Complement in health and disease

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews

Volumn 63, Issue 12, 2011, Pages 965-975

  Carroll, Maria V ^a   Sim, Robert B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Autoimmunity; Blood plasma; Collectins; Complement; Disease; Infection; Inflammation; Innate immunity; Opsonisation; Phagocytosis

Indexed keywords

AUTOIMMUNITY; BLOOD PLASMA; COLLECTINS; COMPLEMENT; INFECTION; INFLAMMATION; INNATE IMMUNITY; OPSONISATION; PHAGOCYTOSIS;

ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY REACTIONS; BACTERIA; BACTERIOLOGY; BLOOD; CELL MEMBRANES; PROTEINS; TISSUE;

PATHOLOGY;

ALTERNATIVE COMPLEMENT PATHWAY C3 C5 CONVERTASE; CD59 ANTIGEN; CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT PATHWAY C3 C5 CONVERTASE; CLUSTERIN; COLLECTIN; COMPLEMENT COMPONENT C1Q; COMPLEMENT COMPONENT C1R; COMPLEMENT COMPONENT C1S; COMPLEMENT COMPONENT C1S INHIBITOR; COMPLEMENT COMPONENT C2; COMPLEMENT COMPONENT C3; COMPLEMENT COMPONENT C3B; COMPLEMENT COMPONENT C3B RECEPTOR; COMPLEMENT COMPONENT C3D; COMPLEMENT COMPONENT C4; COMPLEMENT COMPONENT C4B; COMPLEMENT COMPONENT C4D; COMPLEMENT COMPONENT C9; COMPLEMENT FACTOR H; COMPLEMENT FACTOR I; COMPLEMENT RECEPTOR; DECAY ACCELERATING FACTOR; FICOLIN; MANNAN BINDING LECTIN; MANNAN BINDING LECTIN ASSOCIATED SERINE PROTEINASE; MEMBRANE COFACTOR PROTEIN; PROPERDIN; REGULATOR PROTEIN; VITRONECTIN;

AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; BACTERIAL IMMUNITY; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION; COMPLEMENT ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY; COMPLEMENT CLASSICAL PATHWAY; COMPLEMENT LECTIN PATHWAY; COMPLEMENT SYSTEM; CYTOLYSIS; ENZYME ACTIVITY; HOMEOSTASIS; HOST RESISTANCE; HUMAN; INFECTION SENSITIVITY; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NONHUMAN; OPSONIZATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; REPERFUSION INJURY; RETINA MACULA AGE RELATED DEGENERATION; REVIEW; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS;

ANIMALS; COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION; COMPLEMENT SYSTEM PROTEINS; HUMANS; IMMUNITY;

EID: 80052162537     PISSN: 0169409X     EISSN: 18728294     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.06.005     Document Type: Review

References (155)

1. Alper C.A. A history of complement genetics. Exp Clin Immunogenet 1998, 15:203-212.
2. Morley B.J., Walport M.J. The Complement Facts Book 2000, Academic Press, London.
3. Figueroa J.E., Densen P. Infectious diseases associated with complement deficiencies. Clin Microbiol Rev 1991, 4:359-395.
4. Whitehead H.R., Gordon J., Wormall A. The "third component" or heat-stable factor of complement. Biochem J 1925, 19:618-625.
5. Gordon J., Whitehead H.R., Wormall A. The action of ammonia on complement. The fourth component. Biochem J 1926, 20:1028-1035.
6. Gordon J., Wormall A. The relationship between haemolytic complement of guinea-pig serum and lipase. Biochem J 1929, 23:730-737.
7. Pillemer L., Ecker E.E., Oncley J.L., Cohn E.J. The preparation and physicochemical characterization of the serum protein components of complement. J Exp Med 1941, 74:297-308.
8. Nelson D.S., Nelson R.A. On the mechanism of immune-adherence. I. Differentiation from acid-adhesion of bacteria to erythrocytes. Yale J Biol Med 1959, 31:185-200.
9. Nelson R.A., Jensen J., Gigli I., Tamura N. Methods for the separation, purification and measurement of nine components of hemolytic complement in guinea-pig serum. Immunochemistry 1966, 3:111-135.
10. Wedgewood R.J., Pillemer L. The nature and interactions of the properdin system. Acta Haematol 1958, 20:253-259.
11. Müller-Eberhard H.J. Complement. Annu Rev Biochem 1975, 44:697-724.
12. Müller-Eberhard H.J. Molecular organization and function of the complement system. Annu Rev Biochem 1988, 57:321-347.
