메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 80, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 1049-1060

The importance of marine vs. human-induced subsidies in the maintenance of an expanding mesocarnivore in the arctic tundra

Author keywords

Allochthonous spillover; Arctic fox; Lemming; Population cycles; Red fox; Reindeer; Stable isotopes; Vole

Indexed keywords

ALLOCHTHON; ARCTIC ENVIRONMENT; BIOME; BOTTOM-UP CONTROL; CANID; CARNIVORE; CLIMATE CHANGE; COASTAL ZONE; DEER; DIET; EXTINCTION; ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS; MANAGEMENT PRACTICE; POPULATION CYCLE; PREDATOR; PREY AVAILABILITY; PRIMARY PRODUCTION; RESOURCE AVAILABILITY; RESOURCE USE; RODENT; SEASONAL VARIATION; STABLE ISOTOPE; STOMACH CONTENT; SYMPATRY; TOP-DOWN CONTROL; TUNDRA;

EID: 79960843538     PISSN: 00218790     EISSN: 13652656     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01840.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (89)

References (88)
  • 1
    • 0028980864 scopus 로고
    • The trade-offs between digestion rate and efficiency in warblers and their ecological implications
    • Afik, D. & Karasov, W.H. (1995) The trade-offs between digestion rate and efficiency in warblers and their ecological implications. Ecology, 76, 2247-2257.
    • (1995) Ecology , vol.76 , pp. 2247-2257
    • Afik, D.1    Karasov, W.H.2
  • 3
    • 0034946150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographical and temporal patterns of lemming population dynamics in Fennoscandia
    • Angerbjörn, A., Tannerfeldt, M. & Lundberg, H. (2001) Geographical and temporal patterns of lemming population dynamics in Fennoscandia. Ecography, 24, 298-308.
    • (2001) Ecography , vol.24 , pp. 298-308
    • Angerbjörn, A.1    Tannerfeldt, M.2    Lundberg, H.3
  • 4
    • 84858450149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ressursregnskapet for reindriftnæringen
    • Anonymous. Reindriftsforvaltningen, Alta, Norway (in Norwegian).
    • Anonymous (2010) Ressursregnskapet for reindriftnæringen. Reindriftforvaltningen. Reindriftsforvaltningen, Alta, Norway (in Norwegian).
    • (2010) Reindriftforvaltningen
  • 6
    • 54549102367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forward selection of explanatory variables
    • Blanchet, F.G., Legendre, P. & Borcard, D. (2008) Forward selection of explanatory variables. Ecology, 89, 2623-2632.
    • (2008) Ecology , vol.89 , pp. 2623-2632
    • Blanchet, F.G.1    Legendre, P.2    Borcard, D.3
  • 10
    • 20444406724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ade4 package-I: one-table methods
    • Chessel, D., Dufour, A.B. & Thioulouse, J. (2004) The ade4 package-I: one-table methods. R News, 4, 5-10.
    • (2004) R News , vol.4 , pp. 5-10
    • Chessel, D.1    Dufour, A.B.2    Thioulouse, J.3
  • 11
    • 33645838273 scopus 로고
    • Norges virveldyr
    • Aschehoug & Co, Christiania.
    • Collett, R. (1912) Norges virveldyr. Norges Pattedyr. Aschehoug & Co, Christiania.
    • (1912) Norges Pattedyr
    • Collett, R.1
  • 12
    • 0043072904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipids and stable isotopes in common eider, black-legged kittiwake and northern fulmar - a trophic study from an Arctic fjord
    • Dahl, T.M., Falk-Petersen, S., Gabrielsen, G.W., Sargent, J.R., Hop, H. & Millar, R.-M. (2003) Lipids and stable isotopes in common eider, black-legged kittiwake and northern fulmar - a trophic study from an Arctic fjord. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 256, 257-269.
    • (2003) Marine Ecology Progress Series , vol.256 , pp. 257-269
    • Dahl, T.M.1    Falk-Petersen, S.2    Gabrielsen, G.W.3    Sargent, J.R.4    Hop, H.5    Millar, R.-M.6
  • 13
    • 24044474730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resolving temporal variation in vertebrate diets using naturally occurring stable isotopes
    • Dalerum, F. & Angerbjörn, A. (2005) Resolving temporal variation in vertebrate diets using naturally occurring stable isotopes. Oecologia, 144, 647-658.
