Sarcopenia and Obesity

Clinics in Geriatric Medicine

Volumn 27, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 401-421

  Waters, Debra L ^a   Baumgartner, Richard N ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO   (New Zealand)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE   (United States)

Author keywords

Aging; Obesity; Sarcopenia; Sarcopenic obesity

Indexed keywords

ADIPOCYTOKINE;

AGED; AGING; ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETERS; APPENDICULAR SKELETAL MUSCLE MASS; BIOELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE; BODY COMPOSITION; BODY FAT; BODY HEIGHT; BODY MASS; CLINICAL CLASSIFICATION; DUAL ENERGY X RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; FALL RISK; FUNCTIONAL DISEASE; HUMAN; IMPEDANCE; LIPID STORAGE; MUSCLE ATROPHY; MUSCLE FUNCTION; MUSCLE MASS; MUSCLE STRENGTH; OBESITY; PHENOTYPE; PREVALENCE; REVIEW; SARCOPENIC OBESITY;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; AGING; BODY COMPOSITION; BODY MASS INDEX; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MUSCLE WEAKNESS; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; OBESITY; PREVALENCE; SARCOPENIA;

EID: 79961098429     PISSN: 07490690     EISSN: 18798853     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2011.03.007     Document Type: Review

References (118)

1. Villareal D.T., Shah K. Obesity in older adults-a growing problem. Nutrition and health: handbook of clinical nutrition and aging 2009, 263-277. Humana Press, New York. 2nd edition. C.W. Bales, C.S. Ritchie (Eds.).
2. Ritz P. Obesity in the elderly: should we be using new diagnostic criteria?. J Nutr Health Aging 2009, 13(3):168-169.
3. Abellan Van Kan G. Epidemiology and consequences of sarcopenia. J Nutr Health Aging 2009, 13(8):708-712.
4. Han S.S., Kim K.W., Kim K.I., et al. Lean mass index: a better predictor of mortality than body mass index in elderly Asians. J Am Geriatr Soc 2010, 58(2):312-317.
5. Baumgartner R.N., Koehler K.M., Gallagher D., et al. Epidemiology of sarcopenia among the elderly in New Mexico. Am J Epidemiol 1998, 147(8):755-763.
6. Mott J.W., Wang J.C., Thornton D.B., et al. Relationship between body fat and age in 4 ethnic groups. Am J Clin Nutr 1999, 69:1007-1013.
7. Lau E.M., Lynn H.S., Woo J.W., et al. Prevalence of and risk factors for sarcopenia in elderly Chinese men and women. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2005, 60(2):213-216.
8. Janssen I., Heymsfield S.B., Ross R. Low relative skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia) in older persons is associated with functional impairment and physical disability. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002, 50(5):889-896.
9. Visser M. Towards a definition of sarcopenia-results from epidemiologic studies. J Nutr Health Aging 2009, 13(8):713-716.
10. Newman A.B., Kupelian V., Visser M., et al. Sarcopenia: alternative definitions and associations with lower extremity function. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003, 51(11):1602-1609.
11. Cruz-Jentoft A.J., Baeyens J.P., Bauer J.M., et al. Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Age Ageing 2010, 39(4):412-423.
12. Clark B.C., Manini T.M. Sarcopenia =/= dynapenia. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2008, 63(8):829-834.
13. Baumgartner R.N. Body composition in healthy aging. In Vivo Body Composition Studies. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2000, 904:437-448.
14. Davison K.K., Ford E.S., Cogswell M.E., et al. Percentage of body fat and body mass index are associated with mobility limitations in people aged 70 and older from NHANES III. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002, 50(11):1802-1809.
15. Baumgartner R.N. Body composition in healthy aging. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006, 904(1):437-448.
16. Castillo E.M., Goodman-Gruen D., Kritz-Silverstein D., et al. Sarcopenia in elderly men and women - The Rancho Bernardo Study. Am J Prev Med 2003, 25(3):226-231.
17. Estrada M., Kleppinger A., Judge J.O., et al. Functional impact of relative versus absolute sarcopenia in healthy older women. J Am Geriatr Soc 2007, 55(11):1712-1719.
18. Iannuzzi-Sucich M., Prestwood K.M., Kenny A.M. Prevalence of sarcopenia and predictors of skeletal muscle mass in healthy, older men and women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2002, 57(12):M772-M777.