13. Campbell R.D., Law S.K.A., Reid K.B.M., Sim R.B. Structure, organization, and regulation of the complement genes. Annu Rev Immunol 1988, 6:161-195.
14. Wilson J.G., Andriopoulos N.A., Fearon D.T. CR1 and the cell membrane proteins that bind C3 and C4. A basic and clinical review. Immunol Res 1987, 6:192-209.
15. Hourcade D., Holers V.M., Atkinson J.P. The regulators of complement activation (RCA) gene cluster. Adv Immunol 1989, 45:381-416.
16. Pepys Role M.B. of complement in induction of antibody production in vivo. Effect of cobra factor and other C3-reactive agents on thymus-dependent and thymus-independent antibody responses. J Exp Med 1974, 140:126-145.
17. Fearon D.T. The complement system and adaptive immunity. Semin Immunol 1998, 10:355-361.
18. Ikeda K., Sannoh T., Kawasaki N., Kawasaki T., Yamashina I. Serum lectin with known structure activates complement through the classical pathway. J Biol Chem 1987, 262:7451-7454.
19. Walport M.J., Davies K.A., Botto M. C1q and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunobiology 1998, 199:265-285.
20. Day A.J., Willis A.C., Ripoche J., Sim R.B. Sequence polymorphism of human complement factor H. Immunogenetics 1988, 27:211-214.
21. Rodriguez de Córdoba S., de Jorge E.G. Genetics and disease associations of human complement factor H. Clin Exp Immunol 2008, 151:1-13.
22. Clark S.J., Higman V.A., Mulloy B., Perkins S.J., Lea S.M., Sim R.B., Day A.J. His-384 allotypic variant of factor H associated with age-related macular degeneration has different heparin binding properties from the non-disease-associated form. J Biol Chem 2006, 281:24713-24720.
23. Nilsson S.C., Sim R.B., Lea S.M., Fremeaux-Bacchi V., Blom A.M. Complement factor I in health and disease. Mol Immunol 2011, Apr 28. [Epub ahead of print].
24. Schwaeble W., Dahl M.R., Thiel S., Stover C., Jensenius J.C. The mannan-binding lectin-associated serine proteases (MASPs) and MAp19: four components of the lectin pathway activation complex encoded by two genes. Immunobiology 2002, 205:455-466.
25. Matsushita M. Ficolins: complement-activating lectins involved in innate immunity. J Innate Immunol 2009, 2:24-32.
26. Hansen S., Selman L., Palaniyar N., Ziegler K., Brandt J., Kliem A., Jonasson M., Skjoedt M.O., Nielsen O., Hartshorn K., Jørgensen T.J., Skjødt K., Holmskov U. Collectin 11 (CL-11, CL-K1) is a MASP-1/3-associated plasma collectin with microbial-binding activity. J Immunol 2010, 185:6096-6104.
27. Arlaud G.J., Barlow P.N., Gaboriaud C., Gros P., Narayana S.V. Deciphering complement mechanisms: the contributions of structural biology. Mol Immunol 2007, 44:3809-3822.
28. Gros P., Milder F.J., Janssen B.J. Complement driven by conformational changes. Nat Rev Immunol 2008, 8:48-58.
29. Qu H., Magotti P., Ricklin D., Wu E.L., Kourtzelis I., Wu Y.Q., Kaznessis Y.N., Lambris J.D. Novel analogues of the therapeutic complement inhibitor compstatin with significantly improved affinity and potency. Mol Immunol 2011, 48:481-489.
30. Schwaeble W.J., Lynch N.J., Clark J.E., Marber M., Samani N.J., Ali Y.M., Dudler T., Parent B., Lhotta K., Wallis R., Farrar C.A., Sacks S., Lee H., Zhang M., Iwaki D., Takahashi M., Fujita T., Tedford C.E., Stover C.M. Targeting of mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease-2 confers protection from myocardial and gastrointestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011, 108:7523-7528.
31. Kang Y.H., Tan L.A., Carroll M.V., Gentle M.E., Sim R.B. Target pattern recognition by complement proteins of the classical and alternative pathways. Adv Exp Med Biol 2009, 653:117-128.
32. Arnold J.N., Wormald M.R., Sim R.B., Rudd P.M., Dwek R.A. The impact of glycosylation on the biological function and structure of human immunoglobulins. Annu Rev Immunol 2007, 25:21-50.
