Chronic wound pathogenesis and current treatment strategies: A unifying hypothesis

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Volumn 117, Issue 7 SUPPL., 2006, Pages

  Mustoe, Thomas A ^a,b   O'Shaughnessy, Kristina ^a   Kloeters, Oliver ^a  

^a NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; ANTIOXIDANT;

AGING; BACTERIAL COLONIZATION; BACTERIAL COUNT; BANDAGE; CHRONIC WOUND; DEBRIDEMENT; HUMAN; HYPOXEMIA; ISCHEMIA; ISCHEMIC PRECONDITIONING; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PATHOGENESIS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTECTIVE CLOTHING; REPERFUSION INJURY; REVIEW; STRESS; VACUUM ASSISTED CLOSURE; WOUND CARE; WOUND INFECTION; ANOXIA; BACTERIAL INFECTION; CHRONIC DISEASE; DECUBITUS; DIABETIC FOOT; INJURY; PHYSIOLOGY; VARICOSIS; WOUND HEALING;

AGING; ANOXIA; BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; CHRONIC DISEASE; DIABETIC FOOT; HUMANS; PRESSURE ULCER; REPERFUSION INJURY; STRESS; VARICOSE ULCER; WOUND HEALING; WOUNDS AND INJURIES;

EID: 33745492981     PISSN: 00321052     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.prs.0000225431.63010.1b     Document Type: Review

References (60)