19. Janssen I., Baumgartner R.N., Ross R., et al. Skeletal muscle cutpoints associated with elevated physical disability risk in older men and women. Am J Epidemiol 2004, 159(4):413-421.
20. Rolland Y. Sarcopenia, calf circumference, and physical function of elderly women: a cross-sectional study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003, 51(8):1120-1124.
21. Gillette-Guyonnet S., Nourhashemi F., Andrieu S., et al. Body composition in French women 75+ years of age: the EPIDOS study. Mech Ageing Dev 2003, 124(3):311-316.
22. Tichet J., Vol S., Goxe D., et al. Prevalence of sarcopenia in the French senior population. J Nutr Health Aging 2008, 12(3):202-206.
23. Lauretani F., Russo C.R., Bandinelli S., et al. Age-associated changes in skeletal muscles and their effect on mobility: an operational diagnosis of sarcopenia. J Appl Physiol 2003, 95(5):1851-1860.
24. Hedayati K.K., Dittmar M. Prevalence of sarcopenia among older community-dwelling people with normal health and nutritional state. Ecol Food Nutr 2010, 49(2):110-128.
25. Di Monaco M., Vallero F., Di Monaco R., et al. Prevalence of sarcopenia and its association with osteoporosis in 313 older women following a hip fracture. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2011, 52(1):71-74.
26. Chien M.Y., Huang T.Y., Wu Y.T. Prevalence of sarcopenia estimated using a bioelectrical impedance analysis prediction equation in community-dwelling elderly people in Taiwan. J Am Geriatr Soc 2008, 56(9):1710-1715.
27. Kim T.N., Yang S.J., Yoo H.J., et al. Prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in Korean adults: the Korean sarcopenic obesity study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2009, 33(8):885-892.
28. Waters D.L., Hale L., Grant A.M., et al. Osteoporosis and gait and balance disturbances in older sarcopenic obese New Zealanders. Osteoporos Int 2010, 21(2):351-357.
29. Villareal D.T., Apovian C.M., Kushner R.F., et al. Obesity in older adults: technical review and position statement of the American Society for Nutrition and NAASO, The Obesity Society. Obes Res 2005, 13(11):1849-1863.
30. Flegal K.M., Carroll M.D., Ogden C.L., et al. Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2000. JAMA 2002, 288(14):1723-1727.
31. Arterburn D.E., Crane P.K., Sullivan S.D. The coming epidemic of obesity in elderly Americans. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004, 52(11):1907-1912.
32. Doherty T.J. Aging and sarcopenia. J Appl Physiol 2003, 95(4):1717-1727.
33. Berghofer A., Pischon T., Reinhold T., et al. Obesity prevalence from a European perspective: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2008, 8:200.
34. Roubenoff R. Sarcopenia: effects on body composition and function. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2003, 58(11):1012-1017.
35. Kaplan M.S., Huguet N., Newsom J.T., et al. Prevalence and correlates of overweight and obesity among older adults: findings from the Canadian National Population Health Survey. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2003, 58(11):1018-1030.
36. Ruiz-Arregui L., Castillo-Martinez L., Orea-Tejeda A., et al. Prevalence of self-reported overweight-obesity and its association with socioeconomic and health factors among older Mexican adults. Salud Publica Mex 2007, 49(Suppl 4):S482-S487.
37. Sundborn G., Metcalf P.A., Gentles D., et al. Overweight and obesity prevalence among adult Pacific peoples and Europeans in the Diabetes Heart and Health Study (DHAHS) 2002-2003, Auckland New Zealand. N Z Med J 2010, 123(1311):30-42.
38. Zamboni M., Mazzali G., Zoico E., et al. Health consequences of obesity in the elderly: a review of four unresolved questions. Int J Obes (Lond) 2005, 29(9):1011-1029.
39. Zoico E., Di Francesco V., Guralnik J.M., et al. Physical disability and muscular strength in relation to obesity and different body composition indexes in a sample of healthy elderly women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2004, 28(2):234-241.
40. Zamboni M., Mazzali G., Fantin F., et al. Sarcopenic obesity: a new category of obesity in the elderly. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2008, 18(5):388-395.
41. Roubenoff R., Hughes V.A. Sarcopenia: current concepts. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2000, 55(12):M716-M724.
42. Roubenoff R. Sarcopenia and its implications for the elderly. Eur J Clin Nutr 2000, 54:S40-S47.