33. Frank M.M., Fries L.F. The role of complement in inflammation and phagocytosis. Immunol Today 1991, 12:322-326.
34. Bhakdi S., Tranum-Jensen J. Complement lysis: a hole is a hole. Immunol Today 1991, 12:318-320. discussion 321.
35. Esser A.F. Big MAC attack: complement proteins cause leaky patches. Immunol Today 1991, 12:316-318. discussion 321.
36. Arlaud G.J., Gaboriaud C., Thielens N.M., Rossi V. Structural biology of C1. Biochem Soc Trans 2002, 30:1001-1006.
37. Dodds A.W., Sim R.B., Porter R.R., Kerr M.A. Activation of the first component of human complement (C1) by antibody-antigen aggregates. Biochem J 1978, 175:383-390.
38. Wallis R., Mitchell D.A., Schmid R., Schwaeble W.J., Keeble A.H. Paths reunited: initiation of the classical and lectin pathways of complement activation. Immunobiology 2010, 215:1-11.
39. Porter R.R., Reid K.B.M. The biochemistry of complement. Nature 1978, 275:699-704.
40. Reid K.B.M., Porter R.R. Subunit composition and structure of subcomponent C1q of the first component of human complement. Biochem J 1976, 155:19-23.
41. Tan L.A., Yu B.B., Sim F.C., Kishore U., Sim R.B. Complement activation by phospholipids: the interplay of factor H and C1q. Protein Cell 2010, 1:1033-1049.
42. Hughes-Jones N.C., Gardner B. Reaction between the isolated globular sub-units of the complement component C1q and IgG-complexes. Mol Immunol 1979, 16:697-701.
43. Sim R.B., Malhotra R. Interactions of carbohydrates and lectins with complement. Biochem Soc Trans 1994, 22:106-111.
44. Levy N.J., Kasper D.L. Antibody-independent and -dependent opsonization of group B Streptococcus requires the first component of complement C1. Infect Immun 1985, 49:19-24.
45. Levy N.J., Kasper D.L. Surface-bound capsular polysaccharide of type Ia group B Streptococcus mediates C1 binding and activation of the classic complement pathway. J Immunol 1986, 136:4157-4162.
46. Koroleva I.V., Sjoholm A.G., Schalen C. Binding of complement subcomponent C1q to Streptococcus pyogenes: evidence for interactions with the M5 and FcRA76 proteins. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 1998, 20:11-20.
47. Clas F., Loos M. Antibody-independent binding of the first component of complement (C1) and its subcomponent C1q to the S and R forms of Salmonella minnesota. Infect Immun 1981, 31:1138-1144.
48. Tenner A.J., Ziccardi R.J., Cooper N.R. Antibody-independent C1 activation by E. coli. J Immunol 1984, 133:886-891.
49. Latsch M., Mollerfeld J., Ringsdorf H., Loos M. Studies on the interaction of C1q, a subcomponent of the first component of complement, with porins from Salmonella minnesota incorporated into artificial membranes. FEBS Lett 1990, 276:201-204.
50. Salvador-Morales C., Flahaut E., Sim E., Sloan J., Green M.L., Sim R.B. Complement activation and protein adsorption by carbon nanotubes. Mol Immunol 2006, 43:193-201.
51. Rybak-Smith M.J., Pondman K.M., Flahaut E., Salvador-Morales C., Sim R.B. Recognition of carbon nanotubes by the human innate immune system. Carbon Nanotubes for Biomedical Applications 2011, 183-210. Springer Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg. R. Klingeler, R.B. Sim (Eds.).
52. Farries T.C., Lachmann P.J., Harrison R.A. Analysis of the interaction between properdin and factor B, components of the alternative-pathway C3 convertase of complement. Biochem J 1988, 253:667-675.
53. Fearon D.T., Austen K.F. Properdin: binding to C3b and stabilization of the C3b-dependent C3 convertase. J Exp Med 1975, 142:856-863.
54. Hourcade D.E. The role of properdin in the assembly of the alternative pathway C3 convertases of complement. J Biol Chem 2006, 281:2128-2132.
55. Spitzer D., Mitchell L.M., Atkinson J.P., Hourcade D.E. Properdin can initiate complement activation by binding specific target surfaces and providing a platform for de novo convertase assembly. J Immunol 2007, 179:2600-2608.
56. Xu W., Berger S.P., Trouw L.A., de Boer H.C., Schlagwein N., Mutsaers C., Daha M.R., van Kooten C. Properdin binds to late apoptotic and necrotic cells independently of C3b and regulates alternative pathway complement activation. J Immunol 2008, 180:7613-7621.
