메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 40, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 705-716

Multi-decadal changes in tundra environments and ecosystems: Synthesis of the international Polar year-back to the future project (IPY-BTF)

(53)  Callaghan, Terry V a,b   Tweedie, Craig E c   Åkerman, Jonas d   Andrews, Christopher d   Bergstedt, Johan d   Butler, Malcolm G d   Christensen, Torben R d   Cooley, Dorothy d   Dahlberg, Ulrika d   Danby, Ryan K d   Daniëls, Fred J A d   De Molenaar, Johannes G d   Dick, Jan d   Mortensen, Christian Ebbe d   Ebert May, Diane d   Emanuelsson, Urban d   Eriksson, Håkan d   Hedenås, Henrik d   Henry, Greg H R d   Hik, David S d   more..

d NONE

Author keywords

Glaciers; IPY; Limnology; Permafrost; Shrubs; Snow stratigraphy; Treeline; Tundra vegetation

Indexed keywords

BIOMASS; DECADAL VARIATION; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; GLACIER DYNAMICS; GLACIER RETREAT; GLOBAL CHANGE; HISTORICAL RECORD; LIMNOLOGY; MODEL VALIDATION; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; PARAMETERIZATION; PERMAFROST; PLANT COMMUNITY; POND; REMOTE SENSING; RESEARCH WORK; SHRUB; SNOW ACCUMULATION; SUBARCTIC REGION; SUSTAINABILITY; TREELINE; TUNDRA; WATERFOWL;

EID: 80052542688     PISSN: 00447447     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s13280-011-0179-8     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (88)

References (76)
  • 2
    • 52949118018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thawing permafrost and thicker active layers in sub-arctic Sweden
    • Akerman, H.J., and M. Johansson. 2008. Thawing permafrost and thicker active layers in sub-arctic Sweden. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 19: 279-292.
    • (2008) Permafrost and Periglacial Processes , vol.19 , pp. 279-292
    • Akerman, H.J.1    Johansson, M.2
  • 3
    • 80052545641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of biological and environmental phenology at a landscape level from 30 years of fixed date repeat photography in Northern Sweden
    • doi:10.1007/s13280-011-0167-z
    • Andrews, C., J. Dick, C. Jonasson, and T.V. Callaghan. 2011. Assessment of biological and environmental phenology at a landscape level from 30 years of fixed date repeat photography in Northern Sweden. Ambio. doi:10.1007/s13280-011- 0167-z.
    • (2011) Ambio.
    • Andrews, C.1    Dick, J.2    Jonasson, C.3    Callaghan, T.V.4
  • 6
    • 33947664487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecology of alpine snowbeds and the impact of global change
    • DOI 10.1657/1523-0430(2007)39[34:EOASAT]2.0.CO;2
    • Björk, R.G., and U. Molau. 2007. Ecology of Alpine snowbeds and the impact of global change. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 39(1): 34-43. (Pubitemid 46493445)
    • (2007) Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research , vol.39 , Issue.1 , pp. 34-43
    • Bjork, R.G.1    Molau, U.2
  • 7
    • 23944517004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inter-annual variability of NDVI in response to long-term warming and fertilization in wet sedge and tussock tundra
    • DOI 10.1007/s00442-005-0012-9
    • Boelman, N.T., M. Stieglitz, K.L. Griffin, and G.R. Shaver. 2005. Inter-annual variability of NDVI in response to long-term warming and fertilization in wet sedge and tussock tundra. Oecologia 143(4): 588-597. doi:10.1007/s00442-005-0012-9. (Pubitemid 41185839)
    • (2005) Oecologia , vol.143 , Issue.4 , pp. 588-597
    • Boelman, N.T.1    Stieglitz, M.2    Griffin, K.L.3    Shaver, G.R.4
  • 8
    • 0038018598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of NDVI, biomass, and ecosystem gas exchange to long-term warming and fertilization in wet sedge tundra
    • Boelman, N.T., M. Stieglitz, H.M. Rueth, M. Sommerkorn, K.L. Griffin, G.R. Shaver, and J.A. Gamon. 2003. Response of NDVI, biomass, and ecosystem gas exchange to long-term warming and fertilization in wet sedge tundra. Oecologia 135(3): 414-421. doi:10.1007/s00442-003-1198-3. (Pubitemid 36639460)
    • (2003) Oecologia , vol.135 , Issue.3 , pp. 414-421
    • Boelman, N.T.1    Stieglitz, M.2    Rueth, H.M.3    Sommerkorn, M.4    Griffin, K.L.5    Shaver, G.R.6    Gamon, J.A.7
  • 9
    • 70350022280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Winter warming events damage sub-Arctic vegetation: Consistent evidence from an experimental manipulation and a natural event
    • Bokhorst, S., J.W. Bjerke, H. Tømmervik, T.V. Callaghan, and G.K. Phoenix. 2009. Winter warming events damage sub-Arctic vegetation: Consistent evidence from an experimental manipulation and a natural event. Journal of Ecology 97: 1408-1415.
