Polarization-dependent scanning photoionization microscopy: Ultrafast plasmon-mediated electron ejection dynamics in single Au nanorods

ACS Nano

Volumn 5, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 3724-3735

  Schweikhard, Volker ^a   Grubisic, Andrej ^a   Baker, Thomas A ^a   Thomann, Isabell ^a   Nesbitt, David J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

Author keywords

Gold nanorod; Multiphoton photoemission; Photoelectron emission; Plasmon resonance; Polarization dependence; Ultrafast electron dynamics

Indexed keywords

GOLD NANOROD; MULTI-PHOTON PHOTOEMISSION; PHOTOELECTRON EMISSION; PLASMON RESONANCE; POLARIZATION DEPENDENCE; ULTRAFAST ELECTRON DYNAMICS;

ELECTRONS; INDIUM COMPOUNDS; NANORODS; OXIDE FILMS; PHOTOEMISSION; PHOTOIONIZATION; PHOTONS; PLASMONS; PLATINUM; POLARIZATION; SOLUTIONS; SUBSTRATES; SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE; TIN; TIN OXIDES;

GOLD;

GOLD; NANOTUBE;

ARTICLE; CHEMISTRY; CONFORMATION; MACROMOLECULE; MATERIALS TESTING; METHODOLOGY; PARTICLE SIZE; POLARIZATION MICROSCOPY; SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE; SURFACE PROPERTY; ULTRASTRUCTURE;

GOLD; MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES; MATERIALS TESTING; MICROSCOPY, POLARIZATION; MOLECULAR CONFORMATION; NANOTUBES; PARTICLE SIZE; SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE; SURFACE PROPERTIES;