57. Holmskov U., Malhotra R., Sim R.B., Jensenius J.C. Collectins: collagenous C-type lectins of the innate immune defense system. Immunol Today 1994, 15:67-74.
58. Wallis R., Dodd R.B. Interaction of mannose-binding protein with associated serine proteases: effects of naturally occurring mutations. J Biol Chem 2000, 275:30962-30969.
59. Skjoedt M.O., Hummelshoj T., Palarasah Y., Hein E., Munthe-Fog L., Koch C., Skjodt K., Garred P. Serum concentration and interaction properties of MBL/ficolin associated protein-1. Immunobiology 2011, 216:625-632.
60. Chen C.B., Wallis R. Two mechanisms for mannose-binding protein modulation of the activity of its associated serine proteases. J Biol Chem 2004, 279:26058-26065.
61. Zundel S., Cseh S., Lacroix M., Dahl M.R., Matsushita M., Andrieu J.P., Schwaeble W.J., Jensenius J.C., Fujita T., Arlaud G.J., Thielens N.M. Characterization of recombinant mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease (MASP)-3 suggests an activation mechanism different from that of MASP-1 and MASP-2. J Immunol 2004, 172:4342-4350.
62. Gulla K.C., Gupta K., Krarup A., Gal P., Schwaeble W.J., Sim R.B., O'Connor C.D., Hajela K. Activation of mannan-binding lectin-associated serine proteases leads to generation of a fibrin clot. Immunology 2010, 129:482-495.
63. Rooryck C., Diaz-Font A., Osborn D.P., Chabchoub E., Hernandez-Hernandez V., Shamseldin H., Kenny J., Waters J., Jenkins D., Kaissi A.A., Leal G.F., Dallapiccola B., Carnevale F., Bitner-Glindzicz M., Lees M., Hennekam R., Stanier P., Burns A.J., Peeters H., Alkuraya F.S., Beales P.L. Mutations in lectin complement pathway genes COLEC11 and MASP1 cause 3MC syndrome. Nat Genet 2011, 43:197-203.
64. Malhotra R., Lu J., Holmskov U., Sim R.B. Collectins, collectin receptors and the lectin pathway of complement activation. Clin Exp Immunol 1994, 97(Suppl 2):4-9.
65. Wallis R. Structural and functional aspects of complement activation by mannose-binding protein. Immunobiology 2002, 205:433-445.
66. Drickamer K., Taylor M.E. Biology of animal lectins. Annu Rev Cell Biol 1993, 9:237-264.
67. Kawasaki N., Kawasaki T., Yamashina I. A serum lectin (mannan-binding protein) has complement-dependent bactericidal activity. J Biochem 1989, 106:483-489.
68. Levitz S.M., Tabuni T., Treseler C. Effect of mannose-binding protein on binding of Cryptococcus neoformans to human phagocytes. Infect Immun 1993, 61:4891-4893.
69. van Emmerik L.C., Kuijper E.J., Fijen C.A., Dankert J., Thiel S. Binding of mannan-binding protein to various bacterial pathogens of meningitis. Clin Exp Immunol 1994, 97:411-416.
70. Polotsky V.Y., Belisle J.T., Mikusova K., Ezekowitz R.A.B., Joiner K.A. Interaction of human mannose-binding protein with Mycobacterium avium. J Infect Dis 1997, 175:1159-1168.
71. Jack D.L., Dodds A.W., Anwar N., Ison C.A., Law A., Frosch M., Turner M.W., Klein N.J. Activation of complement by mannose-binding lectin on isogenic mutants of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B. J Immunol 1998, 160:1346-1353.
72. Neth O., Jack D.L., Dodds A.W., Holzel H., Klein N.J., Turner M.W. Mannose-binding lectin binds to a range of clinically relevant microorganisms and promotes complement deposition. Infect Immun 2000, 68:688-693.
73. Kuhlman M., Joiner K., Ezekowitz R.A.B. The human mannose-binding protein functions as an opsonin. J Exp Med 1989, 169:1733-1745.
74. Malhotra R., Wormald M.R., Rudd P.M., Fischer P.B., Dwek R.A., Sim R.B. Glycosylation changes of IgG associated with rheumatoid arthritis can activate complement via the mannose-binding protein. Nat Med 1995, 1:237-243.
75. Krarup A., Sorensen U.B., Matsushita M., Jensenius J.C., Thiel S. Effect of capsulation of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria on binding of the pattern recognition molecules mannan-binding lectin, L-ficolin, and H-ficolin. Infect Immun 2005, 73:1052-1060.