1. Robson, M. C., Mustoe, T. A., and Hunt, T. K. The future of recombinant growth factors in wound healing. Am. J. Surg. 176: 80, 1998.
2. Cross, K. C., and Mustoe, T. A. Growth factors in wound healing. Surg. Clin. North Am. 83: 531, 2003.
3. Ahn, S. A., and Mustoe, T. A. Effects of ischemia on ulcer wound healing: A new model in the rabbit ear. Ann. Plast. Surg. 24: 17, 1990.
4. Wu, L., Brucker, M., Gruskin, E., Roth, S. I., and Mustoe, T. A. Differential effects of PDGF-BB in accelerating wound healing on aged versus young animals: The impact of tissue hypoxia. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 99: 815, 1997.
5. Sisco, M., and Mustoe, T. A. Animal models of ischemic wound healing: Toward an approximation of human chronic cutaneous ulcers in rabbit and rat. Methods Mol. Med. 78: 55, 2003.
6. Bowler, P. G. Wound pathophysiology, infection and therapeutic options. Ann. Med. 34: 419, 2002.
7. Robson, M. C. Wound infection: A failure of wound healing caused by an imbalance of bacteria. Surg. Clin. North Am. 77: 637, 1997.
8. Medina, A., Scott, P. G., Ghahary, A., and Tredget, E. E. Pathophysiology of chronic nonhealing wounds. J. Burn Care Rehabil. 26: 306, 2005.
9. Mast, B. A., and Schultz, G. S. Interactions of cytokines, growth factors, and proteases in acute and chronic wounds. Wound Repair Regen. 4: 411, 1996.
10. Yager, D. R., and Nwomeh, B. C. The proteolytic environment of chronic wounds. Wound Repair Regen. 7: 433, 1999.
11. Palolahti, M., Lauharanta, J., Stephens, R. W., Kuusela, P., and Vaheri, A. Proteolytic activity in leg ulcer exudate. Exp. Dermatol. 2: 29, 1993.
12. Edwards, R., and Harding, K. G. Bacteria and wound healing. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. 17: 91, 2004.
13. Wall, I. B., Davies, C. E., Hill, K. E., et al. Potential role of anaerobic cocci in impaired human wound healing. Wound Repair Regen. 10: 346, 2002.
14. Trengove, N. J., Stacey, M. C., Macauley, S., et al. Analysis of the acute and chronic wound environments: The role of proteases and their inhibitors. Wound Repair Regen. 7: 442, 1999.
15. Trengove, N. J., Bielefeldt-Ohmann, H., and Stacey, M. C. Mitogenic activity and cytokine levels in non-healing and healing chronic leg ulcers. Wound Repair Regen. 8: 13, 2000.
16. Ng, C. S., Wan, S., and Yim, A. P. Pulmonary ischaemia-reperfusion injury: Role of apoptosis. Eur. Respir. J. 25: 356, 2005.
17. Kupiec-Weglinski, J. W., and Busuttil, R. W. Ischemia and reperfusion injury in liver transplantation. Transplant. Proc. 37: 1653, 2005.
18. Moens, A. L., Claeys, M. J., Timmermans, J. P., et al. Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion-injury, a clinical view on a complex pathophysiological process. Int. J. Cardiol. 100: 179, 2005.
19. Schaller, B., and Graf, R. Cerebral ischemia and reperfusion: The pathophysiologic concept as a basis for clinical therapy. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 24: 351, 2004.
20. Siemionow, M., and Arslan, E. Ischemia/reperfusion injury: A review in relation to free tissue transfers. Microsurgery 24: 468, 2004.
21. Norwood, M. G., Brown, M. J., and Sayers, R. D. Ischaemia-reperfusion injury and regional inflammatory responses in abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 28: 234, 2004.
22. Kong, S. E., Blennerhassett, L. R., Heel, K. A., et al. Ischaemia-reperfusion injury to the intestine. Aust. N. Z. J. Surg. 68: 554, 1998.
23. Eltzschig, H. K., and Collard, C. D. Vascular ischaemia and reperfusion injury. Br. Med. Bull. 70: 71, 2004.
24. Daniel, R. K., Priest, D. L., and Wheatley, D. C. Etiologic factors in pressure sores: An experimental model. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 62: 492, 1981.
25. Mustoe, T. A. Understanding chronic wounds: A unifying hypothesis on their pathogenesis and implications for therapy. Am. J. Surg. 187: 65, 2004.
26. Thompson, D. A critical review of the literature on pressure ulcer aetiology. J. Wound Care. 14: 87, 2005.
27. Peirce, S. M., Skalak, T. C., and Rodeheaver, G. T. Ischemia-reperfusion injury in chronic pressure ulcer formation: A skin model in the rat. Wound Repair Regen. 8: 68, 2000.
28. Toledo-Pereyra, L. H., Toledo, A. H., Walsh, J., et al. Molecular signaling pathways in ischemia/reperfusion. Exp. Clin. Transplant. 2: 174, 2004.
29. Anaya-Prado, R., and Toledo-Pereyra, L. H. The molecular events underlying ischemia/reperfusion injury. Transplant. Proc. 34: 2518, 2002.
30. Toledo-Pereyra, L. H., Lopez-Neblina, F., and Toledo, A. H. Reactive oxygen species and molecular biology of ischemia/reperfusion. Ann. Transplant. 9: 81, 2004.
31. Seal, J. B., and Gewertz, B. L. Vascular dysfunction in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Ann. Vasc. Surg. 19: 572, 2005.
