Targeting HIV-1 innate immune responses therapeutically

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS

Volumn 6, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 435-443

  Ellegård, Rada ^a   Shankar, Esaki M ^a   Larsson, Marie ^a  

^a LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

HIV; innate; microbicides; therapeutics

Indexed keywords

CHLOROQUINE; DEFENSIN; ELAFIN; HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN; MICROBICIDE; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 7; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 8; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 9;

CELL ACTIVATION; DENDRITIC CELL; DRUG TARGETING; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1 INFECTION; IMMUNE RESPONSE; INNATE IMMUNITY; NATURAL KILLER CELL; NONHUMAN; PLASMACYTOID DENDRITIC CELL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECTUM MUCOSA; REVIEW; VIRUS REPLICATION; VIRUS TRANSMISSION;

BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH; DRUG DISCOVERY; HIV INFECTIONS; HIV-1; HUMANS; IMMUNITY, INNATE; IMMUNOLOGIC FACTORS;

EID: 80051785348     PISSN: 1746630X     EISSN: 17466318     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/COH.0b013e32834970d8     Document Type: Review

References (79)

1. Chang J, Altfeld M. Innate immune activation in primary HIV-1 infection. J Infect Dis 2010; 202:S297-S301.
2. Rerks-Ngarm S, Pitisuttithum P, Nitayaphan S, et al. Vaccination with ALVAC and AIDSVAX to prevent HIV-1 infection in Thailand. N Engl J Med 2009; 361:2209-2220.
3. Pitisuttithum P, Gilbert P, Gurwith M, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy trial of a bivalent recombinant glycoprotein 120 HIV-1 vaccine among injection drug users in Bangkok, Thailand. J Infect Dis 2006; 194:1661-1671. (Pubitemid 44901996)
4. Hu J, Gardner MB, Miller CJ. Simian immunodeficiency virus rapidly penetrates the cervicovaginal mucosa after intravaginal inoculation and infects intraepithelial dendritic cells. J Virol 2000; 74:6087-6095. (Pubitemid 30412980)
5. Zhang Z, Schuler T, Zupancic M, et al. Sexual transmission and propagation of SIV and HIV in resting and activated CD4+ T cells. Science 1999; 286: 1353-1357.
6. Miller C, Li Q, Abel K, et al. Propagation and dissemination of infection after vaginal transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus. J Virol 2005; 79:9217-9227. (Pubitemid 40934833)
7. Guadalupe M, Reay E, Sankaran S, et al. Severe CD4+ T-cell depletion in gut lymphoid tissue during primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and substantial delay in restoration following highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Virol 2003; 77:11708-11717. (Pubitemid 37271669)
8. Chun T, Engel D, Berrey M, et al. Early establishment of a pool of latently infected, resting CD4+ T cells during primary HIV-1 infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998; 95:8869-8873. (Pubitemid 28350581)
9. Altfeld M, Addo M, Rosenberg E, et al. Influence of HLA-B57 on clinical presentation and viral control during acute HIV-1 infection. AIDS 2003; 17:2581-2591. (Pubitemid 38402336)
10. Goujard C, Chaix M, Lambotte O, et al. Spontaneous control of viral replication during primary HIV infection: when is 'HIV controller' status established. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 49:982-986.
11. Rabi S, O'Connell K, Nikolaeva D, et al. Unstimulated primary CD4+ T cells from HIV-1-positive elite suppressors are fully susceptible to HIV-1 entry and productive infection. J Virol 2011; 85:979-986.
12. Ghosh M, Shen Z, Fahey J, et al. Trappin-2/Elafin: a novel innate antihuman immunodeficiency virus-1 molecule of the human female reproductive tract. Immunology 2010; 129:207-219.
13. Ding J, Rapista A, Teleshova N, et al. Mucosal human defensins 5 and 6 antagonize the anti-HIV activity of candidate polyanion microbicides. J Innate Immunol 2011; 3:208-212.
14. Kim K, Yolamanova M, Zirafi O, et al. Semen-mediated enhancement of HIV infection is donor-dependent and correlates with the levels of SEVI. Retrovirology. 2010; 7:55.
