Immunopathologic differences of Sjögren's syndrome versus sicca syndrome in HCV and HIV infection

Arthritis Research and Therapy

Volumn 13, Issue 4, 2011, Pages

  Vitali, Claudio ^a  

^a 'Villamarina' Hospital   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CXCR4; CXCL13 CHEMOKINE;

B LYMPHOCYTE; CARCINOGENESIS; CD4+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CLINICAL FEATURE; CRYOGLOBULINEMIA; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DRY EYE; HEPATITIS C; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNOPATHOLOGY; LYMPHOMA; PAROTID ENLARGEMENT; REVIEW; SALIVARY GLAND; SIALOADENITIS; SJOEGREN SYNDROME; T LYMPHOCYTE; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; IMMUNOLOGY; LACRIMAL APPARATUS; PATHOLOGY;

DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; HEPATITIS C, CHRONIC; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; LACRIMAL APPARATUS; SALIVARY GLANDS; SJOGREN'S SYNDROME;

EID: 80052257515     PISSN: 14786354     EISSN: 14786362     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/ar3361     Document Type: Review

References (65)

1. Fox RI. Sjögren's syndrome. Lancet 2005, 366:321-331. 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66990-5, 16039337.
2. Mitsias DI, Kapsogeorgou EK, Moutsopoulos HM. The role of epithelial cells in the initiation and perpetuation of autoimmune lesions: lessons from Sjögren's syndrome (autoimmune epithelitis). Lupus 2006, 15:255-261. 10.1191/0961203306lu2290rr, 16761498.
3. Hansen A, Lipsky PE, Dörner T. Immunopathogenesis of primary Sjögren's syndrome: implications for disease management and therapy. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2005, 17:558-565. 10.1097/01.bor.0000172801.56744.c3, 16093833.
4. Theander E, Jacobsoon LTH. Relationship of Sjögren's syndrome to other connective tissue and autoimmune disorders. Rhem Dis Clin North Am 2008, 34(4):935-947.
5. Daniels TE. Labial salivary gland biopsy in Sjögren's syndrome. Assessment as a diagnostic criterion in 362 suspected cases. Arthritis Rheum 1984, 27:147-156. 10.1002/art.1780270205, 6696772.
6. Pennec YL, Leroy JP, Jouquan J, Lelong A, Katsikis P, Youinou P. Comparison of labial and sublingual salivary gland biopsies in the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 1990, 49:37-39. 10.1136/ard.49.1.37, 1003961, 2310226.
7. Pijpe J, Kalk WWI, van der Wal JE, Vissink A, Kluin P, Roodenburg JLN, Bootsma H, Kallenberg CGM, Spijkervet FKL. Parotid gland biopsy compared with labial biopsy in the diagnosis of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Rheumatology 2007, 46:335-341.
8. Chisholm DM, Mason DK. Labial salivary gland biopsy in Sjögren's syndrome. J Clin Pathol 1968, 21:656-660. 10.1136/jcp.21.5.656, 473887, 5697370.
9. Tarpley TM, Anderson LG, White CL. Minor salivary gland involvement in Sjögren's syndrome. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1974, 37:64-74. 10.1016/0030-4220(74)90160-1, 4586901.
10. Vitali C, Bombardieri S, Jonsson R, Alexander EL, Carsons SE, Daniels TE, Fox PC, Fox RI, Kassan SS, Pillemer SR, Talal N, Weisman MH. Classification criteria for Sjögren's syndrome: a revised version of the European criteria proposed by the American-European Consensus Group. Ann Rheum Dis 2002, 61:554-558. 10.1136/ard.61.6.554, 1754137, 12006334.
11. Lindahl G, Hedfors E. Focal lymphocytic infiltrates of salivary glands are not confined to Sjögren's syndrome. Scand J Rheumatol 1986, 61(Suppl):52-55.
12. Drosos AA, Voulgari PV, Psychos DN, Tsifetaki N, Bai M. Sicca syndrome in patients with sarcoidosis. Rheumatol Int 1999, 18:177-180. 10.1007/s002960050081, 10399792.