    • (2005) Oecologia , vol.144 , pp. 647-658
    • Dalerum, F.1    Angerbjörn, A.2
  • 14
    • 27944469791 scopus 로고
    • Influence of diet on distribution of carbon isotopes in animals
    • DeNiro, M.J. & Epstein, S. (1978) Influence of diet on distribution of carbon isotopes in animals. Geochimica & Cosmochimica Acta, 42, 495-506.
    • (1978) Geochimica & Cosmochimica Acta , vol.42 , pp. 495-506
    • DeNiro, M.J.1    Epstein, S.2
  • 15
    • 37649024043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ade4 package: implementing the duality diagram for ecologists
    • Dray, S. & Dufour, A.B. (2007) The ade4 package: implementing the duality diagram for ecologists. Journal of Statistical Software, 22, 1-20.
    • (2007) Journal of Statistical Software , vol.22 , pp. 1-20
    • Dray, S.1    Dufour, A.B.2
  • 16
    • 33847078408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trophic control of mesopredators in terrestrial ecosystems: top-down or bottom-up?
    • Elmhagen, B. & Rushton, S.P. (2007) Trophic control of mesopredators in terrestrial ecosystems: top-down or bottom-up? Ecology Letters, 10, 197-206.
    • (2007) Ecology Letters , vol.10 , pp. 197-206
    • Elmhagen, B.1    Rushton, S.P.2
  • 22
    • 49249109044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global warming and effects on the arctic fox
    • Fuglei, E. & Ims, R.A. (2008) Global warming and effects on the arctic fox. Science Progress, 9, 175-191.
    • (2008) Science Progress , vol.9 , pp. 175-191
    • Fuglei, E.1    Ims, R.A.2
  • 23
    • 33846522373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental contaminants in arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) in Svalbard: relationships with feeding ecology and body condition
    • Fuglei, E., Bustnes, J.O., Hop, H., Mørk, T., Björnfoth, H. & van Bavel, B. (2007) Environmental contaminants in arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) in Svalbard: relationships with feeding ecology and body condition. Environmental Pollution, 146, 139-149.
    • (2007) Environmental Pollution , vol.146 , pp. 139-149
    • Fuglei, E.1    Bustnes, J.O.2    Hop, H.3    Mørk, T.4    Björnfoth, H.5    van Bavel, B.6
  • 25
    • 66749167061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change and cyclic predator-prey population dynamics in the high Arctic
    • Gilg, O., Sittler, B. & Hanski, I. (2009) Climate change and cyclic predator-prey population dynamics in the high Arctic. Global Change Biology, 15, 2634-2652.
    • (2009) Global Change Biology , vol.15 , pp. 2634-2652
    • Gilg, O.1    Sittler, B.2    Hanski, I.3
  • 27
    • 0036922880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in bird communities by planting non-native spruce in coastal birch forests of northern Norway
    • Hausner, V.H., Yoccoz, N.G., Strann, K.B. & Ims, R.A. (2002) Changes in bird communities by planting non-native spruce in coastal birch forests of northern Norway. Ecoscience, 9, 470-481.
    • (2002) Ecoscience , vol.9 , pp. 470-481
    • Hausner, V.H.1    Yoccoz, N.G.2    Strann, K.B.3    Ims, R.A.4
  • 28
    • 63849202961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonstationary spatio-temporal small rodent dynamics: evidence from long-term Norwegian fox bounty data
    • Henden, J.A., Ims, R.A. & Yoccoz, N.G. (2009) Nonstationary spatio-temporal small rodent dynamics: evidence from long-term Norwegian fox bounty data. Journal of Animal Ecology, 78, 636-645.
    • (2009) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.78 , pp. 636-645
    • Henden, J.A.1    Ims, R.A.2    Yoccoz, N.G.3
  • 29
    • 72949120820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strength of asymmetric competition between predators in food webs ruled by fluctuating prey: the case of foxes in tundra
    • Henden, J.A., Ims, R.A., Yoccoz, N.G., Hellström, P. & Angerbjörn, A. (2010) Strength of asymmetric competition between predators in food webs ruled by fluctuating prey: the case of foxes in tundra. Oikos, 119, 27-34.
    • (2010) Oikos , vol.119 , pp. 27-34
    • Henden, J.A.1    Ims, R.A.2    Yoccoz, N.G.3    Hellström, P.4    Angerbjörn, A.5
  • 30
    • 0000235262 scopus 로고
    • Some comparisons between red and arctic foxes, Vulpes vulpes and Alopex lagopus, as revealed by radiotracking
    • Hersteinsson, P. & Macdonald, D.W. (1982) Some comparisons between red and arctic foxes, Vulpes vulpes and Alopex lagopus, as revealed by radiotracking. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London, 49, 259-289.