32. Mannarino, E., Pasqualini, L., Maragoni, G., et al. Chronic venous incompetence and transcutaneous oxygen pressure: A controlled study. Vasa 17: 159, 1988.
33. Browse, N. L., and Burnand, K. G. The cause of venous ulceration. Lancet 2: 243, 1982.
34. Chant, A. The biomechanics of leg ulceration. Ann. R. Coll. Surg. Engl. 81: 80, 1999.
35. Fagrell, B. Microcirculatory disturbances: The final cause for venous leg ulcers? Vasa 11: 101, 1982.
36. Cheatle, T. R., Sarin, S., Coleridge-Smith, P. D., et al. The pathogenesis of skin damage in venous disease: A review. Eur. J. Vasc. Surg. 5: 115, 1991.
37. Angel, M. F., Ramasastry, S. S., Swartz, W. M., et al. The causes of skin ulcerations associated with venous insufficiency: A unifying hypothesis. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 79: 289, 1987.
38. Coleridge-Smith, P. D. Deleterious effects of white cells in the course of skin damage in CVI. Int. Angiol. 21: 26, 2002.
39. He, C. F., Cherry, G. W., and Arnold F. Postural vasoregulation and mediators of reperfusion injury in venous ulceration. J. Vasc. Surg. 25: 647, 1997.
40. Coleridge-Smith, P. D. From skin disorders to venous leg ulcers: Pathophysiology and efficacy of Daflon 500 mg in ulcer healing. Angiology 54: 45, 2003.
41. Bouskela, E., Cyrino, F. Z., and Lerond, L. Microvascular reactivity after ischemia/reperfusion in the hamster cheek pouch: Beneficial effects of different oral doses of S-5682 (Daflon 500 mg). Angiology 48: 33, 1997.
42. Thomas, P. R., Nash, G. B., and Dormandy, J. A. White cell accumulation in dependent legs of patients with venous hypertension: A possible mechanism for trophic changes in the skin. Br. Med. J. 296: 1693, 1988.
43. Lowthian, P. Notes on the pathogenesis of serious pressure sores. Br. J. Nurs. 6: 907, 1997.
44. Schubert, V., and Heraud, J. The effects of pressure and shear on skin microcirculation in elderly stroke patients lying in supine or semi-recumbent positions. Age Ageing 23: 405, 1994.
45. Woolsey, R. M., and McGarry, J. D. The cause, prevention, and treatment of pressure sores. Neurol. Clin. 9: 797, 1991.
46. Salcido, R., Donofrio, J. C., Fisher, S. B., et al. Histopathology of pressure ulcers as a result of sequential computer-controlled pressure sessions in a fuzzy rat model. Adv. Wound Care. 7: 23, 1994.
47. Reid, R. R., Sull, A. C., Mogford, J. E., et al. A novel murine model of cyclical cutaneous ischemia-reperfusion injury. J. Surg. Res. 116: 172, 2004.
48. Jeffcoate, W. J., and Harding, K. G. Diabetic foot ulcers. Lancet 361: 1545, 2003.
49. Delamaire, M., Maugendre, D., Moreno, M., et al. Impaired leucocyte functions in diabetic patients. Diabet. Med. 14: 29, 1997.
50. Brem, H., Sheehan, P., and Boulton, A. J. Protocol for treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. Am. J. Surg. 187: 1, 2004.
51. Wlaschek, M., and Scharffetter-Kochanek, K. Oxidative stress in chronic venous leg ulcers. Wound Repair Regen. 13: 452, 2005.
52. Marucha, P. T., Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K., and Favagehi, M. Mucosal wound healing is impaired by examination stress. Psychosom. Med. 60: 362, 1998.
53. Mogford, J. E., Sisco, M., Bonomo, S. R., et al. Impact of aging on gene expression in a rat model of ischemic cutaneous wound healing. J. Surg. Res. 118: 190, 2004.
54. Tandara, A. A., Kloeters, O., Kim, I., Mogford, J. E., and Mustoe, T. A. Age effect on HSP70: Decreased resistance to ischemic and oxidative stress. J. Surg. Res. 132: 32, 2006 (Epub Nov. 16, 2005).
55. Gurjala, A., Liu, W. R., Mogford, J. E., Procaccini, P. S., and Mustoe, T. A. Age-dependent response of primary human dermal fibroblasts to oxidative stress: Cell survival, pro-survival kinases, and entrance into cellular senescence. Wound Repair Regen. 13: 565, 2005.
56. Wright, W. E., and Shay, J. W. The two-stage mechanism controlling cellular senescence and immortalization. Exp. Gerontol. 27: 383, 1992.
57. Bodnar, A. G., Ouellette, M., Frolkis, M., et al. Extension of life-span by introduction of telomerase into normal human cells. Science 279: 349, 1998.
58. Wu, L., Xia, Y., Siddiqui, A., et al. TGFB1 fails to stimulate wound healing and impairs its signal transduction in an aged ischemic ulcer model: The importance of oxygen and age. Am. J. Pathol. 154: 301, 1999.
59. Rosenberg, D. S., Lu, L., Gurjala, A., et al. Aged rats display increased ischemia perfusion skin injury in the in vivo magnet model. Wound Repair Regen. 12: A12, 2004.
60. Zhao, L., Davidson, J. D., Wees, S. C., et al. Total reversal of ischemic healing deficit by hyperbaric oxygen plus growth factors in a rabbit ear model. Arch. Surg. 129: 1045, 1994.