76. Matsushita M., Endo Y., Taira S., Sato Y., Fujita T., Ichikawa N., Nakata M., Mizuochi T. A novel human serum lectin with collagen- and fibrinogen-like domains that functions as an opsonin. J Biol Chem 1996, 271:2448-2454.
77. Endo Y., Matsushita M., Fujita T. Role of ficolin in innate immunity and its molecular basis. Immunobiology 2007, 212:371-379.
78. Matsushita M., Kuraya M., Hamasaki N., Tsujimura M., Shiraki H., Fujita T. Activation of the lectin complement pathway by H-ficolin. J Immunol 2002, 168:3502-3506.
79. Thiel S. Complement activating soluble pattern recognition molecules with collagen-like regions, mannan-binding lectin, ficolins and associated proteins. Mol Immunol 2007, 44:3875-3888.
80. Cestari I.D., Krarup A., Sim R.B., Inal J.M., Ramirez M.I. Role of early lectin pathway activation in the complement-mediated killing of Trypanosoma cruzi. Mol Immunol 2009, 47:426-437.
81. Kuraya M., Ming Z., Liu X., Matsushita M., Fujita T. Specific binding of L-ficolin and H-ficolin to apoptotic cells leads to complement activation. Immunobiology 2005, 209:689-697.
82. Krarup A., Thiel S., Hansen A., Fujita T., Jensenius J.C. L-ficolin is a pattern recognition molecule specific for acetyl groups. J Biol Chem 2004, 279:47513-47519.
83. Krarup A., Wallis R., Presanis J.S., Gal P., Sim R.B. Simultaneous activation of complement and coagulation by MBL-associated serine protease 2. PLoS ONE 2007, 2:e623.
84. Le Y., Lee S.H., Kon O.L., Lu J. Human L-ficolin: plasma levels, sugar specificity, and assignment of its lectin activity to the fibrinogen-like (FBG) domain. FEBS Lett 1998, 425:367-370. (1998).
85. Lu J., Teh C., Kishore U., Reid K.B.M. Collectins and ficolins: sugar pattern recognition molecules of the mammalian innate immune system. Biochim Biophys Acta 2002, 1572:387-400.
86. Ng P., Le Saux A., Lee C.M., Tan N.S., Lu J., Thiel S., Ho B., Ding J.L. C-reactive protein collaborates with plasma lectins to boost immune response against bacteria. EMBO J 2007, 26:3431-3440.
87. Lynch N.J., Roscher S., Hartung T., Morath S., Matsushita M., Maennel D.N., Kuraya M., Fujita T., Schwaeble W.J. L-ficolin specifically binds to lipoteichoic acid, a cell wall constituent of Gram-positive bacteria, and activates the lectin pathway of complement. J Immunol 2004, 172:1198-1202.
88. Ma Y., Cho M.Y., Zhao M., Park J.W., Matsushita M., Fujita T., Lee B.L. Human mannose-binding lectin and L-ficolin function as specific pattern recognition proteins in the lectin activation pathway of complement. J Biol Chem 2004, 279:25307-25312.
89. Aoyagi Y., Adderson E.E., Min J.G., Matsushita M., Fujita T., Takahashi S., Okuwaki Y., Bohnsack J.F. Role of L-ficolin/mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease complexes in the opsonophagocytosis of type III group B streptococci. J Immunol 2005, 174:418-425.
90. Carroll M.V., Lack N., Sim E., Krarup A., Sim R.B. Multiple routes of complement activation by Mycobacterium bovis BCG. Mol Immunol 2009, 46:3367-3378.
91. Frederiksen P.D., Thiel S., Larsen C.B., Jensenius J.C. M-ficolin, an innate immune defence molecule, binds patterns of acetyl groups and activates complement. Scand J Immunol 2005, 62:462-473.
92. Garlatti V., Martin L., Gout E., Reiser J.B., Fujita T., Arlaud G.J., Thielens N.M., Gaboriaud C. Structural basis for innate immune sensing by M-ficolin and its control by a pH-dependent conformational switch. J Biol Chem 2007, 282:35814-35820. (2007).
93. Teh C., Le Y., Lee S.H., Lu J. M-ficolin is expressed on monocytes and is a lectin binding to N-acetyl-d-glucosamine and mediates monocyte adhesion and phagocytosis of Escherichia coli. Immunology 2000, 101:225-232.