EID: 80051541281     PISSN: 19360851     EISSN: 1936086X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/nn200082j     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Schmucker, A. L.; Harris, N.; Banholzer, M. J.; Blaber, M. G.; Osberg, K. D.; Schatz, G. C; Mirkin, C A. Correlating Nanorod Structure with Experimentally Measured and Theoretically Predicted Surface Plasmon Resonance. ACS Nano 2010, 4, 5453-5463.
2. Bohren, C. F.; Huffman, D. R. Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, Germany, 1983.
3. Pelton, M.; Aizpurua, J.; Bryant, G. Metal-Nanoparticle Plasmonics. Laser Photonics Rev. 2008, 2, 136-159.
4. Farahani, J.; Eisler, H.-J.; Pohl, D. W.; Hecht, B. Single Quantum Dot Coupled to a Scanning Optical Antenna: A Tunable Superemitter. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2005, 95, 017402.
5. Kuehn, S.; Hakanson, U.; Rogobete, L; Sandoghdar, V. Enhancement of Single-Molecule Fluorescence Using a Gold Nanoparticle as an Optical Nanoantenna. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2006, 97, 017402.
6. Muehlschlegel, P.; Eisler, H.-J.; Martin, O. J. F.; Hecht, B.; Pohl, D. W. Resonant Optical Antennas. Science 2005, 308, 1607-1609.
7. Novotny, L. Effective Wavelength Scaling for Optical antennas. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2007, 98, 266802.
8. Schuck, P. J.; Fromm, D. P.; Sundaramurthy, A.; Kino, G. S.; Moerner, W. E. Improving the Mismatch between Light and Nanoscale Objects with Gold Bowtie Nanoantennas. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2005, 94, 017402.
9. Taminiau, T.; Stefani, F. D.; Segerink, F. B.; Van Hulst, N. F. Optical Antennas Direct Single-Molecule Emission. Nat Photonics 2008, 2, 234-237.
10. Barnes, W. L.; Dereux, A.; Ebbesen, T. W. Surface Plasmon Subwavelength Optics. Nature 2003, 424, 824-830. (Pubitemid 37021717)
11. Lal, S.; Link, S.; Halas, N. J. Nano-optics from Sensing to Waveguiding. Nat. Photonics 2007, 1, 641-648.
12. Akimov, A. V.; Mukherjee, A.; Yu, C. L.; Chang, D. E.; Zibrov, A. S.; Hemmer, P. R.; Park, H.; Lukin, M. D. Generation of Singe Optical Plasmons in Metallic Nanowires Coupled to Quantum Dots. Nature 2007, 450, 402-406. (Pubitemid 350130101)
13. Chang, D. E.; Sorensen, A. S.; Hemmer, P. R.; Lukin, M. D. Quantum Optics with Surface Plasmons. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2006, 97, 053002.
14. Ozbay, E. Plasmonics: Merging Photonics and Electronics at Nanoscale Dimensions. Science 2006, 311, 189-193. (Pubitemid 43108176)
15. Anker, J. N.; Hall, W. P.; Lyandres, O.; Shah, N. C; Zhao, J.; Van Duyne, R. P. Biosensing with Plasmonic Nanosensors. Nat. Mater. 2008, 7, 442-453. (Pubitemid 351735880)
16. Novo, C.; Funston, A. M.; Mulvaney, P. Direct Observation of Chemical Reactions on Single Gold Nanocrystals Using Surface Plasmon Spectroscopy. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2008, 3, 598-602.
17. Rosi, N. L.; Mirkin, C. A. Nanostructures in Biodiagnostics. Chem. Rev. 2005, 105, 1547-1562. (Pubitemid 40596871)
18. West, J. L.; Halas, N. J. Engineered Nanomaterials for Biophotonics Applications: Improving Sensing, Imaging, And Therapeutics. Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 2003, 5, 285-292. (Pubitemid 40125314)
19. McFarland, A. D.; Van Duyne, R. P. Single Silver Nanoparticles as Real-Time Optical Sensors with Zeptomole Sensitivity. Nano Lett. 2003, 3, 1057-1062. (Pubitemid 37289295)
20. Pillai, S.; Catchpole, K. R.; Trupke, T.; Green, M. A. Surface Plasmon Enhanced Silicon Solar Cells.. J. Appl. Phys. 2007, 101, 093105.
21. Bardhan, R.; Grady, N. K.; Cole, J. R.; Joshi, A.; Halas, N. J. Fluorescence Enhancement by Au Nanostructures: Nanoshells and Nanorods. ACS Nano 2009, 3, 744-752.
22. Halas, N. J. Playing with Plasmons: Tuning the Optical Resonant Properties of Metallic Nanoshells. MRS Bull. 2005, 30, 362-367.
23. Tanabe, K. Field Enhancement around Metal Nanoparticles and Nanoshells: A Systematic Investigation. J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112, 15721-15728.
24. Alekseeva, A. V.; Bogatyrev, V. A.; Khlebtsov, B. N.; Mel'nikov, A. G.; Dykman, L A.; Khlebtsov, N. G. Gold Nanorods: Synthesis and Optical Properties. Colloid J. 2006, 68, 661-678. (Pubitemid 44925226)
25. Mohamed, M. B.; Volkov, V.; Link, S.; El-Sayed, M. A. The "Lightning" Gold Nanorods: Fluorescence Enhancement of over a Million Compared to the Gold Metal. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2000, 317, 517-523.