    • (2009) Journal of Ecology , vol.97 , pp. 1408-1415
    • Bokhorst, S.1    Bjerke, J.W.2    Tømmervik, H.3    Callaghan, T.V.4    Phoenix, G.K.5
  • 11
    • 80052542688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multidecadal changes in Tundra environments and ecosystems: The International Polar Year Back to the Future Project (IPY-BTF)
    • doi:10.1007/s13280-011-0162-4
    • Callaghan, T.V., C.E. Tweedie, and P.J. Webber. 2011a. Multidecadal changes in Tundra environments and ecosystems: The International Polar Year Back to the Future Project (IPY-BTF). Ambio. doi:10.1007/s13280-011-0162-4.
    • (2011) Ambio.
    • Callaghan, T.V.1    Tweedie, C.E.2    Webber, P.J.3
  • 12
    • 80052547933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant and vegetation dynamics on Disko Island, West Greenland: Snapshots separated by over 40 years
    • doi:10.1007/s13280-011-0169-x
    • Callaghan, T.V., T.R. Cristensen, and E.J. Jantze. 2011b. Plant and vegetation dynamics on Disko Island, West Greenland: Snapshots separated by over 40 years. Ambio. doi:10.1007/s13280- 011-0169-x.
    • (2011) Ambio.
    • Callaghan, T.V.1    Cristensen, T.R.2    Jantze, E.J.3
  • 13
    • 80052550979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-decadal changes in Tundra environments and ecosystems-The International Polar Year Back to the Future Project
    • Callaghan, T.V., and C.E. Tweedie (eds.) 2011. Multi-decadal changes in Tundra environments and ecosystems-The International Polar Year Back to the Future Project. Ambio Special Issue 40(6).
    • (2011) Ambio Special Issue , vol.40 , Issue.6
    • Callaghan, T.V.1    Tweedie, C.E.2
  • 16
    • 0000964512 scopus 로고
    • Individualistic growth response of tundra plant species to manipulation of light, temperature, and nutrients in a field experiment
    • Chapin, F.S., and G.R. Shaver. 1985. Individualistic growth response of tundra plant species to manipulation of light, temperature, and nutrients in a field experiment. Ecology 66: 564-576.
    • (1985) Ecology , vol.66 , pp. 564-576
    • Chapin, F.S.1    Shaver, G.R.2
  • 17
    • 0028974590 scopus 로고
    • Responses of Arctic tundra to experimental and observed changes in climate
    • Chapin, F.S., G.R. Shaver, A.E. Giblin, K.J. Nadelhoffer, and J.A. Laundre. 1995. Responses of Arctic tundra to experimental and observed changes in climate. Ecology 76: 694-711.