94. Liu Y., Endo Y., Iwaki D., Nakata N., Matsushita M., Wada I., Inoue K., Munakata M., Fujita T. Human M-ficolin is a secretory protein that activates the lectin complement pathway. J Immunol 2005, 175:3150-3156.
95. Sim R.B., DiScipio R.G. Purification and structural studies on the complement-system control protein beta 1H (Factor H). Biochem J 1982, 205:285-293. (1982).
96. Ripoche J., Day A.J., Harris T.J.R., Sim R.B. The complete amino acid sequence of human complement factor H. Biochem J 1988, 249:593-602.
97. Gordon D.L., Kaufman R.M., Blackmore T.K., Kwong J., Lublin D.M. Identification of complement regulatory domains in human factor H. J Immunol 1995, 155:348-356.
98. Jokiranta T.S., Hellwage J., Koistinen V., Zipfel P.F., Meri S. Each of the three binding sites on complement factor H interacts with a distinct site on C3b. J Biol Chem 2000, 275:27657-27662. (2000).
99. Clark S.J., Perveen R., Hakobyan S., Morgan B.P., Sim R.B., Bishop P.N., Day A.J. Impaired binding of the age-related macular degeneration-associated complement factor H 402H allotype to Bruch's membrane in human retina. J Biol Chem 2010, 285:30192-30202.
100. Ormsby R.J., Jokiranta T.S., Duthy T.G., Griggs K.M., Sadlon T.A., Giannakis E., Gordon D.L. Localization of the third heparin-binding site in the human complement regulator factor H. Mol Immunol 2006, 43:1624-1632.
101. Blackmore T.K., Hellwage J., Sadlon T.A., Higgs N., Zipfel P.F., Ward H.M., Gordon D.L. Identification of the second heparin-binding domain in human complement factor H. J Immunol 1998, 160:3342-3348.
102. Blackmore T.K., Sadlon T.A., Ward H.M., Lublin D.M., Gordon D.L. Identification of a heparin binding domain in the seventh short consensus repeat of complement factor H. J Immunol 1996, 157:5422-5427.
103. Schneider M.C., Exley R.M., Chan H., Feavers I., Kang Y.H., Sim R.B., Tang C.M. Functional significance of factor H binding to Neisseria meningitidis. J Immunol 2006, 176:7566-7575.
104. Schneider M.C., Prosser B.E., Caesar J.J., Kugelberg E., Li S., Zhang Q., Quoraishi S., Lovett J.E., Deane J.E., Sim R.B., Roversi P., Johnson S., Tang C.M., Lea S.M. Neisseria meningitidis recruits factor H using protein mimicry of host carbohydrates. Nature 2009, 458:890-893.
105. Horstmann R.D., Sievertsen H.J., Knobloch J., Fischetti V.A. Antiphagocytic activity of streptococcal M protein: selective binding of complement control protein factor H. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1988, 85:1657-1661.
106. China B., Sory M.P., N'Guyen B.T., De Bruyere M., Cornelis G.R. Role of the YadA protein in prevention of opsonization of Yersinia enterocolitica by C3b molecules. Infect Immun 1993, 61:3129-3136.
107. Diaz A., Ferreira A., Sim R.B. Complement evasion by Echinococcus granulosus: sequestration of host factor H in the hydatid cyst wall. J Immunol 1997, 158:3779-3786.
108. Ram S., Sharma A.K., Simpson S.D., Gulati S., McQuillen D.P., Pangburn M.K., Rice P.A. A novel sialic acid binding site on factor H mediates serum resistance of sialylated Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J Exp Med 1998, 187:743-752.
109. Dave S., Brooks-Walter A., Pangburn M.K., McDaniel L.S. PspC, a pneumococcal surface protein, binds human factor H. Infect Immun 2001, 69:3435-3437. (2001).
110. Hellwage J., Meri T., Heikkila T., Alitalo A., Panelius J., Lahdenne P., Seppala I.J., Meri S. The complement regulator factor H binds to the surface protein OspE of Borrelia burgdorferi. J Biol Chem 2001, 276:8427-8435.
111. Hallstrom T., Zipfel P.F., Blom A.M., Lauer N., Forsgren A., Riesbeck K. Haemophilus influenzae interacts with the human complement inhibitor factor H. J Immunol 2008, 181:537-545. (2008).
112. Meri S., Pangburn M.K. Discrimination between activators and nonactivators of the alternative pathway of complement: regulation via a sialic acid/polyanion binding site on factor H. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990, 87:3982-3986.
113. Sim R.B., Day A.J., Moffatt B.E., Fontaine M. Complement factor I and cofactors in control of complement system convertase enzymes. Methods Enzymol 1993, 223:13-35.