26. Muskens, O. L.; Bachelier, G.; Fatti, N. D.; Vallee, F.; Brioude, A.; Jiang, X.; Pileni, M.-P. Quantitative Absorption Spectroscopy of a Single Gold Nanorod. J Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112, 8917-2981.
27. Novo, C.; Gomez, D.; Perez-Juste, J.; Zhang, Z.; Petrova, H.; Reismann, M.; Mulvaney, P.; Hartland, G. V. Contributions from Radiation Damping and Surface Scattering to the Linewidth of the Longitudinal Plasmon Band of Gold Nanorods: A Single Particle Study. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2006, 8, 3540-3546.
28. Orendorff, C. J.; Gearheart, L.; Janaz, N. R.; Murphy, C. J. Aspect ratio dependence on surface enhanced Raman scattering using silver and gold nanorod substrates. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2005, 8, 165-170.
29. Pelton, M.; Liu, M.; Kim, H. Y.; Smith, G.; Guyot-Sionnest, P.; Scherer, N. F. Optical Trapping and Alignment of Single Gold Nanorods by Using Plasmon Resonances. Opt. Lett. 2006, 31, 2075-2077. (Pubitemid 44542777)
30. Pelton, M.; Liu, M.; Park, S.; Scherer, N. F.; Guyot-Sionnest, P. Ultrafast resonant Optical Scattering from Single Gold Nanorods: Large Nonlinearities and Plasmon Saturation. Phys. Rev. B 2006, 73, 155419.
31. Sonnichsen, C.; Franzl, T.; Wilk, T.; von Plessen, G.; Feldmann, J.; Wilson, O.; Mulvaney, P. Drastic Reduction of Plasmon Damping in Gold Nanorods. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2002, 88, 077402.
32. Link, S.; El-Sayed, M. A. Spectral Properties and Relaxation Dynamics of Surface Plasmon Electronic Oscillations in Gold and Silver Nanodots and Nanorods. J. Phys. Chem. B 1999, 103, 8410-8426. (Pubitemid 129613873)
33. Evers, F.; Rakete, C.; Watanabe, K.; Menzel, D.; Freund, H. J. Two-photon photoemission from silver nanoparticles on thin alumina films: Role of plasmon excitation. Surf. Sci. 2005, 593, 43-48. (Pubitemid 41430412)
34. Lehmann, J.; Merschdorf, M.; Pfeiffer, W.; Thon, A.; Voll, S.; Gerber, G. Surface Plasmon Dynamics in Silver Nanoparticles Studied by Femtosecond Time-Resolved Photoemission. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2000, 85, 2921-2924.
35. Stuckless, J. T.; Moskovits, M. Enhanced Two-Photon Photoemission from Coldly Deposited Silver Films. Phys. Rev. B 1989, 40, 9997-9998.
36. Merschdorf, M.; Pfeiffer, W.; Thon, A.; Voll, S.; Gerber, G. Photoemission from Multiply Excited Surface Plasmons in Ag Nanoparticles. Appl. Phys. A 2000, 71, 547-552.
37. Kennerknecht, C.; Hovel, H.; Merschdorf, M.; Voll, S.; Pfeiffer, W. Surface Plasmon Assisted Photoemission from Au Nanoparticles on Graphite. Appl. Phys. B 2001, 73, 425-429. (Pubitemid 33091190)
38. Fecher, G. H.; Schmidt, O.; Hwu, Y.; Schonhense, G. Multiphoton Photoemission Electron Microscopy Using Femtosecond Laser Radiation. J. Electron Spectrosc. 2002, 126, 77.
39. Douillard, L; Charra, F.; Korczak, Z.; Bachelot, R.; Kostcheev, S.; Lerondel, G.; Adam, P.-M.; Royer, P. Short Range Plasmon Resonators Probed by Photoemission Electron Microscopy. NanoLett. 2008, 8, 935-940.
40. Kubo, A.; Pontius, N.; Petek, H. Femtosecond Microscopy of Surface Plasmon Polariton Wave Packet Evolution at the Silver/Vacuum Interface. Nano Lett. 2007, 7, 470-475. (Pubitemid 46383616)
41. Kubo, A.; Onda, K.; Petek, H.; Sun, Z. J.; Jung, Y. S.; Kim, H. K. Ferntosecond Imaging of Surface Plasmon Dynamics in a Nanostructured Silver Film. Nano Lett. 2005, 5, 1123-1127. (Pubitemid 40925427)
42. Kubo, A.; Jung, Y. S.; Kim, H. K.; Petek, H. Femtosecond Microscopy of Localized and Propagating Surface Plasmons in Silver Gratings. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 2007, 40, S259-S272. (Pubitemid 46838914)
43. Bosbach, J.; Hendrich, C.; Stietz, F.; Vartanyan, T.; Träger, F. Ultrafast Dephasing of Surface Plasmon Excitation in Silver Nanoparticles: Influence of Particle Size, Shape, and Chemical Surrounding. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2002, 89, 257404.
44. Mertens, H.; Koenderink, A. F.; Polman, A. Experimental Evidence for Large Dynamic Effects on the Plasmon Dispersion of Subwavelength Metal Nanoparticle Waveguides. Phys. Rev. B, 2007, 76, 115123.
45. Brus, L. Noble Metal Nanocrystals: Plasmon Electron Transfer Photochemistry and Single-Molecule Raman Spectroscopy. Acc. Chem. Res. 2008, 41, 1742-1749.
46. Haes, A. J.; Haynes, C L.; McFarland, A. D.; Schatz, G. C; Van Duyne, R. R.; Zou, S. L. Plasmonic materials for surfaceenhanced sensing and spectroscopy. MRS Bull. 2005, 30, 368-375. (Pubitemid 43827714)
