Determination of ammonia concentrations in cirrhosis patients-still confusing after all these years?

Annals of Hepatology

Volumn 10, Issue SUPPL. 2, 2011, Pages

  Vela, Claudia Isabel Blanco ^a   Padilla, Francisco Javier Bosques ^a  

^a HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO DR JOSÉ ELEUTERIO GONZÁLEZ   (Mexico)

Author keywords

Hepatic coma; Hepatic encephalopathy; Hyperammonemia; Portosystemic encephalopathy

Indexed keywords

ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE; AMMONIA; AQUAPORIN; GLUTAMINASE; GLUTAMINE; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; VALPROIC ACID;

ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE BLOOD LEVEL; AMMONIA BLOOD LEVEL; AMMONIA FORMATION; ANALYTIC METHOD; ANALYTICAL PARAMETERS; BRAIN EDEMA; CATALYSIS; CITRIC ACID CYCLE; CLINICAL FEATURE; COLORIMETRY; CONCENTRATION RESPONSE; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; DEAMINATION; DETOXIFICATION; DIFFUSION; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRY CHEMISTRY METHOD; ENZYMATIC ASSAY; ENZYME ACTIVITY; HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY; HUMAN; HYDROLYSIS; HYPERAMMONEMIA; HYPONATREMIA; KIDNEY CLEARANCE; KIDNEY FUNCTION; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; LIVER FUNCTION; LIVER METABOLISM; NEUROTRANSMISSION; NONHUMAN; PORTOSYSTEMIC ANASTOMOSIS; PROCESS DEVELOPMENT; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS; REGULATORY MECHANISM; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SIDE EFFECT; UREA CYCLE;

EID: 79961174294     PISSN: 16652681     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/s1665-2681(19)31609-6     Document Type: Review

References (49)