114. Sim R.B., Moffatt B.E., Shaw J.M., Ferluga J. Complement control proteins and receptors: from FH to CR4. Molecular Aspects of Innate and Adaptive Immunity 2008, 84-104. RSC Publishing, Cambridge, UK. K.B. Reid, R.B. Sim (Eds.).
115. Sjöberg A.P., Trouw L.A., Blom A.M. Complement activation and inhibition: a delicate balance. Trends Immunol 2009, 30:83-90.
116. Tan L.A., Yang A.C., Kishore U., Sim R.B. Interactions of complement proteins C1q and factor H with lipid A and Escherichia coli: further evidence that factor H regulates the classical complement pathway. Protein Cell 2011, 2:320-332.
117. Zipfel P.F., Skerka C., Hellwage J., Jokiranta S.T., Meri S., Brade V., Kraiczy P., Noris M., Remuzzi G. Factor H family proteins: on complement, microbes and human diseases. Biochem Soc Trans 2002, 30:971-978.
118. Hellwage J., Kuhn S., Zipfel P.F. The human complement regulatory factor-H-like protein 1, which represents a truncated form of factor H, displays cell-attachment activity. Biochem J 1997, 326:321-327.
119. Hellwage J., Jokiranta T.S., Koistinen V., Vaarala O., Meri S., Zipfel P.F. Functional properties of complement factor H-related proteins FHR-3 and FHR-4: binding to the C3d region of C3b and differential regulation by heparin. FEBS Lett 1999, 462:345-352.
120. McRae J.L., Cowan P.J., Power D.A., Mitchelhill K.L., Kemp B.E., Morgan B.P., Murphy B.F. Human factor H-related protein 5 (FHR-5). A new complement-associated protein. J Biol Chem 2001, 276:6747-6754.
121. Rodriguez de Cordoba S., Diaz-Guillen M.A., Heine-Suner D. An integrated map of the human regulator of complement activation (RCA) gene cluster on 1q32. Mol Immunol 1999, 36:803-808.
122. Kim D.D., Song W.C. Membrane complement regulatory proteins. Clin Immunol 2006, 118:127-136.
123. Sim R.B., Arlaud G.J., Colomb M.G. C1 inhibitor-dependent dissociation of human complement component C1 bound to immune complexes. Biochem J 1979, 179:449-457.
124. Petersen S.V., Thiel S., Jensen L., Vorup-Jensen T., Koch C., Jensenius J.C. Control of the classical and the MBL pathway of complement activation. Mol Immunol 2000, 37:803-811.
125. Presanis J.S., Hajela K., Ambrus G., Gal P., Sim R.B. Differential substrate and inhibitor profiles for human MASP-1 and MASP-2. Mol Immunol 2004, 40:921-929.
126. Preissner K.T. Structure and biological role of vitronectin. Annu Rev Cell Biol 1991, 7:275-310.
127. Tschopp J., Chonn A., Hertig S., French L.E. Clusterin, the human apolipoprotein and complement inhibitor, binds to complement C7, C8 beta, and the b domain of C9. J Immunol 1993, 151:2159-2165.
128. Fearon D.T. Identification of the membrane glycoprotein that is the C3b receptor of the human erythrocyte, polymorphonuclear leukocyte, B lymphocyte, and monocyte. J Exp Med 1981, 152:20-30.
129. Birmingham D.J., Hebert L.A. CR1 and CR1-like: the primate immune adherence receptors. Immunol Rev 2001, 180:100-111.
130. Helmy K.Y., Katschke K.J., Gorgani N.N., Kljavin N.M., Elliott J.M., Diehl L., Scales S.J., Ghilardi N., van Lookeren Campagne M. CRIg: a macrophage complement receptor required for phagocytosis of circulating pathogens. Cell 2006, 124:915-927.
131. Dempsey P.W., Allison M.E.D., Akkaraju S., Goodnow C.C., Fearon D.T. C3d of complement as a molecular adjuvant: bridging innate and acquired immunity. Science 1996, 121:348-350.
132. Carroll M.C. The role of complement in B cell activation and tolerance. Adv Immunol 2000, 74:61-88.
133. Fearon D.T. Innate immunity-beginning to fulfill its promise?. Nat Immunol 2000, 1:102-103.
134. Flores-Langarica A., Sebti Y., Mitchell D.A., Sim R.B., MacPherson G.G. Scrapie pathogenesis: the role of complement C1q in scrapie agent uptake by conventional dendritic cells. J Immunol 2009, 182:1305-1313.