43. Morley J.E., Baumgartner R.N., Roubenoff R., et al. Sarcopenia. J Lab Clin Med 2001, 137(4):231-243.
44. Roubenoff R. Origins and clinical relevance of sarcopenia. Can J Appl PhysiolRevue Canadienne De Physiologie Appliquee 2001, 26(1):78-89.
45. Bales C.W., Ritchie C.S. Sarcopenia, weight loss, and nutritional frailty in the elderly. Annu Rev Nutr 2002, 22:309-323.
46. Leeuwenburgh C. Role of apoptosis in sarcopenia. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2003, 58(11):999-1001.
47. Marcell T.J. Sarcopenia: causes, consequences, and preventions. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2003, 58(10):911-916.
48. Greenlund L.J., Nair K.S. Sarcopenia-consequences, mechanisms, and potential therapies. Mech Ageing Dev 2003, 124(3):287-299.
49. Evans W.J. Protein nutrition, exercise and aging. J Am Coll Nutr 2004, 23(Suppl 6):601S-609S.
50. Fulle S., Protasi F., Di Tano G., et al. The contribution of reactive oxygen species to sarcopenia and muscle ageing. Exp Gerontol 2004, 39(1):17-24.
51. Borst S.E. Interventions for sarcopenia and muscle weakness in older people. Age Ageing 2004, 33(6):548-555.
52. Dupont-Versteegden E.E. Apoptosis in muscle atrophy: relevance to sarcopenia. Exp Gerontol 2005, 40(6):473-481.
53. Dirks A.J., Leeuwenburgh C. The role of apoptosis in age-related skeletal muscle atrophy. Sports Med 2005, 35(6):473-483.
54. Kamen G. Aging, resistance training, and motor unit discharge behavior. Can J Appl Physiol-Revue Canadienne De Physiologie Appliquee 2005, 30(3):341-351.
55. Solomon A.M., Bouloux P.M. Modifying muscle mass-the endocrine perspective. J Endocrinol 2006, 191(2):349-360.
56. Faulkner J.A., Larkin L.M., Claflin D.R., et al. Age-related changes in the structure and function of skeletal muscles. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2007, 34(11):1091-1096.
57. Sayers S.P. High-speed power training: a novel approach to resistance training in older men and women. A brief review and pilot study. J Strength Cond Res 2007, 21(2):518-526.
58. Semba R.D., Lauretani F., Ferrucci L. Carotenoids as protection against sarcopenia in older adults. Arch Biochem Biophys 2007, 458(2):141-145.
59. Roubenoff R. Physical activity, inflammation, and muscle loss. Nutr Rev 2007, 65(12 Pt 2):S208-S212.
60. Chahal H.S., Drake W.M. The endocrine system and ageing. J Pathol 2007, 211(2):173-180.
61. Jensen G.L. Inflammation: roles in aging and sarcopenia. J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2008, 32(6):656-659.
62. Paddon-Jones D., Short K.R., Campbell W.W., et al. Role of dietary protein in the sarcopenia of aging. Am J Clin Nutr 2008, 87(5):1562s-1566s.
63. Cesari M., Pahor M. Target population for clinical trials on sarcopenia. J Nutr Health Aging 2008, 12(7):470-478.
64. Johnston A.P., De Lisio M., Parise G. Resistance training, sarcopenia, and the mitochondrial theory of aging. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab-Physiologie Appliquee Nutrition Et Metabolisme 2008, 33(1):191-199.
65. Hiona A., Leeuwenburgh C. The role of mitochondrial DNA mutations in aging and sarcopenia: implications for the mitochondrial vicious cycle theory of aging. Exp Gerontol 2008, 43(1):24-33.
66. Boirie Y. Physiopathological mechanism of sarcopenia. J Nutr Health Aging 2009, 13(8):717-723.
67. Rolland Y., Czerwinski S., van Kan G.A., et al. Sarcopenia: its assessment, etiology, pathogenesis, consequences and future perspectives. J Nutr Health Aging 2008, 12(7):433-450.
68. Huang J.H., Hood D.A. Age-associated mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle: contributing factors and suggestions for long-term interventions. IUBMB Life 2009, 61(3):201-214.
69. Snijders T., Verdijk L.B., van Loon L.J. The impact of sarcopenia and exercise training on skeletal muscle satellite cells. Ageing Res Rev 2009, 8(4):328-338.
70. Paddon-Jones D., Rasmussen B.B. Dietary protein recommendations and the prevention of sarcopenia. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2009, 12(1):86-90.
71. Lang T., Streeper T., Cawthon P., et al. Sarcopenia: etiology, clinical consequences, intervention, and assessment. Osteoporos Int 2010, 21(4):543-559.
72. Meng S.J., Yu L.J. Oxidative stress, molecular inflammation and sarcopenia. Int J Mol Sci 2010, 11(4):1509-1526.
