high-risk cancer operation: a national study. J Am Coll Surg 2007, 205(6):729-734.
100. Ho V., Heslin M.J. Effect of hospital volume and experience on in-hospital mortality for pancreaticoduodenectomy. Ann Surg 2003, 237(4):509-514.
101. van Heek N.T., Kuhlmann K.F., Scholten R.J., et al. Hospital volume and mortality after pancreatic resection: a systematic review and an evaluation of intervention in the Netherlands. Ann Surg 2005, 242(6):781-788. [Discussion 788-90].
102. Birkmeyer J.D., Sun Y., Goldfaden A., et al. Volume and process of care in high-risk cancer surgery. Cancer 2006, 106(11):2476-2481.
103. Kotwall C.A., Maxwell J.G., Brinker C.C., et al. National estimates of mortality rates for radical pancreaticoduodenectomy in 25,000 patients. Ann Surg Oncol 2002, 9:847-854.
104. Gouma D.J., van Geenen R.C., van Gulik T.M., et al. Rates of complications and death after pancreaticoduodenectomy: risk factors and the impact of hospital volume. Ann Surg 2000, 232(6):786-795.
105. Gordon T.A., Bowman H.M., Tielsch J.M., et al. Statewide regionalization of pancreaticoduodenectomy and its effect on in-hospital mortality. Ann Surg 1998, 228(1):71-78.
106. Riall T.S. What is the effect of age on pancreatic resection?. Advances in Surgery 2009, 236-237. Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA. J.L. Cameron (Ed.).
107. Shelby H. Age and sex-related incidence of primary hyperparathyroidism. World J Surg 2008, 32:800.
108. Lowe H., McMahon D.J., Rubin M.R., et al. Normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism: Further characterization of a new clinical phenotype. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007, 92(8):3001-3005.
109. Schram M.T., Trompet S., Kamper A.M., et al. Serum calcium and cognitive function in old age. J Am Geriatr Soc 2007, 55:1786.
110. Roman S.A., Sosa J.A., Mayes L., et al. Parathyroidectomy improves neurocognitive deficits in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Surgery 2005, 138:1121-1129.
111. Morris G.S., Grubbs E.G., Hearon C.M., et al. Parathyroidectomy improves functional capacity in "asymptomatic" older patients with primary hyperparathyroidism: a randomized control trial. Ann Surg 2010, 251(5):832-837.
112. Udelsman R., Pasieka J.L., Sturgeon C., et al. Surgery for asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism: Proceedings of the third International Workshop. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009, 94:366.
113. Diamond T., Ng A.T., Levy S., et al. Estrogen replacement may be an alternative to parathyroid surgery for the treatment of osteoporosis in elderly postmenopausal women presenting with primary hyperparathyroidism: a preliminary report. Osteoporos Int 1996, 6:329.
114. Pfeifer M., Begerow B., Minne H.W., et al. Effects of a short-term vitamin D(3) and calcium supplementation on blood pressure and parathyroid hormone levels in elderly women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001, 86:1633.
115. Irvin G.L., Carneiro D.M. Limited parathyroidectomy in geriatric patients. Ann Surg 2001, 233:612.
116. Tamura Y., Araki A., Chiba Y., et al. Remarkable increase in lumbar spine bone mineral density and amelioration in biochemical markers of bone turnover after parathyroidectomy in elderly patients with primary hyperparathyroidism: a 5-year follow-up study. J Bone Miner Metab 2007, 25:226.
117. Chen H., Parkerson S., Udelsman R. Parathyroidectomy in the elderly: do the benefits outweigh the risks?. World J Surg 1998, 22:531.
118. Bachar G., Gilat H., Mizrachi A., et al. Comparison of perioperative management and outcome of parathyroidectomy between older and younger patients. Head Neck 2008, 30:1415.
119. Young V.N., Osborne K.M., Fleming M.M., et al. Parathyroidectomy in the elderly population: Does age really matter?. Laryngoscope 2010, 120:247-252.
120. Egan K.R., Adler J.T., Olson J.E., et al. Parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism in octogenarians and nonagenarians: A risk-benefit analysis. J Surg Res 2007, 140:194-198.
121. Kebebew E., Duh Q.Y., Clark O.H. Parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism in octogenarians and nonagenarians: a plea for early surgical referral. Arch Surg 2003, 138:867-871.
122. Thomas D.C., Roman S.A., Sosa J.A. Parathyroidectomy in the elderly: Analysis of 7313 patients. J Surg Res 2011, Mar 31, [Epub ahead of print].
123. Pasieka J.L., Parsons L.L., Demeure M.J., et al. Patient-based surgical outcome tool demonstrating alleviation of symptoms following parathyroidectomy in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. World J Surg 2002, 26:942.