135. Ben Nasr A., Haithcoat J., Masterson J.E., Gunn J.S., Eaves-Pyles T., Klimpel G.R. Critical role for serum opsonins and complement receptors CR3 (CD11b/CD18) and CR4 (CD11c/CD18) in phagocytosis of Francisella tularensis by human dendritic cells (DC): uptake of Francisella leads to activation of immature DC and intracellular survival of the bacteria. J Leukoc Biol 2006, 80:774-786.
136. Sim R.B., Twose T.M., Paterson D.S., Sim E. The covalent-binding reaction of complement component C3. Biochem J 1981, 193:115-127.
137. Vandivier R.W., Ogden C.A., Fadok V.A., Hoffmann P.R., Brown K.K., Botto M., Walport M.J., Fisher J.H., Henson P.M., Greene K.E. Role of surfactant proteins A, D, and C1q in the clearance of apoptotic cells in vivo and in vitro: calreticulin and CD91 as a common collectin receptor complex. J Immunol 2002, 169:3978-3986.
138. Sim R.B., Moestrup S.K., Stuart G.R., Lynch N.J., Lu J., Schwaeble W.J., Malhotra R. Interaction of Clq and the collectins with the potential receptors calreticulin (cC1qR/collectin receptor) and megalin. Immunobiology 1998, 199:208-224. (1998).
139. Geertsma M.F., Nibbering P.H., Haagsman H.P., Daha M.R., van Furth R. Binding of surfactant protein A to C1q receptors mediates phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by monocytes. Am J Physiol 1994, 267:L578-L584.
140. Colten H.R., Rosen F.S. Complement deficiencies. Annu Rev Immunol 1992, 10:809-834.
141. Pickering M.C., Walport M.J. Links between complement abnormalities and systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2000, 39:133-141.
142. Alchi B., Jayne D. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Pediatr Nephrol 2010, 25:1409-1418.
143. Saunders R.E., Abarrategui-Garrido C., Frémeaux-Bacchi V., Goicoechea de Jorge E., Goodship T.H., López-Trascasa M., Noris M., Ponce Castro I.M., Remuzzi G., Rodríguez de Córdoba S., Sánchez-Corral P., Skerka C., Zipfel P.F., Perkins S.J. The interactive Factor H-atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome mutation database and website: update and integration of membrane cofactor protein and Factor I mutations with structural models. Hum Mutat 2007, 28:222-234.
144. Sim E., Gill E.W., Sim R.B. Drugs that induce systemic lupus erythematosus inhibit complement component C4. Lancet 1984, 2:422-424.
145. Super M., Thiel S., Lu J., Levinsky R.J., Turner M.W. Association of low levels of mannan-binding protein with a common defect of opsonization. Lancet 1989, 2:1236-1240.
146. Garred P., Larsen F., Seyfarth J., Fujita R., Madsen H.O. Mannose-binding lectin and its genetic variants. Genes Immunol 2006, 7:85-94.
147. Thiel S., Frederiksen P.D., Jensenius J.C. Clinical manifestations of mannan-binding lectin deficiency. Mol Immunol 2006, 43:86-96.
148. Morgan B.P., Harris C.L. Complement therapeutics; history and current progress. Mol Immunol 2003, 40:159-170.
149. Markiewski M.M., Lambris J.D. The role of complement in inflammatory diseases from behind the scenes into the spotlight. Am J Pathol 2007, 171:715-727.
150. Woodruff T.M., Nandakumar K.S., Tedesco F. Inhibiting the C5-C5a receptor axis. Mol Immunol 2011, epub ahead of print.
151. Weitz M., Amon O., Bassler D., Koenigsrainer A., Nadalin S. Prophylactic eculizumab prior to kidney transplantation for atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 2011 May 10, [Epub ahead of print].
152. Clark S.J., Bishop P.N., Day A.J. Complement factor H and age-related macular degeneration: the role of glycosaminoglycan recognition in disease pathology. Biochem Soc Trans 2010, 38:1342-1348.
153. Rosen A.M., Stevens B. The role of the classical complement cascade in synapse loss during development and glaucoma. Adv Exp Med Biol 2010, 703:75-93.
154. Perry V.H., O'Connor V. C1q: the perfect complement for a synaptic feast?. Nat Rev Neurosci 2008, 9:807-811.
155. Mayilyan K.R., Weinberger D.R., Sim R.B. The complement system in schizophrenia. Drug News Perspect 2008, 21:200-210.