Pyrrolizidine alkaloids-containing Chinese medicines in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and related safety concerns

Yaoxue Xuebao

Volumn 46, Issue 7, 2011, Pages 762-772

  Tang, Jun ^a   Hattori, Masao ^b  

^a WUHAN UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TOYAMA   (Japan)

Author keywords

Chinese medicine; Chinese Pharmacopoeia; Exposure limit; Pyrrolizidine alkaloid; Safety control

Indexed keywords

CHINESE DRUG; HERBACEOUS AGENT; PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOID;

BOOK; CHINESE HERB; CHINESE MEDICINE; DRUG QUALITY; DRUG SAFETY; HEALTH CARE FACILITY; HUMAN; MEDICAL LITERATURE; REVIEW; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT;

CHINA; DRUGS, CHINESE HERBAL; MEDICINE, CHINESE TRADITIONAL; PHARMACOPOEIAS AS TOPIC; PLANTS, MEDICINAL; PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS; QUALITY CONTROL; SAFETY;

EID: 80052616610     PISSN: 05134870     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (60)

1. Qian ZZ, Dan Y, Liu YZ, et al. Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2010 Edition): a milestone in development of China's healthcare [J]. Chin Herb Med, 2010, 2: 157-160.
2. State Pharmacopoeia Commission of the P. R. China. Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (Chinese Edition 2010) [S]. Vol I. Beijing: China Medicinal Science and Technology Press, 2010: 32.
3. Catherine GL, Grue MR, Liddell JR. Proton NMR spectroscopy of pyrrolizidine alkaloids [J]. Phytochemistry, 1994, 37: 43-109. (Pubitemid 2148799)
4. Xiong AZ, Li Y, Yang L, et al. Simultaneous determination of senecionine, adonifoline and their metabolites in rat serum by UPLC-ESIMS and its application in pharmacokinetic studies [J]. J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2009, 50: 1070-1074.
5. Mattocks AR (Ed.). Chemistry and Toxicology of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids [M]. London: Academic Press, 1986: 1-14, 136-155, 158-218.
6. Tang J, Akao T, Nakamura N, et al. In vitro metabolism of isoline, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid from Ligularia duciformis, by rodent liver microsomal esterases and enhanced hepatotoxicity by esterase inhibitors [J]. Drug Metab Dispos, 2007, 35: 1832-1839. (Pubitemid 47481575)
7. Stegelmeier BL, Edgar JA, Colegate SM, et al. Pyrrolizidine alkaloid plants, metabolism and toxicity [J]. J Nat Toxins, 1999, 8: 95-116. (Pubitemid 29125815)
8. Roeder E. Medicinal plants in China containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids [J]. Pharmazie, 2000, 55: 711-726.
9. Panter KE, James LF. Natural plant toxicants in milk: a review [J]. J Anim Sci, 1990, 68: 892-904.
10. Edgar JA, Roeder E, Molyneux RJ. Honey from plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids: a potential threat to health [J]. J Agric Food Chem, 2002, 50: 2719-2730. (Pubitemid 34493576)
11. Kempf M, Reinhard A, Beuerle T. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) in honey and pollen-legal regulation of PA levels in food and animal feed required [J]. Mol Nutr Food Res, 2010, 54: 158-168.
12. The International Programme on Chemical Safety. Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids Health and Safety Guide [R]. Health and Safety Criteria Guide 26. WHO: Geneva, 1989.
13. Food and Drug Administration. FDA advises dietary supplement manufacturers to remove Comfrey products from the market [EB/OL]. USFDA, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, July 6, 2001 [2010-9-8]. http://www.fda.gov/Food/DietarySupplements/Alerts/ucm111219.htm.
14. Zhao XG, Li ZM, Zhang M, et al. Studies on Chinese medicinal herbs: Shanziwan (Radix et Rhizoma Ligulariae) 1. Survey on resources and identification of original plants [J]. Chin Tradit Herb Drugs, 1998, 29: 115-119.
15. Zhao XG, Wang ZT, Lin G, et al. Hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids and Chinese herbal medicines [J]. Chin Tradit Herb Drugs, 1998, 29: 343-346.
16. Pu S, Xu D, Zhang M, et al. Detection of hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Ligularia Cass, with LC-MSn [J]. Acta Pharm Sin, 2004, 39: 831-835. (Pubitemid 40125950)
