Organic osmolytes in hyponatremia and ammonia toxicity

Metabolic Brain Disease

Volumn 25, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 81-89

  Heins, Jessica ^a   Zwingmann, Claudia ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MONTREAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

Astrocytes; Energy metabolism; Hepatic encephalopathy; Hyperammonemia; Hyponatremia; Osmoregulation

Indexed keywords

AMMONIA; GLUTAMINE; INOSITOL; SODIUM;

AMINO ACID SYNTHESIS; AMMONIA TOXICITY; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ASTROCYTE; BRAIN EDEMA; CELL VOLUME; CONFERENCE PAPER; CONTROLLED STUDY; EXTRACELLULAR FLUID; HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY; HYPERAMMONEMIA; HYPONATREMIA; NONHUMAN; OSMOLARITY; PATHOGENESIS; RAT; SODIUM BLOOD LEVEL; TOXICITY;

ANIMALS; ASTROCYTES; BRAIN EDEMA; CELL SIZE; ELECTROLYTES; GLUTAMINE; HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY; HUMANS; HYPERAMMONEMIA; HYPONATREMIA; WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE;

ANIMALIA; RATTUS;

EID: 77954145023     PISSN: 08857490     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11011-010-9170-5     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (74)

1. RD Adams JM Foley 1953 The neurological disorders associated with liver disease Annu Rev Nerv Ment Dis Proc 132 198
2. HJ Adrogué NE Madias 2000 Hyponatremia N Engl J Med 342 1581 1589 10.1056/NEJM200005253422107 10824078 (Pubitemid 30340505)
3. AN Alam SP Wilkinson L Poston H Moodie R Williams 1977 Intracellular electrolyte abnormalities in fulminant hepatic failure Gastroenterology 72 914 917 1:STN:280:DyaE2s7jvFWmsw%3D%3D 849822 (Pubitemid 8093904)
4. JW Allen LA Mutkus M Aschner 2002 Chronic ethanol produces increased taurine transport and efflux in cultured astrocytes Neurotoxicology 23 693 700 10.1016/S0161-813X(02)00027-X 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XovFGhu7s%3D 12520759 (Pubitemid 36004736)
5. J Albrecht EA Jones 1999 Hepatic encephalopathy: molecular mechanisms underlying the clinical syndrome J Neurol Sci 170 138 146 10.1016/S0022-510X(99) 00169-0 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXotV2nsbs%3D 10617392
6. AI Arieff 1986 Cerebral edema complicating nonketotic hyperosmolar coma Miner Electrolyte Metab 12 383 389 1:STN:280:DyaL2s7hsFakuw%3D%3D 3543638
7. AI Arieff JC Ayus CL Fraser 1992 Hyponatraemia and death or permanent brain damage in healthy children BMJ 304 1218 1222 10.1136/bmj.304.6836.1218 1:STN:280:DyaK38zos1Srtw%3D%3D 1515791
8. JC Ayus JM Wheeler AI Arieff 1992 Postoperative hyponatremic encephalopathy in menstruant women Ann Intern Med 117 891 897 1:STN:280:DyaK3s%2Fntleiug%3D%3D 1443949
9. JC Ayus AI Arieff 1996 Abnormalities of water metabolism in the elderly Semin Nephrol 16 277 288 1:STN:280:DyaK28vislSjug%3D%3D 8829266
10. E Bartoli L Castello PP Sainaghi 2003 Diagnosis and therapy of hyponatremia Ann Ital Med Int 18 193 203 14971708
11. JJ Bedford JP Leader 1993 Response of tissues of the rat to anisosmolality in vivo Am J Physiol 264 R1164 R1179 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXlsFOjsrk%3D 8322970
12. SP Bessman AN Bessman 1955 The cerebral and peripheral uptake of ammonia in liver disease with an hypothesis for the mechanism of hepatic coma J Clin Invest 34 622 628 10.1172/JCI103111 1:CAS:528:DyaG1MXmvVClsA%3D%3D 14367516
13. AT Blei S Olafsson G Therrien RF Butterworth 1994 Ammonia-induced brain edema and intracranial hypertension in rats after portacaval anastomosis Hepatology 19 1437 1444 10.1002/hep.1840190619 1:STN:280:DyaK2c3ksFWjsw%3D%3D 8188174