    • (1995) Ecology , vol.76 , pp. 694-711
    • Chapin, F.S.1    Shaver, G.R.2    Giblin, A.E.3    Nadelhoffer, K.J.4    Laundre, J.A.5
  • 19
    • 80052533050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Four decades of plant community change in the Alpine Tundra of Southwest Yukon, Canada
    • doi:10.1007/s13280-011-0172-2
    • Danby, R.K., S. Koh, D.S. Hik, and L.W. Price. 2011. Four decades of plant community change in the Alpine Tundra of Southwest Yukon, Canada. Ambio. doi:10.1007/s13280-011-0172-2.
    • (2011) Ambio.
    • Danby, R.K.1    Koh, S.2    Hik, D.S.3    Price, L.W.4
  • 20
    • 33846919856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability, contingency and rapid change in recent subarctic alpine tree line dynamics
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2006.01200.x
    • Danby, R.K., and D.S. Hik. 2007. Variability, contingency, and rapid change in recent subarctic alpine treeline dynamics. Journal of Ecology 95: 352-363. (Pubitemid 46239202)
    • (2007) Journal of Ecology , vol.95 , Issue.2 , pp. 352-363
    • Danby, R.K.1    Hik, D.S.2
  • 22
    • 80052532631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flora and vegetation of Tasiilaq, Formerly Angmagssalik, Southeast Greenland-A comparison of data from between around 1900 and 2007
    • doi:10.1007/s13280-011-0171-3
    • Danïls, F.J.A., and J.G. de Molenaar. 2011. Flora and vegetation of Tasiilaq, Formerly Angmagssalik, Southeast Greenland-a comparison of data from between around 1900 and 2007. Ambio. doi:10.1007/s13280-011-0171-3.
    • (2011) Ambio.
    • Danïls, F.J.A.1    De Molenaar, J.G.2
  • 23
    • 66149179031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in vegetation in northern Alaska under scenarios of climate change, 2003-2100: Implications for climate feedbacks
    • Euskirchen, E.S., A.D. McGuire, F.S. Chapin, S. Yi, and C.D.C. Thompson. 2009. Changes in vegetation in northern Alaska under scenarios of climate change, 2003-2100: Implications for climate feedbacks. Ecological Applications 19: 1022-1043.
    • (2009) Ecological Applications , vol.19 , pp. 1022-1043
    • Euskirchen, E.S.1    McGuire, A.D.2    Chapin, F.S.3    Yi, S.4    Thompson, C.D.C.5
  • 24
    • 77953175472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Russian Arctic warming and 'greening' are closely tracked by tundra shrub willows
    • Forbes, B.C., M.M. Fauria, and P. Zetterberg. 2010. Russian Arctic warming and 'greening' are closely tracked by tundra shrub willows. Global Change Biology 16: 1542-1554.
    • (2010) Global Change Biology , vol.16 , pp. 1542-1554
    • Forbes, B.C.1    Fauria, M.M.2    Zetterberg, P.3
  • 25
    • 79251622268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface hydrology of an arctic ecosystem: Multiscale analysis of a flooding and draining experiment using spectral reflectance
    • doi:10.1029/ 2010JG001346
    • Goswami, S., J.A. Gamon, and C.E. Tweedie. 2011. Surface hydrology of an arctic ecosystem: Multiscale analysis of a flooding and draining experiment using spectral reflectance. Journal of Geophysical Research 116: G00I07. doi:10.1029/ 2010JG001346.
    • (2011) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.116
    • Goswami, S.1    Gamon, J.A.2    Tweedie, C.E.3
  • 26
    • 77953918920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Establishing a missing link: Warm summers and winter snow cover promote shrub expansion into alpine tundra in Scandinavia
    • Hallinger, M., M. Manthey, and M. Wilmking. 2010. Establishing a missing link: Warm summers and winter snow cover promote shrub expansion into alpine tundra in Scandinavia. New Phytologist 186: 890-899.