17. 2 of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid adonifoline in Senecio scandens [J]. Phytochem Anal, 2008, 19: 25-31.
18. Gao J, Wang C, Li Y, et al. Advance on pharmacologic actions, toxicity and pharmacokinetics of pyrrolizidine alkaloids [J]. China J Chin Mater Med, 2009, 34: 506-511.
19. Cai H, Sun F. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids-containing plants and hepatic veno-occlusive disease [J]. Adverse Drug React J 2007, 9: 229-234.
20. Liang AH, Ye ZG. General situation of the toxicity researches on Senecio [J]. China J Chin Mat Med, 2006, 31: 93-97.
21. Li SL, Lin G, Fu PP, et al. Identification of five hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in a commonly used Chinese medicinal herb, Herba Senecionis Scandentis (Qianliguang) [J]. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom, 2008, 22: 591-602. (Pubitemid 351300595)
22. Lin G, Li SL, Li M, et al. Qianliguang (Senecio scandens) safety dilemma: dose is the key? [J]. Planta Med, 2009, 75: 1107-1111.
23. Tang J, Zhang M, Wang ZT, et al. Simultaneous determination of isoline and its two major metabolites using high performance liquid chromatography [J]. J Anal Toxicol, 2004, 28: 11-15. (Pubitemid 38112311)
24. Fu PP, Xia Q, Lin G, et al. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids-genotoxicity, metabolism enzymes, metabolic action, and mechanisms [J]. Drug Metab Rev, 2004, 36: 1-55. (Pubitemid 38387834)
25. Lin G, Tang J, Liu XQ, et al. Deacetylclivorine: a gender-selective metabolite of clivorine formed in female Sprague-Dawley rat liver microsomes [J]. Drug Metab Dispos, 2007, 35: 607-613. (Pubitemid 46513264)
26. Lin G, Wang JY, Li N, et al. Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome associated with consumption of Gynura segetum [J]. J Hepatol, 2011, 54: 666-673.
27. Smith LW, Culvenor CCJ. Plant sources of hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids [J]. J Nat Prod, 1981, 44: 129-152. (Pubitemid 11085182)
28. Meinwald J. Natural products as molecular messengers [J]. J Nat Prod, 2011, 74: 305-309.
29. Feng Y. Basic and Clinical Toxicology of Chinese Medicines [M]. Hong Kong: Commercial Press, 2009, 11: 143, 195.
30. Ji LL, Tan AM, Tang J, et al. Toxicity of several pyrrolizidine alkaloids on hepatocytes [J]. Chin J Nat Med, 2004, 2: 239-241. (Pubitemid 39255585)
31. Tang J, Zhang M, Wang ZT, et al. Identity of monocrotalic acid released from dehydromonocrotaline, a high chemically reactive pyrrolic ester [J]. J China Pharm Univ, 2003, 34: 499-502.
32. Huxtable RJ. Activation and pulmonary toxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids [J]. Pharmacol Ther, 1990, 47: 371-389. (Pubitemid 20309558)
33. Xia Q, Chou MW, Kadlubar FF, et al. Human liver microsomal metabolism and DNA adduct formation of the tumorigenic pyrrolizidine alkaloid, riddelliine [J]. Chem Res Toxicol, 2003, 16: 66-73. (Pubitemid 36139412)
34. Ji L, Chen Y, Liu T, et al. Pyrrolizidine alkaloid clivorine induced mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in hepatocytes and the protection of NAC [J]. Toxicol Lett, 2010, 196, Supplement 1: S210.
35. Gao XM. Chinese Medicines [M]. Beijing: People Health Press, 2000: 988-999, 1267-1270.
36. Jiang L, Cheng M, Gao Q, et al. Analysis of monocrotaline in seed of Crotalaria assamica Benth [J]. China Pharm, 2010, 13: 1743-1744.
37. Asada Y, Furuya T, Shiro M, et al. Studies on constituents of crude drugs. Part XIII. Senecicannabine, a new pyrrolizidine alkaloid from Senecio cannabifolius [J]. Tetrahedron Lett, 1982, 23: 189-192.
38. Roeder E, Wiedenfeld H, Kröger R, et al. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids dreier Onosma-Sippen [J]. Phyton, 1993, 33: 41-49.
39. Gai XM, Wang P, Lei XY, et al. A survey of the wild honey and oil plants in eastern Fujian [J]. Mod Agri Sci Tech, 2008, 37: 67-70.
40. Xiong P. The application of Mel in the process of Chinese medicines and preparations [J]. Lishizhen Med Mat Med Res, 2005, 16: 35-36.
41. Johansen CA, Mayer DF. Pollinator Protection: A Bee and Pesticide Handbook [M]. Cheshire, Connecticut: Wicwas Press, 1990: 161.