14. A Brand C Richter-Landsberg D Leibfritz 1993 Multinuclear NMR studies on the energy metabolism of glial and neuronal cells Dev Neurosci 15 289 298 10.1159/000111347 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXmtFKntA%3D%3D 7805581
15. RF Butterworth JF Giguere J Michaud J Lavoie GP Layrargues 1987 Ammonia: key factor in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy Neurochem Pathol 6 1 12 10.1007/BF02833598 1:STN:280:DyaL2szhs1SrsA%3D%3D 3306479
16. RF Butterworth 1997 Hepatic encephalopathy and brain edema in acute hepatic failure: does glutamate play a role? Hepatology 25 820 827 10.1002/hep.510250440 (Pubitemid 27157153)
17. RF Butterworth 2000 Hepatic encephalopathy: a neuropsychiatric disorder involving multiple neurotransmitter systems Curr Opin Neurol 13 721 727 10.1097/00019052-200012000-00018 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M7jtVyrsg%3D%3D 11148676 (Pubitemid 32002658)
18. Conn HO, Lieberthal ML (1978) The hepatic coma syndromes and lactulose. Willimas & Wilkins, Baltimore
19. AJ Cooper F Plum 1987 Biochemistry and physiology of brain ammonia Physiol Rev 67 440 519 1:CAS:528:DyaL2sXksFKhsbY%3D 2882529
20. J Cordoba J Gottstein AT Blei 1996 Glutamine, myo-inositol and other organic osmolytes after portacaval anastomosis in the rat. Implications for ammonia-induced brain edema Hepatology 24 919 923 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XmvFOitrk%3D 8855198
21. J Cordoba J Gottstein AT Blei 1998 Chronic hyponatremia exacerbates ammonia- induced brain edema in rats after portacaval anastomosis J Hepatol 29 589 594 10.1016/S0168-8278(98)80154-2 1:STN:280:DyaK1M%2FjvFyktg%3D%3D 9824268 (Pubitemid 28484948)
22. J Cordoba J Alonso A Rovira C Jacas F Sanpedro L Castells V Vargas, et al. 2001 The development of low-grade cerebral edema in cirrhosis is supported by the evolution of (1)H-magnetic resonance abnormalities after liver transplantation J Hepatol 35 598 604 10.1016/S0168-8278(01)00181-7 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MnktVyhug%3D%3D 11690705 (Pubitemid 33078269)
23. J Cordoba N Raguer M Flavia V Vargas C Jacas J Alonso A Rovira 2003 T2 hyperintensity along the cortico-spinal tract in cirrhosis relates to functional abnormalities Hepatology 38 1026 1033 10.1002/hep.1840380429 14512890
24. G Decaux A Soupart 2003 Treatment of symptomatic hyponatremia Am J Med Sci 326 25 30 10.1097/00000441-200307000-00004 12861122
25. MV DeVita MH Gardenswartz A Konecky PM Zabetakis 1990 Incidence and etiology of hyponatremia in an intensive care unit Clin Nephrol 34 163 166 1:STN:280:DyaK3M%2FnvVSguw%3D%3D 2257702
26. SJ Ellis 1995 Severe hyponatremia: complications and treatment QJM 88 905 909 1:STN:280:DyaK287mslWhtw%3D%3D 8593551
27. U Flögel T Niendorf N Serkowa A Brand J Henke D Leibfritz 1995 Changes in organic solutes, volume, energy state, and metabolism associated with osmotic stress in a glial cell line: a multinuclear NMR study Neurochem Res 20 793 802 10.1007/BF00969691 7477672
28. KP Goh 2004 Management of hyponatremia Am Fam Physician 69 2387 2394 15168958
29. RK Gupta VA Saraswat H Poptani RK Dhiman A Kohli RB Gujral SR Naik 1993 Magnetic resonance imaging and localized in vivo proton spectroscopy in patients with fulminant hepatic failure Am J Gastroenterol 88 670 574 1:STN:280:DyaK3s3ktlemtw%3D%3D 8480729
30. D Haussinger G Kircheis R Fischer F Schliess S vom Dahl 2000 Hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease: a clinical manifestation of astrocyte swelling and low- grade cerebral edema? J Hepatol 32 1035 1038 10.1016/S0168-8278(00)80110-5 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M%2FitlOksQ%3D%3D 10898326 (Pubitemid 30368099)