15. Stoiber H, Pruenster M, Ammann C, Dierich M. Complement-opsonized HIV: the free rider on its way to infection. Mol Immunol 2005; 42:153-160. (Pubitemid 39361446)
16. Bouhlal H, Chomont N, Requena M, et al. Opsonization of HIV with complement enhances infection of dendritic cells and viral transfer to CD4 T cells in a CR3 and DC-SIGN-dependent manner. J Immunol 2007; 178:1086-1095. (Pubitemid 46095182)
17. Thurman AR, Doncel GF. Innate immunity and inflammatory response to Trichomonas vaginalis and bacterial vaginosis: relationship to HIV acquisition. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 65:89-98.
18. De Jong M, de Witte L, Taylor M, Geijtenbeek T. Herpes simplex virus type 2 enhances HIV-1 susceptibility by affecting Langerhans cell function. J Immunol 2010; 185:1633-1641.
19. Li Q, Estes J, Schlievert P, et al. Glycerol monolaurate prevents mucosal SIV transmission. Nature 2009; 458:1034-1038.
20. Freeman E, Weiss H, Glynn J, et al. Herpes simplex virus 2 infection increases HIV acquisition in men and women: systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. AIDS 2006; 20:73-83. (Pubitemid 41818117)
21. Feldblum P, Adeiga A, Bakare R, et al. SAVVY vaginal gel (C31G) for prevention of HIV infection: a randomized controlled trial in Nigeria. PLoS One 2008; 3:e1474.
22. Halpern V, Ogunsola F, Obunge O, et al. Effectiveness of cellulose sulfate vaginal gel for the prevention of HIV infection: results of a phase III trial in Nigeria. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3784.
23. Iqbal S, Ball T, Levinson P, et al. Elevated elafin/trappin-2 in the female genital tract is associated with protection against HIV acquisition. AIDS 2009; 23:1669-1677.
24. Sohn J, Bora P, Suk H, et al. Tolerance is dependent on complement C3 fragment iC3b binding to antigen-presenting cells. Nat Med 2003; 9:206-212. (Pubitemid 36227723)
25. Verbovetski I, Bychkov H, Trahtemberg U, et al. Opsonization of apoptotic cells by autologous iC3b facilitates clearance by immature dendritic cells, down-regulates DR and CD86, and up-regulates CC chemokine receptor 7. J Exp Med 2002; 196:1553-1561. (Pubitemid 36026467)
26. Burgener A, Boutilier J, Wachihi C, et al. Identification of differentially expressed proteins in the cervical mucosa of HIV-1-resistant sex workers. J Proteasome Res 2008; 7:4446-4454.
27. Wira C, Fahey J, Ghosh M, et al. Hormone regulation of innate immunity in the female reproductive tract: the role of epithelial cells in balancing reproductive potential with protection against sexually transmitted pathogens. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 63:544-565.
28. Ahmed N, Hayashi T, Hasegawa A, et al. Suppression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication in macrophages by commensal bacteria preferentially stimulating Toll-like receptor 4. J Gen Virol 2010; 91:2804-2813.
29. Thibault S, Fromentin R, Tardif M, Tremblay M. TLR2 and TLR4 triggering exerts contrasting effects with regard to HIV-1 infection of human dendritic cells and subsequent virus transfer to CD4+ T cells. Retrovirology 2009; 6:42.
30. Mosoian A, Teixeira A, Burns C, et al. Prothymosin-alpha inhibits HIV-1 via Tolllike receptor 4-mediated type I interferon induction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010; 107:10178-10183.
31. Fraietta J, Mueller Y, Do D, et al. Phosphorothioate 20 deoxyribose oligomers as microbicides that inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and block Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and TLR9 triggering by HIV-1. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54:4064-4073.
32. Gringhuis S, van der Vlist M, van den Berg L, et al. HIV-1 exploits innate signaling by TLR8 and DC-SIGN for productive infection of dendritic cells. Nat Immunol 2010; 11:419-426.
33. Lu J, Pan Q, Rong L, et al. The IFITM proteins inhibit HIV-1 infection. J Virol 2011; 85:2126-2137.
34. Manel N, Hogstad B, Wang Y, et al. A cryptic sensor for HIV-1 activates antiviral innate immunity in dendritic cells. Nature 2010; 467:214-217.
35. Yan N, Regalado-Magdos A, Stiggelbout B, et al. The cytosolic exonuclease TREX1 inhibits the innate immune response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Nat Immunol 2010; 11:1005-1013.