124. Sims R., Ubhi C., Hosking D. Hyperparathyroidism in the elderly patient. Drugs Aging 2004, 21:1013.
125. Zanocco K., Angelos P., Sturgeon C. Cost-effectiveness analysis of parathyroidectomy for asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism. Surgery 2006, 140(6):874-888.
126. Cosmetic Surgery National Databank Statistics. American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 2009 Accessed 25 July, 2011. http://media.lasvegassun.com/media/pdfs/blogs/documents/2009/03/25/2008stats.pdf.
127. Yaar M., Eller M.S., Gilchrest B.A. Fifty years of skin aging. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 2002, 7(1):51-58.
128. Gilchrest B.A., Vrabel M.A., Flynn E., et al. Selective cultivation of human melanocytes from newborn and adult epidermis. J Invest Dermatol 1984, 83:370-376.
129. Jeanmaire C., Danoux L., Pauly G. Glycation during human dermal intrinsic and actinic ageing: an in vivo and in vitro model study. Br J Dermatol 2001, 145:10-18.
130. Tanaka N., Tajima S., Ishibashi A., et al. Immunohistochemical detection of lipid peroxidation products, protein-bound acrolein and 4-hydroxynonenal protein adducts, in actinic elastosis of photodamaged skin. Arch Dermatol Res 2001, 293:363-367.
131. Sander C.S., Chang H., Salzmann S., et al. Photoaging is associated with protein oxidation in human skin in vivo. J Invest Dermatol 2002, 118(4):618-625.
132. Silverman E.M., Silverman A.G. Granulocyte adherence in the elderly. Am J Clin Pathol 1977, 67:49-52.
133. Mustoe T.A., O'Shaughnessy K., Kloeters O. Chronic wound pathogenesis and current treatment strategies: a unifying hypothesis. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006, 117:35-41.
134. Cohen B.J., Danon D., Roth G.S. Wound repair in mice as influenced by age and antimacrophage serum. J Gerontol 1987, 42:295-301.
135. Danon D., Kowatch M.A., Roth G.S. Promotion of wound repair in old mice by local injection of macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1989, 86:2018-2020.
136. Swift M.E., Burns A.L., Gray K.L., et al. Age-related alterations in the inflammatory response to dermal injury. J Invest Dermatol 2001, 117:1027-1035.
137. Mascarucci P., Taub D., Saccani S., et al. Age-related changes in cytokine production by leukocytes in rhesus monkeys. Aging (Milano) 2001, 13:85-94.
138. Plackett T.P., Schilling E.M., Faunce D.E., et al. Aging enhances lymphocyte cytokine defects after injury. FASEB J 2003, 17:688-689.
139. Plisko A., Gilchrest B.A. Growth factor responsiveness of cultured human fibroblasts declines with age. J Gerontol 1983, 38:513-518.
140. Reed M.J., Ferara N.S., Vernon R.B. Impaired migration, integrin function, and actin cytoskeletal organization in dermal fibroblasts from a subset of aged human donors. Mech Ageing Dev 2001, 122:1203-1220.
141. Yamaura H., Matsuzawa T. Decrease in capillary growth during aging. Exp Gerontol 1980, 15:145-150.
142. Arthur W.T., Vernon R.B., Sage E.H., et al. Growth factors reverse the impaired sprouting of microvessels from aged mice. Microvasc Res 1998, 55:260-270.
143. Ashcroft G.S., Horan M.A., Herrick S.E., et al. Age-related differences in the temporal and spatial regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in normal skin and acute cutaneous wounds of healthy humans. Cell Tissue Res 1997, 290:581-591.
144. Ashcroft G.S., Herrick S.E., Tarnuzzer R.W., et al. Human ageing impairs injury-induced in vivo expression of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 and -2 proteins and mRNA. J Pathol 1997, 183:169-176.
145. Shah M., Foreman D.M., Ferguson M.W. Control of scarring in adult wounds by neutralising antibody to transforming growth factor beta. Lancet 1992, 339:213-214.
146. Sussman M.D. Aging of connective tissue: physical properties of healing wounds in young and old rats. Am J Physiol 1973, 224:1167-1171.
147. Halasz N.A. Dehiscence of laparotomy wounds. Am J Surg 1968, 116:210-214.
148. Wicke C., Bachinger A., Coerper S., et al. Aging influences wound healing in patients with chronic lower extremity wounds treated in a specialized wound care center. Wound Repair Regen 2009, 17:25-33.
149. Sandblom P., Petersen P., Muren A. Determination of the tensile strength of the healing wound as a clinical test. Acta Chir Scand 1953, 105:252-257.