47. Nie, S.; Emery, S. R. Probing Single Molecules and Single Nanoparticles by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering. Science 1997, 275, 1102-1106. (Pubitemid 27097304)
48. Talley, C. E.; Jackson, J. B.; Oubre, C; Grady, N. K.; Hollars, C W.; Lane, S. M.; Huser, T. R.; Nordlander, P.; Halas, N. J. Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering from Individual Au Nanoparticles and Nanoparticle Dimer Substrates. Nano Lett. 2005, 5, 1569-1574. (Pubitemid 41251691)
49. Cinchetti, M.; Gloskovskii, A.; Nepijko, S. A.; Schoenhense, G.; Rochholz, H.; Kreiter, M. Photoemission Electron Microscopy as a Tool for the Investigation of Optical Near Fields. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2005, 95, 047601.
50. Schweikhard, V.; Grubisic, A.; Baker, T. A.; Nesbitt, D. J. Multiphoton Scanning Photoionization Imaging Microscopy for Single-Particle Studies of Plasmonic Metal Nanostructures. J. Phys. Chem. C 2011, 115, 83-91.
51. Wiemann, C.; Bayer, D.; Rohmer, M.; Aeschlimann, M.; Bauer, M. Local 2PPE-Yield Enhancement in a Defined Periodic Silver Nanodisk Array. Surf Sci. 2007, 601, 4714-4721. (Pubitemid 47539541)
52. Brewer, S. H.; Franzen, S. Indium Tin Oxide Plasma Frequency Dependence on Sheet Resistance and Surface Adlayers Determined by Reflectance FTIR Spectroscopy. J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106, 12986-12992.
53. Grua, P.; Morreeuw, J. P.; Bercegol, H.; Jonusauskas, G.; Vallee, F. Electron Kinetics and Emission for Metal Nanoparticles Exposed to Intense Laser Pulses. Phys. Rev. B 2003, 68, 035424.
54. Gloskovskii, A.; Valdaitsev, D. A.; Cinchetti, M.; Nepijko, S. A.; Lange, J.; Aeschlimann, M.; Bauer, M.; Klimenkov, M.; Viduta, L. V.; Tomchuk, P. M.; Schonhense, G. Electron Emission from Films of Ag and Au Nanoparticles Excited by a Femtosecond Pump-Probe Laser. Phys. Rev. B 2008, 77, 195427.
55. Ekici, O.; Harrison, R. K.; Durr, N. J.; Eversole, D. S.; Lee, M.; Ben-Yakar, A. Thermal Analysis of Gold Nanorods Heated with Femtosecond Laser Pulses. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 2008, 41, 185501.
56. Crowell, C. R. Richardson Constant and Tunneling Effective Mass for Thermionic and Thermionic-Field Emission in Schottky Barrier Diodes. Solid-State Electron. 1969, 12, 55-59.
57. Crowell, C. R. Richardson Constant for Thermionic Emission in Schottky Barrier Diodes. Solid-State Electron. 1965, 8, 395-399.
58. Zhao, J.; Pontius, N.; Winkelmann, A.; Sametoglu, V.; Kubo, A.; Borisov, A. G.; Sanchez-Portal, D.; Silkin, V. M.; Chulkov, E. V.; Echenique, P.; Petek, H. Electronic Potential of a Chemisorption Surface. Phys. Rev. B 2008, 78, 085419.
59. Rakic, A. D.; Djurisic, A. B.; Elazar, J. M.; Majewski, M. L. Optical Properties of Metallic Films for Vertical-Cavity Optoelectronic Devices. Appl. Opt. 1998, 37, 5271-5283. (Pubitemid 128666915)
60. Mock, J. J.; Hill, R. T.; Degiron, A.; Zauscher, S.; Chilkoti, A.; Smith, D. R. Distance-Dependent Plasmon Resonant Coupling between a Gold Nanoparticle and Gold Film. Nano Lett. 2008, 8, 2245-2252.
61. Knight, M. W.; Wu, Y.; Lassiter, J. B.; Nordlander, P.; Halas, N. J. Substrates Matter: Influence of an Adjacent Dielectric on an Individual Plasmonic Nanoparticle. NanoLett. 2009, 9, 2188-2192.
62. Ropers, C.; Solli, D. R.; Schulz, C P.; Lienau, C; Elsaesser, T. Localized Multiphoton Emission of Femtosecond Electron Pulses from Metal Nanotips. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2007, 98, 043907.
63. Kelly, K. L.; Coronado, E.; Zhao, L. L.; Schatz, G. C. The Optical Properties of Metal Nanoparticles: The Influence of Size, Shape, and Dielectric Environment. J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107, 668-677.
64. Palik, E. D. Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids; Academic Press: New York, 1985.
65. Berciaud, S.; Cognet, L; Tamarat, P.; Lounis, B. Observation of Intrinsic Size Effects in the Optical Response of Individual Gold Nanoparticles. Nano Lett. 2005, 5, 515-518. (Pubitemid 40449726)
66. Ditlbacher, H.; Hohenau, A.; Wagner, D.; Kreibig, U.; Rogers, M.; Hofer, F.; Aussenegg, F. R.; Krenn, J. R. Silver Nanowires as Surface Plasmon Resonators. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2005, 95, 257403.
67. Monti, O. L A.; Baker, T. A.; Nesbitt, D. J. Imaging Nanostructures with Scanning Photoionization Microscopy. J. Chem. Phys. 2006, 125, 154709.
68. Mulvaney, P.; Perez-Juste, J.; Giersig, M.; Liz-Marzan, L. M.; Pecharroman, C. Drastic Surface Plasmon Mode Shifts in Gold Nanorods Due to Electron Charging. Plasmonics 2006, 1, 61-66. (Pubitemid 44072375)