36. Ashkar A, Yao X, Gill N, et al. Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3, but not TLR4, agonist protects against genital herpes infection in the absence of inflammation seen with CpG DNA. J Infect Dis 2004; 190:1841-1849. (Pubitemid 39487831)
37. Zhou Y, Wang X, Liu M, et al. A critical function of toll-like receptor-3 in the induction of antihuman immunodeficiency virus activities in macrophages. Immunology 2010; 131:40-49.
38. Ogawa Y, Kawamura T, Kimura T, et al.Gram-positive bacteria enhance HIV-1 susceptibility in Langerhans cells, but not in dendritic cells, via Toll-like receptor activation. Blood 2009; 113:5157-5166.
39. Brichacek B, Vanpouille C, Kiselyeva Y, et al. Contrasting roles for TLR ligands in HIV-1 pathogenesis. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12831.
40. Trifonova RT, Doncel GF, Fichorova RN. Polyanionic microbicides modify Tolllike receptor-mediated cervicovaginal immune responses. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53:1490-1500.
41. Androulidaki A, Iliopoulos D, Arranz A, et al. The kinase Akt1 controls macrophage response to lipopolysaccharide by regulating microRNAs. Immunity 2009; 31:220-231.
42. Benakanakere MR, Li Q, Eskan MA, et al. Modulation of TLR2 protein expression by miR-105 in human oral keratinocytes. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:23107-23115.
43. Ceppi M, Pereira PM, Dunand-Sauthier I, et al. MicroRNA-155 modulates the interleukin-1 signaling pathway in activated human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009; 106:2735-2740.
44. Liu X, Zhan Z, Xu L, et al. MicroRNA-148/152 impair innate response and antigen presentation of TLR-triggered dendritic cells by targeting CaMKIIalpha. J Immunol 2010; 185:7244-7251.
45. Hong B, Song X, Rollins L, et al. Mucosal and systemic anti-HIV immunity controlled by A20 in mouse dendritic cells. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:739-751.
46. Saphire A, Bobardt M, Gallay P. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 hijacks host cyclophilin A for its attachment to target cells. Immunol Res 2000; 21 (2-3):211-217.
47. Daelemans D, Dumont J, Rosenwirth B, et al. Debio-025 inhibits HIV-1 by interfering with an early event in the replication cycle. Antiviral Res 2010; 85:418-421.
48. Shi J, Zhou J, Shah V, et al. Small-molecule inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection by virus capsid destabilization. J Virol 2011; 85:542-549.
49. Singh R, Gaiha G, Werner L, et al. Association of TRIM22 with the type 1 interferon response and viral control during primary HIV-1 infection. J Virol 2011; 85:208-216.
50. Sheehy AM, Gaddis NC, Choi JD, Malim MH. Isolation of a human gene that inhibits HIV-1 infection and is suppressed by the viral Vif protein. Nature 2002; 418:646-650.
51. Wang Y, Bergmeier L, Stebbings R, et al. Mucosal immunization in macaques upregulates the innate APOBEC 3G antiviral factor in CD4(+) memory T cells. Vaccine 2009; 27:870-881.
52. Kim E, Bhattacharya T, Kunstman K, et al. Human APOBEC3G-mediated editing can promote HIV-1 sequence diversification and accelerate adaptation to selective pressure. J Virol 2010; 84:10402-10405.
53. Sadler H, Stenglein M, Harris R, Mansky L. APOBEC3G contributes to HIV-1 variation through sublethal mutagenesis. J Virol 2010; 84:7396-7404.
54. Neil S, Zang T, Bieniasz P. Tetherin inhibits retrovirus release and is antagonized by HIV-1 Vpu. Nature 2008; 451:425-430. (Pubitemid 351158893)
55. MalimMH, Emerman M. HIV-1 accessory proteins-ensuring viral survival in a hostile environment. Cell Host Microbe 2008; 3:388-398. (Pubitemid 351784365)
56. Neil S, Bieniasz P. Human immunodeficiency virus, restriction factors, and interferon. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2009; 29:569-580.
57. Khan M, Kao S, Miyagi E, et al. Viral RNA is required for the association of APOBEC3G with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleoprotein complexes. J Virol 2005; 79:5870-5874. (Pubitemid 40548257)