    • (2010) New Phytologist , vol.186 , pp. 890-899
    • Hallinger, M.1    Manthey, M.2    Wilmking, M.3
  • 27
    • 0027487668 scopus 로고
    • Differential growth responses of Cassiope tetragona, an arctic dwarf shrub, to environmental perturbations among three contrasting highand sub-arctic sites
    • Havström, M., T.V. Callaghan, and S. Jonasson. 1993. Differential growth responses of Cassiope tetragona, an arctic dwarf shrub, to environmental perturbations among three contrasting highand sub-arctic sites. Oikos 66: 389-402.
    • (1993) Oikos , vol.66 , pp. 389-402
    • Havström, M.1    Callaghan, T.V.2    Jonasson, S.3
  • 28
    • 80052523457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in tree growth, biomass and vegetation over a thirteen-year period in the Swedish Sub-Arctic
    • doi:10.1007/s13280-011-0173-1
    • Hedenås, H., H. Olsson, C. Jonasson, J. Bergstedt, U. Dahlberg, and T.V. Callaghan. 2011. Changes in tree growth, biomass and vegetation over a thirteen-year period in the Swedish Sub-Arctic. Ambio. doi:10.1007/s13280-011- 0173-1.
    • (2011) Ambio.
    • Hedenas, H.1    Olsson, H.2    Jonasson, C.3    Bergstedt, J.4    Dahlberg, U.5    Callaghan, T.V.6
  • 29
    • 0031398972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tundra plants and climatic change: The International Tundra Experiment (ITEX)
    • Henry, G.H.R., and U. Molau. 1997. Tundra plants and climatic change: The International Tundra Experiment (ITEX). Global Change Biology 3(1): 1-9.
    • (1997) Global Change Biology , vol.3 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-9
    • Henry, G.H.R.1    Molau, U.2
  • 30
    • 77955352345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responses of high Arctic wet sedge Tundra to climate warming since 1980
    • Hill, G.B., and G.H.R. Henry. 2011. Responses of high Arctic wet sedge Tundra to climate warming since 1980. Global Change Biology 17: 276-287.
    • (2011) Global Change Biology , vol.17 , pp. 276-287
    • Hill, G.B.1    Henry, G.H.R.2
  • 32
    • 70349971389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased plant biomass in a high Arctic heath community from 1981 to 2008
    • Hudson, J.M.G., and G.H.R. Henry. 2009. Increased plant biomass in a high Arctic heath community from 1981 to 2008. Ecology 90: 2657-2663.
    • (2009) Ecology , vol.90 , pp. 2657-2663
    • Hudson, J.M.G.1    Henry, G.H.R.2
  • 34
    • 80052523075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-decadal changes in snow characteristics in sub-Arctic Sweden
    • doi:10.1007/s13280-011-0164-2
    • Johansson, C., V.A. Pohjola, C. Jonasson, and T.V. Callaghan. 2011. Multi-decadal changes in snow characteristics in sub-Arctic Sweden. Ambio. doi:10.1007/s13280-011-0164-2.
    • (2011) Ambio.
    • Johansson, C.1    Pohjola, V.A.2    Jonasson, C.3    Callaghan, T.V.4
  • 35
    • 80052530222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Past and present permafrost temperatures in the Abisko area: Redrilling of boreholes
    • doi: 10.1007/s13280-011-0163-3
    • Johansson, M., J. Åkerman, F. Keuper, T.R. Christensen, H. Lantuit, and T.V. Callaghan. 2011. Past and present permafrost temperatures in the Abisko area: Redrilling of boreholes. Ambio. doi: 10.1007/s13280-011-0163-3.
    • (2011) Ambio.