    • (1982) Symposia of the Zoological Society of London , vol.49 , pp. 259-289
    • Hersteinsson, P.1    Macdonald, D.W.2
  • 31
    • 0026525640 scopus 로고
    • Interspecific competition and the geographical distribution of red and arctic foxes Vulpes vulpes and Alopex lagopus
    • Hersteinsson, P. & Macdonald, D.W. (1992) Interspecific competition and the geographical distribution of red and arctic foxes Vulpes vulpes and Alopex lagopus. Oikos, 64, 505-515.
    • (1992) Oikos , vol.64 , pp. 505-515
    • Hersteinsson, P.1    Macdonald, D.W.2
  • 32
    • 17444425741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trophic interaction cycles in tundra ecosystems and the impact of climate change
    • Ims, R.A. & Fuglei, E. (2005) Trophic interaction cycles in tundra ecosystems and the impact of climate change. BioScience, 55, 311-322.
    • (2005) BioScience , vol.55 , pp. 311-322
    • Ims, R.A.1    Fuglei, E.2
  • 37
    • 0026592775 scopus 로고
    • Foraging and diet of the red fox Vulpes vulpes in relation to variable food resources in Bialowieza-National-Park, Poland
    • Jedrzejewski, W. & Jedrzejewska, B. (1992) Foraging and diet of the red fox Vulpes vulpes in relation to variable food resources in Bialowieza-National-Park, Poland. Ecography, 15, 212-220.
    • (1992) Ecography , vol.15 , pp. 212-220
    • Jedrzejewski, W.1    Jedrzejewska, B.2
  • 38
    • 0002405258 scopus 로고
    • The age determination in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes L.) from canine tooth sections
    • Jensen, B. & Nilsen, L.B. (1968) The age determination in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes L.) from canine tooth sections. Danish Review of Game Biology, 5, 1-15.
    • (1968) Danish Review of Game Biology , vol.5 , pp. 1-15
    • Jensen, B.1    Nilsen, L.B.2
  • 40
    • 0025558034 scopus 로고
    • Mapping winter grazing areas for reindeer in Finnmark county, Northern Norway, using Landsat 5-TM data. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 1990. IGARSS '90. 'Remote Sensing Science for the Nineties', 10th Annual International -
    • Johansen, B. & Tømmervik, H. (1990) Mapping winter grazing areas for reindeer in Finnmark county, Northern Norway, using Landsat 5-TM data. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 1990. IGARSS '90. 'Remote Sensing Science for the Nineties', 10th Annual International, pp. 613-616.
    • (1990) , pp. 613-616
    • Johansen, B.1    Tømmervik, H.2
  • 41
    • 33745063874 scopus 로고
    • Rovdyr- og rovfuglstatistikken i Norge
    • Johnsen, S. (1929) Rovdyr- og rovfuglstatistikken i Norge. Bergens Museums Årbok, 2, 1-140.
    • (1929) Bergens Museums Årbok , vol.2 , pp. 1-140
    • Johnsen, S.1
  • 44
    • 3342999478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community contributions to ecological monitoring: knowledge co-production in the U.S.-Canada Arctic Borderlands
    • with the Communities of Aklavik, Arctic Village, Old Crow & Fort Mcpherson (eds I. Krupnik & D. Jolly) - Arctic Research Consortium of the United States, Fairbanks, AK.
    • Kofinas, G., with the Communities of Aklavik, Arctic Village, Old Crow & Fort Mcpherson (2002) Community contributions to ecological monitoring: knowledge co-production in the U.S.-Canada Arctic Borderlands. The Earth is Faster Now: Indigenous Observations of Arctic Environmental Change (eds I. Krupnik & D. Jolly), pp. 54-91. Arctic Research Consortium of the United States, Fairbanks, AK.
    • (2002) The Earth is Faster Now: Indigenous Observations of Arctic Environmental Change , pp. 54-91
    • Kofinas, G.1
  • 45
    • 0030460641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predation and population cycles of small mammals - a reassessment of the predation hypothesis
    • Korpimäki, E. & Krebs, C.J. (1996) Predation and population cycles of small mammals - a reassessment of the predation hypothesis. BioScience, 46, 754-764.
    • (1996) BioScience , vol.46 , pp. 754-764
    • Korpimäki, E.1    Krebs, C.J.2
  • 46
    • 0344153748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial pattern of risk of common raven predation on desert tortoises
    • Kristan, W.B. & Boarman, W.I. (2003) Spatial pattern of risk of common raven predation on desert tortoises. Ecology, 84, 2432-2443.