150. Anderson G., Horvath J. The Growing Burden of Chronic Disease in American. Public Health Rep 2004, 119:263-270.
151. Stephens F.O., Hunt T.K., Jawetz E., et al. Effect of cortisone and vitamin A on wound infection. Am J Surg 1971, 121:569-571.
152. Taylor R.J., Taylor A.D., Smyth J.V. Using an artificial neural network to predict healing times and risk factors for venous leg ulcers. J Wound Care 2002, 11:101-105.
153. Hardman M.J., Ashcroft G.S. Estrogen, not intrinsic aging, is the major regulator of delayed human wound healing in the elderly. Genome Biol 2008, 9:R80.1-R80.17.
154. Ashcroft G.S., Dodsworth J., van Boxtel E., et al. Estrogen accelerates cutaneous wound healing associated with an increase in TGF-beta1 levels. Nat Med 1997, 3:1209-1215.
155. Ashcroft G.S., Mills S.J. Androgen receptor-mediated inhibition of cutaneous wound healing. J Clin Invest 2002, 110:615-624.
156. Olsen N.J., Kovacs W.J. Gonadal steroids and immunity. Endocr Rev 1996, 17(4):369-384.
157. Angele M.K., Ayala A., Monfils B.A., et al. Testosterone and/or low estradiol: normally required but harmful immunologically for males after trauma-hemorrhage. J Trauma 1998, 44(1):78-85.
158. Ashcroft G.S., Mills S.J., Flanders K.C., et al. Role of Smad3 in the hormonal modulation of in vivo wound healing responses. Wound Repair Regen 2003, 11(6):468-473.
159. Ashcroft G.S., Horan M.A., Ferguson M.W. Aging alters the inflammatory and endothelial cell adhesion molecule profiles during human cutaneous wound healing. Lab Invest 1998, 78:47-58.
160. Duckworth W.C., Fawcett J., Reddy S., et al. Insulin-degrading activity in wound fluid. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004, 89:847-851.
161. Eggers P.W. The aging pandemic: demographic changes in the general and end-stage renal disease populations. Semin Nephrol 2009, 29(6):551-554.
162. Stevens L.A., Viswanathan G., Weiner D.E. Chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease in the elderly population: current prevalence, future projections, and clinical significance. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2010, 17(4):293-301.
163. Wolfe R.A., Ashby V.B., Milford E.L., et al. Comparison of mortality in all patients on dialysis, patients on dialysis awaiting transplantation, and recipients of a first cadaveric transplant. N Engl J Med 1999, 341(23):1725-1730.
164. Annual Report of the U.S. Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network and the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients: Transplant Data 1994-2009. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Healthcare Systems Bureau, Division of Transplantation, Rockville, MD. Richmond, VA: United Network for Organ Sharing; Ann Arbor, MI: University Renal Research and Education Association.
165. Rao P.S., Merion R.M., Ashby V.B., et al. Renal transplantation in elderly patients older than 70 years of age: results from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients. Transplantation 2007, 83(8):1069-1074.
166. Meier-Kriesche H.U., Schold J.D., Gaston R.S., et al. Kidneys from deceased donors: maximizing the value of a scarce resource. Am J Transplant 2005, 5(7):1725-1730.
167. Frei U., Noeldeke J., Machold-Fabrizii V., et al. Prospective age-matching in elderly kidney transplant recipients-a 5-year analysis of the Eurotransplant Senior Program. Am J Transplant 2008, 8(1):50-57.
168. Segev D.L. Evaluating options for utility-based kidney allocation. Am J Transplant 2009, 9(7):1513-1518.
169. Bentas W., Jones J., Karaoguz A., et al. Renal transplantation in the elderly: surgical complications and outcome with special emphasis on the Eurotransplant Senior Programme. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008, 23(6):2043-2051.
170. United States Renal Data Systems, 2010 Annual Report: Atlas of Chronic Kidney Disease and end stage Renal Disease in the United States 2010, USRDS.
171. Coresh J., Selvin E., Stevens L.A., et al. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the United States. JAMA 2007, 298(17):2038-2047.
172. Sherrard D.J. Renal osteodystrophy and aging. Semin Nephrol 2009, 29(6):636-642.
173. Buemi M., Lacquaniti A., Bolignano D., et al. Dialysis and the elderly: an underestimated problem. Kidney Blood Press Res 2008, 31(5):330-336.
174. Meier-Kriesche H.U., Ojo A., Hanson J., et al. Increased immunosuppressive vulnerability in elderly renal transplant recipients. Transplantation 2000, 69(5):885-889.