13. Jorgensen C, Legouffe MC, Perney P, Coste J, Tissot B, Segarra C, Bologna C, Bourrat L, Combe B, Blanc F, Sany J. Sicca syndrome associated with hepatitis C virus infection. Arthritis Rheum 1996, 39:1166-1171. 10.1002/art.1780390714, 8670326.
14. Itescu S, Brancato LJ, Winchester R. A sicca syndrome in HIV infection: association with HLA-DR5 and CD8 lymphocytosis. Lancet 1989, 2:466-468.
15. Venables PJ, Rigby SP. Viruses in the etiopathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome. J Rheumatol 1997, 50(Suppl):3-5.
16. Triantafyllopoulou A, Tapinos N, Moutsopoulos HM. Evidence for Coxsackievirus infection in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 2004, 50:2897-2902. 10.1002/art.20463, 15457458.
17. Spachidou MP, Bourazopoulou E, Maratheftis CI, Kapsogeorgou EK, Moutsopoulos HM, Tzioufas AG, Manoussakis MN. Expression of functional Toll like receptors by salivary gland epithelial cells: increased mRNA expression in cells derived from patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Clin Exp Immunol 2007, 147:497-503. 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03311.x, 1810489, 17302899.
18. Gottenberg JE, Cagnard N, Lucchesi C, Letourneur F, Mistou S, Lazure T, Jacques S, Ba N, Ittah M, Lepajolec C, Labetoulle M, Ardizzone M, Sibilia J, Fournier C, Chiocchia G, Mariette X. Activation of IFN pathways and plasmacytoid dendritic cell recruitment in target organs of primary Sjogren's syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006, 103:2770-2775. 10.1073/pnas.0510837103, 1413808, 16477017.
19. Patel YI, McHugh NJ. Apoptosis-new clues to the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome?. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2000, 39:119-121.
20. Baccala R, Kono DH, Theofilopoulos AN. Interferons as pathogenic effectors in autoimmunity. Immunol Rev 2005, 204:9-26. 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00252.x, 15790347.
21. Matsumura R, Umemiya K, Goto T, Nakazawa T, Kagami M, Tomioka H, Tanabe E, Sugiyama T, Sueishi M. Glandular and extraglandular expression of costimulatory molecules in patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 2001, 60:473-482. 10.1136/ard.60.5.473, 1753631, 11302869.
22. McArthur C, Wang Y, Veno P, Zhang J, Fiorella R. Intracellular trafficking and surface expression of SS-A (Ro), SS-B (La), poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and alpha-fodrin autoantigens during apoptosis in human salivary gland cells induced by tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Arch Oral Biol 2002, 47:443-448. 10.1016/S0003-9969(02)00025-0, 12102760.
23. Kapsogeorgou EK, Dimitriou ID, Abu-Helu RF, Moutsopoulos HM, Manoussakis MN. Activation of epithelial and myoepithelial cells in the salivary glands of patients with Sjögren's syndrome: high expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM.1) in biopsy specimens and cultured cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2001, 124:126-133. 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2001.01500.x, 1906035, 11359451.
24. Katsifis GE, Moutsopoulos NM, Wahl SM. T lymphocytes in Sjögren's syndrome: contributors to and regulators of pathophysiology. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2007, 32:252-264. 10.1007/s12016-007-8011-8, 17992592.
25. Matsumura R, Umemiya K, Kagami M, Tomioka H, Tanabe E, Sugiyama T, Sueishi M, Kayagaki N, Yagita H, Okumura K. Expression of TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) on infiltrating cells and of TRAIL receptors on salivary glands in patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2002, 20:791-798.