    • (2003) Ecology , vol.84 , pp. 2432-2443
    • Kristan, W.B.1    Boarman, W.I.2
  • 47
    • 7544233786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Range expansion of raccoons in the Canadian prairies: review of hypotheses
    • Lariviere, S. (2004) Range expansion of raccoons in the Canadian prairies: review of hypotheses. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 32, 955-963.
    • (2004) Wildlife Society Bulletin , vol.32 , pp. 955-963
    • Lariviere, S.1
  • 48
    • 79960847049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward understanding the effect of top-predators on ecosystems
    • Lecomte, N., Ehrich, D., Ims, R.A & Yoccoz, N.G. (2009) Toward understanding the effect of top-predators on ecosystems. F-1000 Biology Reports, 1, 26-29. DOI.
    • (2009) F-1000 Biology Reports , vol.1 , pp. 26-29
    • Lecomte, N.1    Ehrich, D.2    Ims, R.A.3    Yoccoz, N.G.4
  • 49
    • 0024570791 scopus 로고
    • Food limitation and social regulation in a red fox population
    • Lindström, E. (1989) Food limitation and social regulation in a red fox population. Holarctic Ecology, 12, 70-79.
    • (1989) Holarctic Ecology , vol.12 , pp. 70-79
    • Lindström, E.1
  • 50
    • 0027995202 scopus 로고
    • Vole cycles, snow depth and fox predation
    • Lindström, E.R. & Hörnfeldt, B. (1994) Vole cycles, snow depth and fox predation. Oikos, 70, 156-160.
    • (1994) Oikos , vol.70 , pp. 156-160
    • Lindström, E.R.1    Hörnfeldt, B.2
  • 52
    • 0142072828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reindeer in the Swedish mountains: an assessment of grazing impacts
    • Moen, J. & Danell, O. (2003) Reindeer in the Swedish mountains: an assessment of grazing impacts. Ambio, 32, 397-402.
    • (2003) Ambio , vol.32 , pp. 397-402
    • Moen, J.1    Danell, O.2
  • 53
    • 84858450551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipids and stable isotopes in marine food webs in West Greenland. Trophic relations and health implications. PhD thesis, National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark
    • Møller, P. (2006) Lipids and stable isotopes in marine food webs in West Greenland. Trophic relations and health implications. PhD thesis, National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark, 212 pp.
    • (2006) , pp. 212
    • Møller, P.1
  • 54
    • 43049117184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alcid winter diet in the northwest Atlantic determined by stable isotope analysis
    • Moody, A.T. & Hobson, K.A. (2007) Alcid winter diet in the northwest Atlantic determined by stable isotope analysis. Marine Ornithology, 35, 39-46.
    • (2007) Marine Ornithology , vol.35 , pp. 39-46
    • Moody, A.T.1    Hobson, K.A.2
  • 55
    • 0030619096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased plant growth in the northern high latitudes from 1981 to 1991
    • Myneni, R.B., Keeling, C.D., Tucker, C.J., Asrar, G. & Nemani, R.R. (1997) Increased plant growth in the northern high latitudes from 1981 to 1991. Nature, 386, 698-702.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.386 , pp. 698-702
    • Myneni, R.B.1    Keeling, C.D.2    Tucker, C.J.3    Asrar, G.4    Nemani, R.R.5
  • 56
    • 0001728012 scopus 로고
    • Removal experiment on small quadrats as a means of rapid assessment of the abundance of small mammals
    • Myllymäki, A., Paasikallio, A., Pankakoski, E. & Kanervo, V. (1971) Removal experiment on small quadrats as a means of rapid assessment of the abundance of small mammals. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 8, 177-185.
    • (1971) Annales Zoologici Fennici , vol.8 , pp. 177-185
    • Myllymäki, A.1    Paasikallio, A.2    Pankakoski, E.3    Kanervo, V.4
  • 57
    • 43749122621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arctic lemmings, Lemmus spp. and Dicrostonyx spp.: integrating ecological and evolutionary perspectives
    • Oksanen, T., Oksanen, L., Dahlgren, J. & Ofsson, J. (2008) Arctic lemmings, Lemmus spp. and Dicrostonyx spp.: integrating ecological and evolutionary perspectives. Evolutionary Ecology Research, 10, 415-434.