    • Johansson, M.1    Akerman, J.2    Keuper, F.3    Christensen, T.R.4    Lantuit, H.5    Callaghan, T.V.6
  • 36
    • 33845273318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decadal vegetation changes in a northern peatland, greenhouse gas fluxes and net radiative forcing
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01267.x
    • Johansson, T., N. Malmer, P.M. Crill, T. Friborg, J.H. Akerman, M. Mastepanov, and T.R. Christensen. 2006. Decadal vegetation changes in a northern peatland, greenhouse gas fluxes and net radiative forcing. Global Change Biology 12: 2352-2369. (Pubitemid 44857709)
    • (2006) Global Change Biology , vol.12 , Issue.12 , pp. 2352-2369
    • Johansson, T.1    Malmer, N.2    Crill, P.M.3    Friborg, T.4    Akerman, J.H.5    Mastepanov, M.6    Christensen, T.R.7
  • 37
    • 80052548733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forecasting Alpine vegetation change using repeat sampling and a novel modeling approach
    • doi:10.1007/s13280-011- 0175-z
    • Johnson, D.R., D. Ebert-May, P.J. Webber, and C.E. Tweedie. 2011. Forecasting Alpine vegetation change using repeat sampling and a novel modeling approach. Ambio. doi:10.1007/s13280-011- 0175-z.
    • (2011) Ambio.
    • Johnson, D.R.1    Ebert-May, D.2    Webber, P.J.3    Tweedie, C.E.4
  • 38
    • 17644406523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variable sensitivity of plant communities in Iceland to experimental warming
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00928.x
    • Jónsdóttir, I.S., B. Magnússon, J. Gudmundsson, Á. Elmarsdóttir, and H. Hjartarson. 2005. Variable sensitivity of plant communities in Iceland to experimental warming. Global Change Biology 11: 553-563. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00928.x. (Pubitemid 40578394)
    • (2005) Global Change Biology , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 553-563
    • Jonsdottir, I.S.1    Magnusson, B.2    Gudmundsson, J.3    Elmarsdottir, A.4    Hjartarson, H.5
  • 41
    • 33745973938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A long-term Arctic snow depth record from Abisko, northern Sweden, 1913-2004
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1751-8369.2006.tb00026.x
    • Kohler, J., O. Brandt, M. Johansson, and T.V. Callaghan. 2006. A long Arctic snow depth record from Abisko, northern Sweden, 1913-2004. Polar Research 25(2): 91-113. (Pubitemid 44063671)
    • (2006) Polar Research , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 91-113
    • Kohler, J.1    Brandt, O.2    Johansson, M.3    Callaghan, T.4
  • 42
    • 80052550973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Summary Report by ICSU/ WMO Joint Committee for International Polar Year 2007-2008, University of the Arctic, Roveniemi. Edmonton: CCI Press
    • Krupnik, I., et al. 2011. Understanding Earth's polar challenges: International Polar Year 2007-2008. Summary Report by ICSU/ WMO Joint Committee for International Polar Year 2007-2008, University of the Arctic, Roveniemi. Edmonton: CCI Press.
    • (2011) Understanding Earth's Polar Challenges: International Polar Year 2007-2008
    • Krupnik, I.1
  • 43
    • 0036191987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid recent range-margin rise of tree and shrub species in the Swedish Scandes
    • DOI 10.1046/j.0022-0477.2001.00630.x
    • Kullman, L. 2002. Rapid recent range-margin rise of tree and shrub species in the Swedish Scandes. Journal of Ecology 90: 68-77. (Pubitemid 34196977)
    • (2002) Journal of Ecology , vol.90 , Issue.1 , pp. 68-77
    • Kullman, L.1
  • 44
    • 79956276671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land use and land cover change in Arctic Russia: Ecological and social implications of industrial development
    • doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010. 12.010
    • Kumpula, T., A. Pajunen, E. Kaarleja, B.C. Forbes, and F. Stammler. 2011. Land use and land cover change in Arctic Russia: Ecological and social implications of industrial development. Global Environmental Change. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010. 12.010.
    • (2011) Global Environmental Change
    • Kumpula, T.1    Pajunen, A.2    Kaarleja, E.3    Forbes, B.C.4    Stammler, F.5
  • 45
    • 60049096513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of cryptogam composition and diversity in Sphagnum-dominated peatlands: The importance of temporal, spatial and functional scales
    • Lang, S.I., J.H.C. Cornelissen, A. Hölzer, C.J.F. ter Braak, M. Ahrens, T.V. Callaghan, and R. Aerts. 2009. Determinants of cryptogam composition and diversity in Sphagnum-dominated peatlands: The importance of temporal, spatial and functional scales. Journal of Ecology 97: 299-310.