58. Albin J, Haché G, Hultquist J, et al. Long-term restriction by APOBEC3F selects human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants with restored Vif function. J Virol 2010; 84:10209-10219.
59. Ma J, Li X, Xu J, et al. The cellular source for APOBEC3G's incorporation into HIV-1. Retrovirology 2011; 8:2. This study investigates the intracellular regulation of APOBEC3G activity through active and inactive forms of the protein.
60. Farrow M, Kim E, Wolinsky S, Sheehy A. NFAT and IRF proteins regulate transcription of the anti-HIV gene, APOBEC3G. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:2567-2577.
61. Van Damme N, Goff D, Katsura C, et al. The interferon-induced protein BST-2 restricts HIV-1 release and is downregulated from the cell surface by the viral Vpu protein. T Cell Host Microbe 2008; 3:245-252. (Pubitemid 351494713)
62. Casartelli N, Sourisseau M, Feldmann J, et al. Tetherin restricts productive HIV-1 cell-to-cell transmission. PLoS Pathog 2010; 6:e1000955.
63. Cao W, Bover L, Cho M, Wen X, et al. Regulation of TLR7/9 responses in plasmacytoid dendritic cells by BST2 and ILT7 receptor interaction. J Exp Med 2009; 206:1603-1614.
64. Favre D, Mold J, Hunt P, et al. Tryptophan catabolism by indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 alters the balance of TH17 to regulatory T cells in HIV disease. Sci Transl Med 2010; 2:32-36.
65. Manches O, Munn D, Fallahi A, et al. HIV-activated human plasmacytoid DCs induce Tregs through an indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase-dependent mechanism. J Clin Invest 2008; 2008:10:3431-3439.
66. Martinson J, Montoya C, Usuga X, et al. Chloroquine modulates HIV-1-induced plasmacytoid dendritic cell alpha interferon: implication for T-cell activation. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54:871-881.
67. Melki M, Sädi H, Dufour A, et al. Escape of HIV-1-infected dendritic cells from TRAIL-mediated NK cell cytotoxicity during NK-DC cross-talk: a pivotal role of HMGB1. PLoS Pathog 2010; 6:e1000862.
68. Vieillard V, Fausther-Bovendo H, Samri A, et al. Specific phenotypic and functional features of natural killer cells from HIV-infected long-term nonprogressors and HIV controllers. J Acquir Defic Syndr 2010; 53:564-573.
69. Shah AH, Sowrirajan B, Davis ZB, et al. Degranulation of natural killer cells following interaction with HIV-1-infected cells is hindered by downmodulation of NTB-A by Vpu. Cell Host Microbe 2010; 8:397-409.
70. Altfeld M, Fadda L, Frleta D, Bhardwaj N. DCs and NK cells: critical effectors in the immune response to HIV-1. Nat Rev Immunol 2011; 11:176-186.
71. Herbeuvala J-P, Shearerb GM. HIV-1 immunopathogenesis: how good interferon turns bad. Clin Immunol 2007; 123:121-128.
72. Sabado R, O'Brien M, Subedi A, et al. Evidence of dysregulation of dendritic cells in primary HIV infection. Blood 2010; 116:3839-3852.
73. Blankson J. Control of HIV-1 replication in elite suppressors. Discov Med 2010; 9:261-266.
74. Chang J, Lindsay R, Kulkarni S, et al. Polymorphisms in interferon regulatory factor 7 reduces interferon - a responses of plasmacytoid dendritic cells to HIV-1. AIDS 2011; 25:715-717.
75. Stratov I, Chung A, Kent SJ. Robust NK cell-mediated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific antibody-dependent responses in HIV-infected subjects. J Virol 2008; 82:5450-5459. (Pubitemid 351705252)
76. Alter G, Teigen N, Davis B, et al. Sequential deregulation of NK cell subset distribution and function starting in acute HIV-1 infection. Blood 2005; 106:3366-3369. (Pubitemid 41609166)
77. Aldhamen Y, Appledorn D, Seregin S, et al. Expression of the SLAM family of receptors adapter EAT-2 as a novel strategy for enhancing beneficial immune responses to vaccine antigens. J Immunol 2011; 186:722-732.
78. Strbo N, Vaccari M, Pahwa S, et al. Gp96(SIV)Ig immunization induces potent polyepitope specific, multifunctional memory responses in rectal and vaginal mucosa. Vaccine 2011; 29:2619-2625.
79. Abdool Karim Q, Abdool Karim S, Frohlich J, et al. Effectiveness and safety of tenofovir gel, an antiretroviral microbicide, for the prevention of HIV infection in women. Science 2010; 329:1168-1174.