31. RA Hawkins J Jessy AM Mans MR De Joseph 1993 Effect of reducing brain glutamine synthesis on metabolic symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy J. Neurochem. 60 1000 1006 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb03247.x 1:CAS:528: DyaK3sXksVKltLk%3D 8436955
32. W Hilgier JE Olson 1994 Brain ion and amino acid contents during edema development in hepatic encephalopathy J Neurochem 62 197 204 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXhtVeqs7s%3D 8263520
33. BT Hourani EM Hamlin TB Reynolds 1971 Cerebrospinal fluid glutamine as a measure of hepatic encephalopathy Arch Intern Med 127 1033 1036 10.1001/archinte.127.6.1033 1:STN:280:DyaE3M3gtl2gtw%3D%3D 5578559
34. RE Isaacks AS Bender CY Kim NM Prieto MD Norenberg 1994 Osmotic regulation of myo-inositol uptake in primary astrocyte cultures Neurochem Res 19 331 338 10.1007/BF00971582 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXhsF2qsbg%3D 8177373
35. RE Isaacks AS Bender CY Kim YF Shi MD Norenberg 1999 Effect of osmolality and anion channel inhibitors on myo-inositol efflux in cultured astrocytes J Neurosci Res 57 866 871 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19990915)57:6<866::AID- JNR12>3.0.CO;2-K 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXmtVWlsLc%3D 10467258 (Pubitemid 29416117)
36. R Jalan RA Elton DN Redhead KJ Simpson NDC Finlayson PC Hayes, et al. 1995 Analysis of prognostic variables in the prediction of shunt failure, variceal rebleeding, early mortality and encephalopathy following the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stentshunt (TI-PSS) J Hepatol 23 123 128 10.1016/0168-8278(95)80325-4 1:STN:280:DyaK28%2FjsVertw%3D%3D 7499782
37. M Kato RD Hughes RT Keays R Williams 1992 Electron microscopic study of brain capillaries in cerebral edema from fulminant hepatic failure Hepatology 15 1060 1066 10.1002/hep.1840150615 1:STN:280:DyaK383nsFGguw%3D%3D 1592344
38. M Kleinfeld M Casimir S Borra 1979 Hyponatremia as observed in a chronic disease facility J Am Geriatr Soc 27 156 161 1:STN:280:DyaE1M7ltF2rtg%3D%3D 429736
39. L Kramer B Tribl A Gendo C Zauner B Schneider P Ferenci C Madl 2000 Partial pressure of ammonia versus ammonia in hepatic encephalopathy Hepatology 31 30 34 10.1002/hep.510310107 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c%2FotVyntQ%3D%3D 10613724
40. R Kreis N Farrow BD Ross 1991 Localized 1H NMR spectroscopy in patients with chronic hepatic encephalopathy. Analysis of changes in cerebral glutamine, choline and inositols NMR Biomed 4 109 116 10.1002/nbm.1940040214 1:STN:280:DyaK3MzhsF2lsA%3D%3D 1650239
41. F Lang GL Busch H Völkl 1998 The diversity of volume regulatory mechanisms Cell Physiol Biochem 8 1 45 10.1159/000016269 1:CAS:528: DyaK1cXosl2iug%3D%3D 9547017 (Pubitemid 28044155)
42. RO Law M Zielinska J Albrecht 2003 Taurine counteracts cell swelling in rat cerebrocortical slices exposed to ammonia in vitro and in vivo Adv Exp Med Biol 526 123 129 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXnsVyhtro%3D 12908592
43. R Lodi C Tonon A Stracciari M Weiger V Camaggi S Iotti G Donati M Guarino L Bolondi B Barbiroli 2004 Diffusion MRI shows increased water apparent diffusion coefficient in the brains of cirrhotics Neurology 62 762 766 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2c7hslyltg%3D%3D 15007127
44. L Massieu T Montiel G Robles O Quesada 2004 Brain amino acids during hyponatremia in vivo: clinical observations and experimental studies Neurochem Res 29 73 81 10.1023/B:NERE.0000010435.06586.e2 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXlsFyg 14992265 (Pubitemid 38181700)