26. Manoussakis MN, Boiu S, Korkolopoulou P, Kapsogeorgou EK, Kavantzas N, Ziakas P, Patsouris E, Moutsopoulos HM. Rates of infiltration by macrophages and dendritic cells and expression of interleukin-18 and interleukin-12 in the chronic inflammatory lesions of Sjogren's syndrome: correlation with certain features of immune hyperactivity and factors associated with high risk of lymphoma development. Arthritis Rheum 2007, 56:3977-3988. 10.1002/art.23073, 18050195.
27. Katsifis GE, Rekka S, Moutsopoulos NM, Pillemer S, Wahl SM. Systemic and local interleukin-17 and linked cytokines associated with Sjögren's syndrome immunopathogenesis. Am J Pathol 2009, 175:1167-1177. 10.2353/ajpath.2009.090319, 2731135, 19700754.
28. Lan RY, Ansari AA, Lian ZX, Gershwin ME. Regulatory T cells: development, function and role in autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 2005, 4:351-363. 10.1016/j.autrev.2005.01.007, 16081026.
29. Christodoulou MI, Kapsogeorgou EK, Moutsopoulos NM, Moutsopoulos HM. Foxp3+ T-regulatory cells in Sjögren's syndrome: correlation with the grade of the autoimmune lesion and certain adverse prognostic factors. Am J Pathol 2008, 173:1389-1396. 10.2353/ajpath.2008.080246, 2570129, 18818377.
30. Christodoulou MI, Kapsogeorgou EK, Moutsopoulos HM. Characteristics of the minor salivary gland infiltrates in Sjögren's syndrome. J Autoimmun 2010, 34:400-407. 10.1016/j.jaut.2009.10.004, 19889514.
31. Bombardieri M, Barone F, Humby F, Kelly S, McGurk M, Morgan P, Challacombe S, De Vita S, Valesini G, Spencer J, Pitzalis C. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase expression in follicular dendritic cell networks and interfollicular large B cells supports functionality of ectopic lymphoid neogenesis in autoimmune sialoadenitis and MALT lymphoma in Sjögren's syndrome. J Immunol 2007, 179:4929-4938.
32. Gottenberg JE, Busson M, Cohen-Solal J, Lavie F, Abbed K, Kimberly RP, Sibilia J, Mariette X. Correlation of serum B lymphocyte stimulator and beta-2 microglobulin with autoantibody secretion and systemic involvement in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 2005, 64:1050-1055. 10.1136/ard.2004.030643, 1755548, 15640273.
33. Hansen A, Lipsky PE, Dörner T. B cells in Sjögren's syndrome: indications for disturbed selection and differentiation in ectopic lymphoid tissue. Arthritis Res Ther 2007, 9:218-230. 10.1186/ar2210, 2206371, 17697366.
34. Barone F, Bombardieri M, Manzo A, Blades MC, Morgan PR, Challacombe SJ, Valesini G, Pitzalis C. Association of CXCL13 and CCL21 expression with the progressive organization of lymphoid-like structures in Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 2005, 52:1773-1784. 10.1002/art.21062, 15934082.
35. Youinou P, Devauchelle-Pensec V, Pers J-O. Significance of B cells and B cell clonality in Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 2010, 62:2605-2610. 10.1002/art.27564, 20496425.
36. Lavie F, Miceli-Richard C, Quillard J, Roux S, Leclerc P, Mariette X. Expression of BAFF (BLys) in T cell infiltrating labial salivary glands from patients with Sjögren's syndrome. J Pathol 2004, 202:496-502. 10.1002/path.1533, 15095277.
37. Ittah M, Miceli-Richard C, Gottenberg JE, Lavie F, Lazure T, Ba N, Sellam J, Lepajolec C, Mariette X. B-cell activating factor of the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF) is expressed under stimulation by interferon in salivary gland epithelial cells in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis Res Ther 2006, 8:R51. 10.1186/ar1912, 1526588, 16507175.