    • (2009) Journal of Ecology , vol.97 , pp. 299-310
    • Lang, S.I.1    Cornelissen, J.H.C.2    Hölzer, A.3    Ter Braak, C.J.F.4    Ahrens, M.5    Callaghan, T.V.6    Aerts, R.7
  • 46
    • 80052517213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in tundra pond limnology: Re-sampling Alaskan ponds after 40 years
    • doi:10.1007/s13280-011-0165-1
    • Lougheed, V.L., M.G. Butler, D.C. McEwen, and J.E. Hobbie. 2011. Changes in tundra pond limnology: Re-sampling Alaskan ponds after 40 years. Ambio. doi:10.1007/s13280-011-0165-1.
    • (2011) Ambio.
    • Lougheed, V.L.1    Butler, M.G.2    McEwen, D.C.3    Hobbie, J.E.4
  • 47
    • 80052536791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term effects of grazing and global warming on the composition and carrying capacity of graminoid marshes for moulting geese in East Greenland
    • doi:10.1007/s13280- 011-0170-4
    • Madsen, J., C. Jaspers, M. Tamstorf, C.E. Mortensen, and F. Rigét. 2011. Long-term effects of grazing and global warming on the composition and carrying capacity of graminoid marshes for moulting geese in East Greenland. Ambio. doi:10.1007/s13280- 011-0170-4.
    • (2011) Ambio.
    • Madsen, J.1    Jaspers, C.2    Tamstorf, M.3    Mortensen, C.E.4    Rigét, F.5
  • 49
    • 80052533460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expansion of canopy- forming willows over the 20th century on Herschel Island, Yukon Territory, Canada
    • doi:10.1007/s13280-011- 0168-y
    • Myers-Smith, I.H., D.S. Hik, C. Kennedy, D. Cooley, J.F. Johnstone, A.J. Kenney, and C.J. Krebs. 2011. Expansion of canopy- forming willows over the 20th century on Herschel Island, Yukon Territory, Canada. Ambio. doi:10.1007/s13280-011- 0168-y.
    • (2011) Ambio.
    • Myers-Smith, I.H.1    Hik, D.S.2    Kennedy, C.3    Cooley, D.4    Johnstone, J.F.5    Kenney, A.J.6    Krebs, C.J.7
  • 54
    • 77952429242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High Arctic vegetation after 70 years: A repeated analysis from Svalbard
    • Prach, K., J. Kosnar, J. Klimesova, and M. Hais. 2010. High Arctic vegetation after 70 years: A repeated analysis from Svalbard. Polar Biology 33: 635-639.
    • (2010) Polar Biology , vol.33 , pp. 635-639
    • Prach, K.1    Kosnar, J.2    Klimesova, J.3    Hais, M.4
  • 56
    • 3042802746 scopus 로고
    • Växtvärlden i Abisko nationalpark
    • ed, ed. K. Curry-Lindahl, Uppsala: Bokförlaget Svensk Natur. (in Swedish)
    • Sandberg, G. 1963. Växtvärlden i Abisko nationalpark. In Natur i Lappland, II ed, ed. K. Curry-Lindahl, 885-909. Uppsala: Bokförlaget Svensk Natur. (in Swedish).
    • (1963) Natur i Lappland , vol.2 , pp. 885-909
    • Sandberg, G.1
  • 62
    • 0035978807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing shrub abundance in the Arctic
    • DOI 10.1038/35079180
    • Sturm, M., C.H. Racine, and K.D. Tape. 2001. Increasing shrub abundance in the Arctic. Nature 411: 546-547. (Pubitemid 32531391)
    • (2001) Nature , vol.411 , Issue.6837 , pp. 546-547
    • Sturm, M.1    Racine, C.2    Tape, K.3
  • 64
    • 33645510833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evidence for shrub expansion in Northern Alaska and the Pan-Arctic
    • Tape, K.D., M. Sturm, and C.H. Racine. 2006. The evidence for shrub expansion in Northern Alaska and the Pan-Arctic. Global Change Biology 12: 686-702.