45. ML McManus KB Churchwell K Strange 1995 Regulation of cell volume in health and disease N Engl J Med 333 1260 1266 10.1056/NEJM199511093331906 1:STN:280:DyaK28%2Fit1WgtQ%3D%3D 7566004
46. N Murphy G Auzinger W Bernel J Wendon 2004 The effect of hypertonic sodium chloride on intracranial pressure in patients with acute liver failure Hepatology 39 464 470 10.1002/hep.20056 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjtlaitLc%3D 14767999 (Pubitemid 38222187)
47. MD Norenberg 1977 A light and electron microscopic study of experimental portal- systemic (ammonia) encephalopathy. Progression and reversal of the disorder Lab Invest 36 618 627 1:CAS:528:DyaE2sXkt1ShsLo%3D 559221
48. MD Norenberg A Martinez-Hernandez 1979 Fine structural localization of glutamine synthetase in astrocytes of rat brain Brain Res 161 303 310 10.1016/0006-8993(79)90071-4 1:STN:280:DyaE1M%2FotlKrsQ%3D%3D 31966 (Pubitemid 9087410)
49. MD Norenberg AS Bender 1994 Astrocyte swelling in liver failure: role of glutamine and benzodiazepines Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 60 24 27 1:STN:280:DyaK2M%2FmslSrtw%3D%3D
50. MD Norenberg 1998 Astroglial dysfunction in hepatic encephalopathy Metab Brain Dis 13 319 335 10.1023/A:1020688925901 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXhsF2mtrs%3D 10206824 (Pubitemid 29063732)
51. LT Oei J Kuys AJP Lombarts 1979 Cerebrospinal fluid glutamine levels and EEG findings in patients with hepatic encephalopathy Clin Neurol Neurosurg 81 59 63 10.1016/S0303-8467(79)80008-6 1:STN:280:DyaE1M3jsFWqsA%3D%3D 223799 (Pubitemid 9191496)
52. H Pasantes-Morales O Quesada J Moran 1998 Taurine: an osmolyte in mammalian tissues Adv Exp Med Biol 442 209 217 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXls1Wrtbc%3D 9635034
53. T Restuccia B Gomez-Anson M Guevara C Alessandria A Torre ME Alayrach C Terra M Martín M Castellví L Rami A Sainz P Ginès V Arroyo 2004 Effects of dilutional hyponatremia on brain organic osmolytes and water content in patients with cirrhosis Hepatology 39 1613 1622 10.1002/hep.20237 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXlsVWrtrs%3D 15185302 (Pubitemid 38702662)
54. A Rovira J Cordoba N Raguer J Alonso 2002 Magnetic resonance imaging measurement of brain edema in patients with liver disease: resolution after transplantation Curr Opin Neurol 15 731 737 10.1097/00019052-200212000-00012 12447113 (Pubitemid 35471683)
55. DD Shawcross S Balata SWM Olde Damink PC Hayes J Wardlaw I Marshall NEP Deutz R Williams R Jalan 2004 Low myo-inositol and high glutamine levels in the brain are associated with neuropsychological deterioration following induced hyperammonemia Am J Phys Gastr Liver Phys 287 G503 G509 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD2cXnvVeju7Y%3D
56. A Soupart G Decaux 1996 Therapeutic recommendations for management of severe hyponatremia: current concepts on pathogenesis and prevention of neurologic complications Clin Nephrol 46 149 169 1:STN:280: DyaK2s%2FjsVWqtg%3D%3D 8879850
57. J Stahl 1963 Studies of the blood ammonia in disease Ann Intern Med 58 1 24 1:CAS:528:DyaF2cXmtlCgsQ%3D%3D 13978712
58. RH Sterns JE Riggs SS Schochet Jr 1986 Osmotic demyelination syndrome following correction of hyponatremia N Engl J Med 314 1535 1542 1:STN:280:DyaL283jtVOjsQ%3D%3D 3713747
59. RH Sterns JD Cappuccio SM Silver EP Cohen 1994 Neurologic sequelae after treatment of severe hyponatremia: a multicenter perspective J Am Soc Nephrol 4 1522 1530 1:STN:280:DyaK2c3pslWmtA%3D%3D 8025225
60. K Strange 2004 Cellular volume homeostasis Adv Physiol Educ 28 155 159 10.1152/advan.00034.2004 15545344