38. Toussirot E, Le Huédé G, Mougin C, Balblanc JC, Bettinger D, Wendling D. Presence of hepatitis C virus RNA in the salivary glands of patients with Sjögren's syndrome and hepatitis C virus infection. J Rheumatol 2002, 29:2382-2385.
39. Arrieta JJ, Rodriguez-Ingo E, Ortiz-Movilla N, Bartolomé J, Pardo M, Manzarbeitia F, Oliva H, Macias DM, Carreno V. In situ detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in salivary glands. Am J Pathol 2001, 158:259-264. 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63964-8, 1850261, 11141499.
40. Loustaud-Ratti V, Riche A, Liozon E, Labrousse F, Soria P, Rogez S, Babany G, Delaire L, Denis F, Vidal E. Prevalence and characteristics of Sjögren's syndrome or Sicca syndrome in chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a prospective study. J Rheumatol 2001, 28:2245-2251.
41. Carrozzo M. Oral diseases associated with hepatitis C virus infection. Part 1: sialadenitis and salivary glands lymphoma. Oral Dis 2008, 14:123-130. 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2007.01436.x, 18208477.
42. Vitali C, Sciuto M, Neri R, Greco F, Mavridis AK, Tzioufas A, Tsianos EV. Antihepatitis C virus antibodies in primary Sjögren's syndrome: false positive results are related to hyper-gamma-globulinaemia. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1992, 10:103-104.
43. Ramos-Casals M, De Vita S, Tzioufas AG. Hepatitis C virus, Sjögren's syndrome and B-cell lymphoma: linking infection, autoimmunity and cancer. Autoimmun Rev 2005, 4:8-15. 10.1016/j.autrev.2004.04.004, 15652773.
44. Freni MA, Artuso D, Gerken G, Spanti C, Marafioti T, Alessi N, Spadaro A, Ajello A, Ferraù O. Focal lymphocytic aggregates in chronic hepatitis C: occurrence, immunohistochemical characterization, and relation to markers of autoimmunity. Hepatology 1995, 22:389-394.
45. Ramos-Casals M, Font J. Extrahepatic manifestations in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2005, 17:447-455.
46. Koike K, Moriya K, Ishibashi K, Yotsuyanagi H, Shintani Y, Fujie H, Kurokawa K, Matsuura Y, Miyamura T. Sialadenitis histologically resembling Sjögren's syndrome in mice transgenic for hepatitis C virus envelope genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997, 94:233-236. 10.1073/pnas.94.1.233, 19297, 8990191.
47. Ohoka S, Tanaka Y, Amako Y, Kohara M, Ishidate K, Watanabe M, Takahashi Y, Sato C. Sialadenitis in patients with chronic hepatitis C is not directly related to hepatitis C virus. Hepatol Res 2003, 27:23-29. 10.1016/S1386-6346(03)00196-7, 12957203.
48. Rehermann B. Hepatitis C virus versus innate and adaptive immune responses: a tale of coevolution and coexistence. J Clin Invest 2009, 119:1745-1754. 10.1172/JCI39133, 2701885, 19587449.
49. Machida K, Cheng KT, Sung VM, Shimodaira S, Lindsay KL, Levine AM, Lai MY, Lai MM. Hepatitis C virus induces a mutator phenotype: enhanced mutations of immunoglobulin and protooncogenes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004, 101:4262-4267. 10.1073/pnas.0303971101, 384729, 14999097.
50. Suarez F, Lortholary O, Hermine O, Lecuit M. Infection-associated lymphomas derived from marginal zone B cells: a model of antigen-driven lymphoproliferation. Blood 2006, 107:3034-3044. 10.1182/blood-2005-09-3679, 16397126.
51. De Re V, De Vita S, Gasparotto D, Marzotto A, Carbone A, Ferraccioli G, Boiocchi M. Salivary gland B cell lymphoproliferative disorders in Sjögren's syndrome present a restricted use of antigen receptor gene segments similar to those used by hepatitis C virus-associated non-Hodgkins's lymphomas. Eur J Immunol 2002, 32:903-910. 10.1002/1521-4141(200203)32:3<903::AID-IMMU903>3.0.CO;2-D, 11870635.