42. Tang J, Hattori M. Pyrrolizidine alkaloid profile of the aqueous extract of Ligularia hodgsonii and its toxic implication [C]// Final Programme & Abstracts of 2010 China-Japan-Korea Symposium on Analytical Chemistry, October 31-November 2, 2010. Wuhan: Wuhan University Press, 2010: 105.
43. Han JW, Yang X, Zhou Y, et al. Research progress in the chemical composition and pharmacological action of Ligularia Cass [J]. Acta Acad Med Nei Mongol, 2010, 32: 214-217.
44. Yuan SQ, Gu GM, Wei TT. Studies on the alkaloids of Gynura segetum (Lour.) Merr [J]. Acta Pharm Sin, 1990, 25: 191-197.
45. Qi X, Wu B, Cheng Y, et al. Simultaneous characterization of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and N-oxides in Gynura segelum by liquid chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry [J]. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom, 2009, 23: 291-302.
46. Wu XJ, Zhang K, Yu MY, et al. Hepatic veno-occlusive disease induced by Gynura segetum: report of four cases [J]. Chin J Hepatol, 2007, 15: 151-153.
47. Liao JY. Acute liver failure death induced by Tu Sanqi intoxication: report of two cases [J]. Med Pharm Yunnan, 1993, 14: 188-189.
48. Liu HZ, Pang J, Wang ZL, et al. Studies of the effects of Gynura segetum and Panax notoginseng on the ultrastructure of platelets in guinea-pigs [J]. Acta Pharm Sin, 1982, 17: 801-808.
49. Edgar JA, Lin HJ, Kumana CR, et al. Pyrrolizidine alkaloid composition of three Chinese medicinal herbs, Eupatorium cannabinum, E. japonicum and Crotalaria assamica [J]. Am J Chin Med, 1992, 20: 281-288.
50. Wiedenfeld H, Amarsanaa B, Altanchimeg D, et al. Pyrrolizidine alkaloid containing plants used in Mongolian traditional medicine: Lappula myosotis Moench [J]. Sci Pharm, 2005, 73: 139-145. (Pubitemid 41495333)
51. Zheng HJ, Zhan YH. Modern Chinese Materia Medica Identification Handbook [M]. Beijing: China Medicinal Science and Technology Press, 2000: 751, 827, 840.
52. Guangdong Institute for Drug Control. Tu Shayuanzi cannot be used as Semen Astragali Complanati [J]. Acta Phytotaxon Sin, 1977, 15: 63.
53. Qian ZZ, Qi P, Wang G. Main revisions on Chinese pharmacopoeia (2005 Edition) volumn I [J]. Drug Stand China, 2005, 6: 25-30.
54. Tang J, Akao T, Hattori M. Identification of toxic PAs and in vitro microsomal metabolites of Zhu Shidou extract [C] // Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Functional Foods in Toyama 2010. Toyama: Northern Japan Press, 2010: 83-84.
55. Tang J, Wang ZT, Akao T, et al. Human intestinal microbiota mediate rapid reduction of isoline and monocrotaline N-oxides in Chinese herbal medicines [C] // Proceedings of the 2008 Shanghai International Symposium for Pharmaceutical Sciences. Shanghai: Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Press, 2008: 183-185.
56. Tang J, Hattori M. Role of NADPH-P450 reductase in the reverse of monocrotaline N-oxide in the microsomal metabolism of monocrotaline and its toxic implication [C] // Program and Abstract Book of 18th International Symposium on Microsomes and Drug Oxidations. Beijing: Peking Union Medical College Press, 2010: 287.
57. Zhou Y, Li N, Choi FFK, et al. A new approach for simultaneous screening and quantification of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in some potential pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing plants by using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry [J]. Anal Chim Acta, 2010, 681: 33-40.
58. Chinese Herbals Editor Board, the State Administrative Bureau of Chinese Medicine of China. Chinese Herbals [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Science and Technology Press, 1999, 7: 942-953.
59. Wang ZT. Recent advances and a prospect on the future development of quality assessment of traditional Chinese medicines [J]. Chin J Nat Med, 2006, 4: 403-410.
60. Feng Y, Zheng L, Tang J. The misuse of Aristolochia-related species (ARSs) due to confused herbal names in Hong Kong [C] // Linnaeus and Medicinal Products, An International Conference on Drugs of Natural Origin in the Honour of Carl Linnaeus. Sweden: Uppsala University Press, 2007: 28.