1. McDermott W. The role of ammonia intoxication in hepatic coma. Bull N Y Acad Med 1958; 34(6): 357-365
2. McDermott WV Jr. Metabolism and toxicity of ammonia. N Engl J Med 1957; 257: 1076-1081
3. Olde DSW, Jalan R, Dejong CH. Interorgan ammonia traffic-king in liver disease. Metab Brain Dis 2009; 24(1): 169-81
4. Huizenga JR, Gips CH, Tangerman A. The contribution of various organs to ammonia formation: a review of factors determining the arterial ammonia concentration. Ann Clin Biochem 1996; 33: 23-30
5. James LA, Lunn PG, Middleton S, Elia M. Distribution of glu-taminase and glutamine synthetase activities in the human gastrointestinal tract. Clin Sci 1998; 94(3): 313-319
6. Halperin ML, Kamel KS, Ethier JH, et al. Biochemistry and physiology of ammonia excretion. In: Seldin DW, Giebisch G (eds.). The Kidney: Physiology and Pathophysiology. New York: Raven Press Ltd.: 1992, p. 2645-2647
7. Haüssinger D. Nitrogen metabolism in liver: structural and functional organization and physiological relevance. Bio-chem J 1990; 267(2): 281-290
8. Romero-Gómez M. Role of phosphate-activated glutaminase in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy. Metab Brain Dis 2005; 20(4): 319-325
9. Stahl J. Studies of the blood ammonia in liver disease. Its diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic significance. Ann Intern Med 1963; 58: 1-24
10. Tarantino G, Citro V, Esposito P, Giaquinto S, De Leone A, Milan G, et al. Blood ammonia levels in liver cirrhosis: a clue for the presence of portosystemic collateral veins. BMC Gastroenterol 2009; 9: 21
11. Lockwood AH, McDonald JM, Reiman RE, Gelbard AS, Laughlin JS, Duffy TE, Plum F. The dynamics of ammonia metabolism in man. Effects of liver disease and hyperammonemia. J Clin Invest 1979; 63(3): 449-460
12. Morgan KZ, Binks W, Brues AM, Cipriani AJ, Langham WH, Marinelli LD, et al. Report of International Subcommittee II on permissible dose for internal radiation. Br J Radiol Suppl 1955; 6: 25
13. Olde DSW, Jalan R, Redhead DN, Hayes PC, Deutz NE, Soeters PB. Interorgan ammonia and amino acid metabolism in metabolically stable patients with cirrhosis and a TIPSS. Hepatology 2002; 36(5): 1163-1171
14. Dejong CH, Deutz NE, Soeters PB. Renal ammonia and glutamine metabolism during liver insufficiency-induced hyperammonemia in the rat. J Clin Invest 1993; 92(6): 2834-2840
15. Jalan R, Kapoor D. Enhanced renal ammonia excretion following volume expansion in patients with well compensated cirrhosis of the liver. Gut 2003; 52(7): 1041-1045
16. Meijer AJ, Lamers WH, Chamuleau RAFM. Nitrogen metabolism and ornithine cycle function. Physiol Rev 70: 701-748
17. Ranjan P, Mishra A, Kale R, Saraswat V, Gupta R. Cyto-toxic edema is responsible for raised intracranial pressure in fulminant hepatic failure: in vivo demonstration using diffusion-weighted MRI in human subjects. Metab Brain Dis 2005; 20(3): 181-192
18. Gibson JB. Encephalopathy after portacaval shunt. Br Med J 1963; 1: 1652-1655
19. Hazell A, Butterworth R. Hepatic encephalopathy: an up-date of pathophysiologic mechanisms. Exp Biol Med 1999; 222: 99-112
20. Benarroch E. Neuron-astrocyte interactions: partnership for normal function and disease in the central nervous system. Mayo Clin Proc 2005; 80(10): 1326-1338
21. Norenberg MD, Rao KV, Jayakumar AR. Mechanisms of ammonia-induced astrocyte swelling. Metab Brain Dis 2005; 20(4): 303-318
22. Guevara M, Baccaro ME, Torre A, Gómez-Ansón B, Ríos J, Torres F, et al. Hyponatremia is a risk factor of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: a prospective study with time-dependent analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2009; 104(6): 1382-1389
23. Heins J, Zwingmann C. Organic osmolytes in hyponatremia and ammonia toxicity. Metab Brain Dis 2010; 25(1): 81-89
24. Takano T, Tian GF, Peng W, Lou N, Libionka W, Han X, et al. Astrocyte-mediated control of cerebral blood flow. Nat Neurosci 2006; 9: 260-267
25. Shawcross DL, Davies NA, Williams R, Jalan R. Systemic inflammatory response exacerbates the neuropsychological effects of induced hyperammonemia in cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2004; 40(2): 247-254
26. Vaquero J, Polson J, Chung C, Helenowski I, Schiodt FV, Reisch J, et al. Infection and the progression of hepatic encephalopathy in acute liver failure. Gastroenterology 2003; 125(3): 755-764
27. Cauli O, Rodrigo R, Piedrafita B, Boix J, Felipo V. Inflammation and hepatic encephalopathy: ibuprofen restores learning ability in rats with portacaval shunts. Hepatology 2007; 46(2): 514-519
28. Taylor L, Liu X, Newsome W, Shapiro RA, Srinivasan M, Curthoys NP. Isolation and characterization of the promoter region of the rat kidney-type glutaminase gene. Biochim Biophys Act 2001; 1518: 132-136
29. Romero-Gómez M, Ramos-Guerrero R, Grande L, de Teran LC, Corpas R, Camacho I, Bautista JD. Intestinal glutaminase activity is increased in liver cirrhosis and correlates with minimal hepatic encephalopathy. J Hepatol 2004; 41: 49-54
30. Romero-Gómez M, Jover M, Galán JJ, Ruiz A. Gut ammonia production and its modulation. Metab Brain Dis 2009; 24(1): 147-157
31. Romero-Gómez M, Grande L, Camacho I, Benitez S, Irles JA, Castro M. Altered response to oral glutamine challenge as prognostic factor for overt episodes in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy. J Hepatol 2002; 37: 781-787
32. Masini A, Efrati C, Merli M, Nicolao F, Amodio P, Del P.F, Riggio O. Effect of blood ammonia elevation following oral glutamine load on the psychometric performance of cirrhotic patients. Metab Brain Dis 2003; 18(1): 27-35
33. Rama RKV, Chen M, Simard JM, Norenberg MD. Increased aquaporin-4 expression in ammonia-treated cultured astrocytes. NeuroReport 2003; 14: 2379-2382
34. Diaz J, Tornel PL, Martinez P. Reference intervals for blood ammonia in healthy subjects, determined by micro-diffusion [Letter]. Clin Chem 1995; 41: 1048
35. Derave W, Bouckaert J, Pannier JL. Gender differences in blood ammonia response during exercise. Arch Physiol Biochem 1997; 105: 203-209
36. Huizenga JR, Tangerman A, Gips CH. Determination of blood ammonia in biological fluids. Ann Clin Biochem 1994; 31: 529-43
37. Shepard RL, Kraus SE, Babayan RK, Siroky MB. The role of ammonia toxicity in the post transurethral prostatectomy syndrome. Br J Urol 1987; 60(4): 349-351
38. Davies SM, Szabo E, Wagner JE, Ramsay NK, Weisdorf DJ. Idiopathic hyperammonemia: a frequently lethal complication of bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Trans-plant 1996; 17(6): 1119-1125
39. Howanitz JH, Howanitz PJ, Skrodzki CA, Iwanski JA. Influences of specimen processing and storage conditions on results for plasma ammonia. Clin Chem 1984; 30: 906-908
40. Dufour DR, Lott JA, Nolte FS, Gretch DR, Koff RS, Seeff LB. Diagnosis and monitoring of hepatic injury. I. Performance characteristics of laboratory tests. Clin Chem 2000; 46(12): 2027-2049
41. Da Fonseca-Wollheim F. Preanalytical increase of ammonia in blood specimens from healthy subjects. Clin Chem 1990; 36(8, Pt. 1): 1483-1487
42. Warren KS. Ammonia toxicity and pH. Nature 1962; 195: 47-49
43. Kramer L, Tribl B, Gendo A, Zauner C, Schneider B, Ferenci P, Madl C. Partial pressure of ammonia versus ammonia in hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatology 2000; 31 (1): 30-34
44. Ong JP, Aggarwal A, Krieger D, Easley KA, Karafa MT, Van Lente F, et al. Correlation between ammonia levels and the severity of hepatic encephalopathy. Am J Med 2003; 114(3): 188-193
45. DuBois S, Eng S, Bhattacharya R, Rulyak S, Hubbard T, Putnam D, Kearney DJ. Breath ammonia testing for diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy. Dig Dis Sci 2005; 50(10): 1780-1784
46. Goggs R, Serrano S, Szladovits B, Keir I, Ong R, Hughes D. Clinical investigation of a point-of-care blood ammonia analyzer. Vet Clin Pathol 2008; 37(2): 198-206
47. Herrera DJ, Moore S, Heap S, Preece MA, Griffiths P. Can plasma ammonia be measured in patients with acute liver disease? Ann Clin Biochem 2008; 45(4): 426-428
48. Iosefsohn M, Hicks JM. Ektachem multilayer dry-film assay for ammonia evaluated. Clin Chem 1985; 31(12): 2012-2014
49. Herrera DJ, Hutchin T, Fullerton D, Gray G. Non-specific interference in the measurement of plasma ammonia: importance of using a sample bank. Ann Clin Biochem 2010; 47(1): 81-83