175. Frasca D., Landin A.M., Lechner S.C., et al. Aging down-regulates the transcription factor E2A, activation-induced cytidine deaminase, and Ig class switch in human B cells. J Immunol 2008, 180(8):5283-5290.
176. Shi Y., Yamazaki T., Okubo Y., et al. Regulation of aged humoral immune defense against pneumococcal bacteria by IgM memory B cell. J Immunol 2005, 175(5):3262-3267.
177. Cusi M.G., Martorelli B., Di Genova G., et al. Age related changes in T cell mediated immune response and effector memory to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in healthy subjects. Immun Ageing 2010, 7(1):14.
178. Kuypers D.R. Immunotherapy in elderly transplant recipients: a guide to clinically significant drug interactions. Drugs Aging 2009, 26(9):715-737.
179. Kaplan B., Meier-Kriesche H.U., Friedman G., et al. The effect of renal insufficiency on mycophenolic acid protein binding. J Clin Pharmacol 1999, 39(7):715-720.
180. Schold J., Srinivas T.R., Sehgal A.R., et al. Half of kidney transplant candidates who are older than 60 years now placed on the waiting list will die before receiving a deceased-donor transplant. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2009, 4(7):1239-1245.
181. Oniscu G.C., Brown H., Forsythe J.L. How great is the survival advantage of transplantation over dialysis in elderly patients?. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2004, 19(4):945-951.
182. Segev D.L., Kucirka L.M., Oberai P.C., et al. Age and comorbidities are effect modifiers of gender disparities in renal transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009, 20(3):621-628.
183. Gore J.L., Danovitch G.M., Litwin M.S., et al. Disparities in the utilization of live donor renal transplantation. Am J Transplant 2009, 9(5):1124-1133.
184. Weng F.L., Reese P.P., Mulgaonkar S., et al. Barriers to living donor kidney transplantation among black or older transplant candidates. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2010, 5(12):2338-2347.
185. Gill J., Bunnapradist S., Danovitch G.M., et al. Outcomes of kidney transplantation from older living donors to older recipients. Am J Kidney Dis 2008, 52(3):541-552.
186. Macrae J., Friedman A.L., Friedman E.A., et al. Live and deceased donor kidney transplantation in patients aged 75 years and older in the United States. Int Urol Nephrol 2005, 37(3):641-648.
187. Ravanan R., Udayaraj U., Ansell D., et al. Variation between centres in access to renal transplantation in UK: longitudinal cohort study. BMJ 2010, 341:c3451.
188. Patzer R.E., Amaral S., Wasse H., et al. Neighborhood poverty and racial disparities in kidney transplant waitlisting. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009, 20(6):1333-1340.
189. Kauffman H.M., McBride M.A., Cors C.S., et al. Early mortality rates in older kidney recipients with comorbid risk factors. Transplantation 2007, 83(4):404-410.
190. Foley R.N., Parfrey P.S., Sarnak M.J. Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in chronic renal disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 1998, 9(suppl 12):S16-S23.
191. Meier-Kriesche H.U., Ojo A.O., Hanson J.A., et al. Exponentially increased risk of infectious death in older renal transplant recipients. Kidney Int 2001, 59(4):1539-1543.
192. Merion R.M., Ashby V.B., Wolfe R.A., et al. Deceased-donor characteristics and the survival benefit of kidney transplantation. JAMA 2005, 294(21):2726-2733.
193. Collins M.G., Chang S.H., Russ G.R., et al. Outcomes of transplantation using kidneys from donors meeting expanded criteria in Australia and New Zealand, 1991 to 2005. Transplantation 2009, 87(8):1201-1209.
194. Grams M.E., Womer K.L., Ugarte R.M., et al. Listing for expanded criteria donor kidneys in older adults and those with predicted benefit. Am J Transplant 2010, 10(4):802-809.
195. Huang E., Poommipanit N., Sampaio M.S., et al. Intermediate-term outcomes associated with kidney transplantation in recipients 80 years and older: an analysis of the OPTN/UNOS Database. Transplantation 2010, 90:974-979.
196. Smits J.M., Persijn G.G., van Houwelingen H.C., et al. Evaluation of the Eurotransplant Senior Program. The results of the first year. Am J Transplant 2002, 2(7):664-670.
197. Freeman R.B., Matas A.T., Henry M., et al. Moving kidney allocation forward: the ASTS perspective. Am J Transplant 2009, 9(7):1501-1506.
198. Reese P.P., Caplan A.L., Bloom R.D., et al. How should we use age to ration health care?. Lessons from the case of kidney transplantation. J Am Geriatr Soc 2010, 58(10):1980-1986.