    • (2006) Global Change Biology , vol.12 , pp. 686-702
    • Tape, K.D.1    Sturm, M.2    Racine, C.H.3
  • 66
    • 79551519659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A century of tree line changes in sub-Arctic Sweden show local and regional variability and only a minor role of 20th century climate warming
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02453.x
    • Van Bogaert, R., K. Haneca, J. Hoogesteger, C. Jonasson, M. De Dapper, and T.V. Callaghan. 2011. A century of tree line changes in sub-Arctic Sweden show local and regional variability and only a minor role of 20th century climate warming. Journal of Biogeography. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02453.x.
    • (2011) Journal of Biogeography
    • Van Bogaert, R.1    Haneca, K.2    Hoogesteger, J.3    Jonasson, C.4    De Dapper, M.5    Callaghan, T.V.6
  • 67
    • 77955294325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competitive interaction between aspen and birch moderated by invertebrate and vertebrate herbivores and climate warming
    • Van Bogaert, R., C. Jonasson, M. De Dapper, and T.V. Callaghan. 2009. Competitive interaction between aspen and birch moderated by invertebrate and vertebrate herbivores and climate warming. Plant Ecology & Diversity 2: 221-232.
    • (2009) Plant Ecology & Diversity , vol.2 , pp. 221-232
    • Van Bogaert, R.1    Jonasson, C.2    De Dapper, M.3    Callaghan, T.V.4
  • 70
    • 44949145210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The greening and browning of Alaska based on 1982-2003 satellite data
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2008.00396.x
    • Verbyla, D. 2008. The greening and browning of Alaska based on 1982-2003 satellite data. Global Ecology and Biogeography 17: 547-555. (Pubitemid 351819284)
    • (2008) Global Ecology and Biogeography , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 547-555
    • Verbyla, D.1
  • 73
    • 35548955631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4 during the last deglaciation
    • DOI 10.1126/science.1142924
    • Walter, K.M., M.E. Edwards, G. Grosse, S.A. Zimov, and F.S. Chapin. 2007. Thermokarst lakes as a source of atmospheric CH4 during the last deglaciation. Science 318: 633-636. (Pubitemid 350014834)
    • (2007) Science , vol.318 , Issue.5850 , pp. 633-636
    • Walter, K.M.1    Edwards, M.E.2    Grosse, G.3    Zimov, S.A.4    Chapin III, F.S.5
  • 74
    • 39649124443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Future changes in vegetation and ecosystem function of the Barents Region
    • Wolf, A., T.V. Callaghan, and K. Larson. 2008. Future changes in vegetation and ecosystem function of the Barents Region. Climatic Change 87: 51-73.
    • (2008) Climatic Change , vol.87 , pp. 51-73
    • Wolf, A.1    Callaghan, T.V.2    Larson, K.3
  • 75
    • 85010607033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental approaches to predicting the future of tundra plant communities
    • Wookey, P.A. 2008. Experimental approaches to predicting the future of tundra plant communities. Plant Ecology and Diversity 1: 299-307.
    • (2008) Plant Ecology and Diversity , vol.1 , pp. 299-307
    • Wookey, P.A.1
  • 76
    • 78649348280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hot spots of vegetation-climate feedbacks under future greenhouse forcing in Europe
    • doi: 10.1029/2010JD014307
    • Wramneby, A., B. Smith, and P. Samuelsson. 2010. Hot spots of vegetation-climate feedbacks under future greenhouse forcing in Europe. Journal of Geophysical Research 115: D21119. doi: 10.1029/2010JD014307.
    • (2010) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.115
    • Wramneby, A.1    Smith, B.2    Samuelsson, P.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.