73. Marzetti E., Hwang J.C., Lees H.A., et al. Mitochondrial death effectors: relevance to sarcopenia and disuse muscle atrophy. Biochim Biophys Acta-General Subjects 2010, 1800(3):235-244.
74. Aagaard P., Suetta C., Caserotti P., et al. Role of the nervous system in sarcopenia and muscle atrophy with aging: strength training as a countermeasure. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2010, 20(1):49-64.
75. Kim J.S., Wilson J.M., Lee S.R. Dietary implications on mechanisms of sarcopenia: roles of protein, amino acids and antioxidants. J Nutr Biochem 2010, 21(1):1-13.
76. Donini L.M., Chumlea W.M., Vellas B., et al. Obesity in the elderly Iana symposium-Rome, 26-28th January 2006. J Nutr Health Aging 2006, 10(1):52-54.
77. St-Onge M.P., Gallagher D. Body composition changes with aging: The cause or the result of alterations in metabolic rate and macronutrient oxidation?. Nutrition 2010, 26(2):152-155.
78. Greenberg A.S., Obin M.S. Obesity and the role of adipose tissue in inflammation and metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr 2006, 83:461S-465S.
79. Shulman G.I. Cellular mechanisms of insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 2000, 106(2):171-176.
80. Chandalia M., Abate N. Metabolic complications of obesity: inflated or inflamed?. J Diabetes Complications 2007, 21(2):128-136.
81. Visser M., Bouter L.M., McQuillan G.M., et al. Elevated C-reactive protein levels in overweight and obese adults. JAMA 1999, 282(22):2131-2155.
82. Fried S.K., Bunkin D.A., Greenberg A.S. Omental and subcutaneous adipose tissues of obese subjects release interleukin-6: depot difference and regulation by glucocorticoid. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998, 83(3):847-850.
83. Weisberg S.P., McCann D., Desai M., et al. Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue. J Clin Invest 2003, 112(12):1796-1808.
84. Roubenoff R. Sarcopenic obesity: does muscle loss cause fat gain? lessons from rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2005, 904(1):553-557.
85. Vandervoot A.A., Symons T.B. Functional and metabolic consequences of sarcopenia. Can J Appl Physiol-Revue Canadienne De Physiologie Appliquee 2001, 26(1):90-101.
86. Visser M., Goodpaster B.H., Kritchevsky S.B., et al. Muscle mass, muscle strength, and muscle fat infiltration as predictors of incident mobility limitations in well-functioning older persons. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2005, 60(3):324-333.
87. Visser M., Newman A.B., Nevitt M.C., et al. Reexamining the sarcopenia hypothesis. Muscle mass versus muscle strength. Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study Research Group. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2000, 904:456-461.
88. Goodpaster B.H., Park S.W., Harris T.B., et al. The loss of skeletal muscle strength, mass, and quality in older adults: the health, aging and body composition study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2006, 61(10):1059-1064.
89. Janssen I. Influence of sarcopenia on the development of physical disability: the Cardiovascular Health Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2006, 54(1):56-62.
90. Dey D.K., Bosaeus I., Lissner L., et al. Changes in body composition and its relation to muscle strength in 75-year-old men and women: a 5-year prospective follow-up study of the NORA cohort in Goteborg, Sweden. Nutrition 2009, 25(6):613-619.
91. Lee J.S., Auyeung T.W., Kwok T., et al. Associated factors and health impact of sarcopenia in older Chinese men and women: a cross-sectional study. Gerontology 2007, 53(6):404-410.
92. Faulkner J.A., Davis C.S., Mendias C.L., et al. The aging of elite male athletes: age-related changes in performance and skeletal muscle structure and function. Clin J Sport Med 2008, 18(6):501-507.
93. Waters D.L., Mullins P.G., Qualls C.R., et al. Mitochondrial function in physically active elders with sarcopenia. Mech Ageing Dev 2009, 130(5):315-319.
94. Cosqueric G., Sebag A., Ducolombier C., et al. Sarcopenia is predictive of nosocomial infection in care of the elderly. Br J Nutr 2006, 96(5):895-901.
95. Roubenoff R. Excess baggage: sarcopenia, obesity, and cancer outcomes. Lancet Oncol 2008, 9(7):605-607.
96. Romero-Corral A., Somers V.K., Sierra-Johnson J., et al. Accuracy of body mass index in diagnosing obesity in the adult general population. Int J Obes (Lond) 2008, 32(6):959-966.