61. MS Swain AT Blei RF Butterworth RP Kraig 1991 Intracellular pH rises and astrocytes swell after portacaval anastomosis in rats Am J Physiol 261 R1491 R1496 1:STN:280:DyaK38%2Fosl2qug%3D%3D 1750572
62. M Swain RF Butterworth AT Blei 1992 Ammonia and related amino acids in the pathogenesis of brain edema in acute ischemic liver failure in rats Hepatology 15 449 453 10.1002/hep.1840150316 1:CAS:528:DyaK38XhslWnsL0%3D 1544626
63. A Torre J Uriz M Guevara C Terra L Ruiz del Arbol R Planas, et al.. 2005 Severe Hyponatremia as a major risk factor of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis (abstract) J Hepatol 42 87A
64. PG Traber M DalCanto D Ganger AT Blei 1987 Electron microscopic evaluation of brain edema in rabbits with galactosamine-induced fulminant hepatic failure: ultrastructure and integrity of the blood-brain barrier Hepatology 7 1272 1277 10.1002/hep.1840070616 1:STN:280:DyaL1c%2Fls1Oltw%3D%3D 3679092 (Pubitemid 18014201)
65. JG Verbalis SR Gullans 1991 Hyponatremia causes large sustained reductions in brain content of multiple organic osmolytes in rats Brain Res 567 274 282 10.1016/0006-8993(91)90806-7 1:CAS:528:DyaK38XotFCmtg%3D%3D 1817731
66. JS Vidden T Michaelis P Pinto BD Ross 1995 Human cerebral osmolytes during chronic hyponatremia J Clin Invest 95 788 793 10.1172/JCI117728
67. JV Wade JP Olson FE Samson SR Nelson TL Pazdernik 1988 A possible role for taurine in osmoregulation within the brain J Neurochem 51 740 745 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb01807.x 1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXlsVOis70%3D 3411323
68. CE Wright HH Tallan YY Lin GE Gaull 1986 Taurine: biological update Annu Rev Biochem 55 427 453 10.1146/annurev.bi.55.070186.002235 1:CAS:528: DyaL28XlsVyhsbs%3D 3527049
69. M Zielinska W Hilgier RO Law P Gorynski J Albrecht 1999 Effects of ammonia in vitro on endogenous taurine efflux and cell volume in rat cerebrocortical minislices: influence of inhibitors of volume-sensitive amino acid transport Neuroscience 91 631 638 10.1016/S0306-4522(98)00639-3 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXivFKmsb8%3D 10366020 (Pubitemid 29193272)
70. L Zieve 1979 Hepatic encephalopathy: summary of present knowledge with an elaboration on recent developments Prog Liver Dis 6 327 341 1:STN:280:DyaL3c7msl2lsA%3D%3D 396563
71. C Zwingmann C Richter-Landsberg A Brand D Leibfritz 2000 NMR spectroscopic study on the metabolic fate of [3-(13)C]alanine in astrocytes, neurons, and cocultures: implications for glia-neuron interactions in neurotransmitter metabolism Glia 32 286 303 10.1002/1098-1136(200012)32: 3<286::AID-GLIA80>3.0.CO;2-P 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M%2FpslWisA%3D%3D 11102969
72. C Zwingmann U Flögel J Pfeuffer D Leibfritz 2000 Effects of ammonia exposition on glioma cells: changes in cell volume and organic osmolytes studied by diffusion-weighted and high-resolution NMR spectroscopy Dev Neurosci 22 463 471 10.1159/000017476 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXptVKntrc%3D 11111163
73. C Zwingmann N Chatauret D Leibfritz RF Butterworth 2004 Changes of brain organic osmolytes in experimental acute liver failure Brain Res 999 118 123 10.1016/j.brainres.2003.11.048 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXntVymuw%3D%3D 14746928 (Pubitemid 38121457)
74. C Zwingmann D Leibfritz 2005 Ammonia toxicity under hyponatremic conditions in astrocytes: de novo synthesis of amino acids for the osmoregulatory response Neurochem Int 47 39 50 10.1016/j.neuint.2005.04.005 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXlsl2ktLo%3D 15908044 (Pubitemid 40848691)