52. Ramos-Casals M, la Civita L, de Vita S, Solans R, Luppi M, Medina F, Caramaschi P, Fadda P, de Marchi G, Lopez-Guillermo A, Font J, . SS-HCV Study Group Characterization of B cell lymphoma in patients with Sjögren's syndrome and hepatitis C virus infection. Arthritis Rheum 2007, 57:161-170. 10.1002/art.22476, 17266090, SS-HCV Study Group.
53. De Vita S, Boiocchi M, Sorrentino D, Carbone A, Avellini C, Dolcetti R, Marzotto A, Gloghini A, Bartoli E, Beltrami CA, Ferraccioli G. Characterization of prelymphomatous stages of B cell lymphoproliferation in Sjögren's syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 1997, 40:318-331. 10.1002/art.1780400217, 9041944.
54. Vallisa D, Bernuzzi P, Arcaini L, Sacchi S, Callea V, Marasca R, Lazzaro A, Trabacchi E, Anselmi E, Arcari AL, Moroni C, Bertè R, Lazzarino M, Cavanna L. Role of anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment in HCV-related, low-grade, B-cell, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a multicenter Italian experience. J Clin Oncol 2005, 23:468-473.
55. Medina-Rodriguez F, Guzman C, Jara LJ, Hermida C, Alboukrek D, Cervera H, Miranda JM, Fraga A. Rheumatic manifestations in human immunodeficiency virus positive and negative individuals: a study of 2 populations with similar risk factors. J Rheumatol 1993, 20:1880-1884.
56. Buskila D, Gladman DD, Langevitz P, Bookman AA, Fanning M, Salit IE. Rheumatologic manifestations of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV). Clin Exp Rheumatol 1990, 8:567-573.
57. Calabrese LH, Kirchner E, Shrestha R. Rheumatic complications of human immunodeficiency virus infection in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: emergence of a new syndrome of immune reconstitution and changing patterns of disease. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2005, 35:166-174. 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2005.03.007, 16325657.
58. Kordossis T, Paikos S, Aroni K, Kitsanta P, Dimitrakopoulos A, Kavouklis E, Alevizou V, Kyriaki P, Skopouli FN, Moutsopoulos HM. Prevalence of Sjögren's-like syndrome in a cohort of HIV-1-positive patients: descriptive pathology and immunopathology. Br J Rheumatol 1998, 37:691-695. 10.1093/rheumatology/37.6.691, 9667626.
59. Basu D, Williams FM, Ahn CW, Reveille JD. Changing spectrum of the diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 2006, 55:466-472. 10.1002/art.21980, 16739215.
60. Panayiotakopoulos GD, Aroni K, Kyriaki D, Paikos S, Vouyioukas N, Vlachos A, Kontos AN, Kordossis T. Paucity of Sjögren's-like syndrome in a cohort of HIV-1-positive patients in the HAART era: part II. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2003, 42:1164-1167.
61. Kazi S, Cohen PR, Williams F, Schempp R, Reveille JD. The diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome. Clinical and immunogenetic features in 35 patients. AIDS 1996, 10:385-391. 10.1097/00002030-199604000-00006, 8728042.
62. Ishimaru F. Regression of HIV-associated mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma during highly active anti-retroviral therapy [letter]. Clin Infect Dis 2008, 46:1124.
63. Levine AM, Sadeghi S, Espina B, Tulpule A, Nathwani B. Characteristics of indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma in patients with type 1 human immunodeficiency virus infection. Cancer 2002, 94:1500-1506. 10.1002/cncr.10368, 11920507.
64. Girard T, Luquet-Besson I, Baran-Marszak F, Raphael M, Boue F. HIV+ MALT lymphoma remission induced by highly active antiretroviral therapy alone. Eur J Haematol 2005, 74:70-72. 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2004.00339.x, 15613110.
65. Launay O, Guillevin L. Epidemiology of HIV-associated malignancies. Bull Cancer 2003, 90:387-392.