97. Alley D.E., Chang V.W. The changing relationship of obesity and disability, 1988-2004. JAMA 2007, 298(17):2020-2027.
98. Al Snih S., Ottenbacher K.J., Markides K.S., et al. The effect of obesity on disability vs mortality in older Americans. Arch Intern Med 2007, 167:774-780.
99. Ferrucci L., Alley D. Obesity, disability, and mortality: a puzzling link. Arch Intern Med 2007, 167(8):750-751.
100. Friedmann J.M., Elasy T., Jensen G.L. The relationship between body mass index and self-reported functional limitation among older adults: a gender difference. J Am Geriatr Soc 2001, 49(4):398-403.
101. Sternfeld B., Ngo L., Satariano W.A., et al. Associations of body composition with physical performance and self-reported functional limitation in elderly men and women. Am J Epidemiol 2002, 156(2):110-121.
102. Newman A.B., Haggerty C.L., Goodpaster B., et al. Strength and muscle quality in a well-functioning cohort of older adults: the health, aging and body composition study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003, 51(3):323-330.
103. Villareal D.T., Banks M., Siener C., et al. Physical frailty and body composition in obese elderly men and women. Obes Res 2004, 12(6):913-920.
104. Rolland Y., Lauwers-Cances V., Pahor M., et al. Muscle strength in obese elderly women: effect of recreational physical activity in a cross-sectional study. Am J Clin Nutr 2004, 79(4):552-557.
105. Stenholm S., Alley D., Bandinelli S., et al. The effect of obesity combined with low muscle strength on decline in mobility in older persons: results from the InCHIANTI study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2009, 33(6):635-644.
106. Rolland Y., Lauwers-Cances V., Cristini C., et al. Difficulties with physical function associated with obesity, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic-obesity in community-dwelling elderly women: the EPIDOS (EPIDemiologie de l'OSteoporose) Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2009, 89(6):1895-1900.
107. Bouchard D.R., Dionne I.J., Brochu M. Sarcopenic/obesity and physical capacity in older men and women: data from the Nutrition as a Determinant of Successful Aging (NuAge)-the Quebec longitudinal Study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2009, 17(11):2082-2088.
108. Baumgartner R.N., Wayne S.J., Waters D.L., et al. Sarcopenic obesity predicts instrumental activities of daily living disability in the elderly. Obes Res 2004, 12(12):1995-2004.
109. Aubertin-Leheudre M., Lord C., Goulet E.B., et al. Effect of sarcopenia on cardiovascular disease risk factors in obese postmenopausal women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2006, 14(12):2277-2283.
110. Aubertin-Leheudre M., Audet M., Goulet E.D., et al. HRT provides no additional beneficial effect on sarcopenia in physically active postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional, observational study. Maturitas 2005, 51(2):140-145.
111. Stephen W.C., Janssen I. Sarcopenic-obesity and cardiovascular disease risk in the elderly. J Nutr Health Aging 2009, 13(5):460-466.
112. Licastro F., Candore G., Lio D., et al. Innate immunity and inflammation in ageing: a key for understanding age-related diseases. Immun Ageing 2005, 2:8.
113. Prado C.M., Lieffers J.R., McCargar L.J., et al. Prevalence and clinical implications of sarcopenic obesity in patients with solid tumours of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts: a population-based study. Lancet Oncol 2008, 9(7):629-635.
114. Monteiro M.A., Gabriel R.C., Sousa M.F., et al. Temporal parameters of the foot roll-over during walking: influence of obesity and sarcopenic obesity on postmenopausal women. Maturitas 2010, 67(2):178-185.
115. Monteiro M., Gabriel R., Aranha J., et al. Influence of obesity and sarcopenic obesity on plantar pressure of postmenopausal women. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2010, 25(5):461-467.
116. Manini T.M., Clark B.C. Dynapenia and Aging: an Update. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2011, [Epub ahead of print].
117. Moreland J.D., Richardson J.A., Goldsmith C.H., et al. Muscle weakness and falls in older adults: a systematice review and meta-analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004, 52:1121-1129.
118. Jensen G.L., Friedmann J.M. Obesity is associated with fuctional decline in community-dwelling rural older persons. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002, 50(5):918-923.