    • (2008) Evolutionary Ecology Research , vol.10 , pp. 415-434
    • Oksanen, T.1    Oksanen, L.2    Dahlgren, J.3    Ofsson, J.4
  • 58
    • 59749094781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent (1986-2006) vegetation-specific NDVI trends in Northern Canada from satellite data
    • Olthof, I., Pouliot, D., Latifovic, R. & Chen, W.J. (2008) Recent (1986-2006) vegetation-specific NDVI trends in Northern Canada from satellite data. Arctic, 61, 381-394.
    • (2008) Arctic , vol.61 , pp. 381-394
    • Olthof, I.1    Pouliot, D.2    Latifovic, R.3    Chen, W.J.4
  • 59
    • 0345363115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fox predation on cyclic field vole populations in Britain
    • O'Mahony, D., Lambin, X., Mackinnon, J.L. & Coles, C.F. (1999) Fox predation on cyclic field vole populations in Britain. Ecography, 22, 575-581.
    • (1999) Ecography , vol.22 , pp. 575-581
    • O'Mahony, D.1    Lambin, X.2    Mackinnon, J.L.3    Coles, C.F.4
  • 60
    • 77950546330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Source partitioning using stable isotopes: coping with too much variation
    • Parnell, A.C., Inger, R., Bearhop, S. & Jackson, A.L. (2010) Source partitioning using stable isotopes: coping with too much variation. PLoS ONE, 5, e9672.
    • (2010) PLoS ONE , vol.5
    • Parnell, A.C.1    Inger, R.2    Bearhop, S.3    Jackson, A.L.4
  • 62
    • 79960840864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • amp; nlme: linear and nonlinear mixed effects model. R package version 3.1-77. Available at.
    • Pinheiro, J.C., Bates, D.M., Debroy, S. & Deepayan, S. (2006) nlme: linear and nonlinear mixed effects model. R package version 3.1-77. Available at.
    • (2006)
    • Pinheiro, J.C.1    Bates, D.M.2    Debroy, S.3    Deepayan, S.4
  • 63
    • 0029668462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linking marine and terrestrial food webs: Allochthonous input from the ocean supports high secondary productivity on small islands and coastal land communities
    • Polis, G.A. & Hurd, S.D. (1996) Linking marine and terrestrial food webs: Allochthonous input from the ocean supports high secondary productivity on small islands and coastal land communities. American Naturalist, 147, 396-423.
    • (1996) American Naturalist , vol.147 , pp. 396-423
    • Polis, G.A.1    Hurd, S.D.2
  • 66
    • 5344244656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R Development Core Team R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
    • R Development Core Team (2008) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
    • (2008) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
  • 67
    • 0000442911 scopus 로고
    • The use and interpretation of principal component analysis in applied research
    • Rao, C.R. (1964) The use and interpretation of principal component analysis in applied research. Sankhyā A, 26, 329-358.
    • (1964) Sankhyā A , vol.26 , pp. 329-358
    • Rao, C.R.1
  • 68
    • 66549114471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modernization and pasture degradation: a comparative study of two Sami reindeer pasture regions in Norway
    • Riseth, J. A. & Vatn, A. (2009) Modernization and pasture degradation: a comparative study of two Sami reindeer pasture regions in Norway. Land Economics, 85, 87-106.
    • (2009) Land Economics , vol.85 , pp. 87-106
    • Riseth, J.A.1    Vatn, A.2
  • 69
    • 68849121788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predator interactions, mesopredator release and biodiversity conservation
    • Ritchie, E.G. & Johnson, C.N. (2009) Predator interactions, mesopredator release and biodiversity conservation. Ecology Letters, 12, 982-998.
    • (2009) Ecology Letters , vol.12 , pp. 982-998
    • Ritchie, E.G.1    Johnson, C.N.2
  • 70
    • 67649781216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ecological role of the mammalian mesocarnivore
    • Roemer, G.W., Gompper, M.E. & Van Valkenburgh, B. (2009) The ecological role of the mammalian mesocarnivore. BioScience, 59, 165-173.
    • (2009) BioScience , vol.59 , pp. 165-173
    • Roemer, G.W.1    Gompper, M.E.2    Van Valkenburgh, B.3
  • 71
    • 0031818888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The distribution and abundance of coyotes: the effects of allochthonous food subsidies from the sea
    • Rose, M.D. & Polis, G.A. (1998) The distribution and abundance of coyotes: the effects of allochthonous food subsidies from the sea. Ecology, 79, 998-1007.
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.79 , pp. 998-1007
    • Rose, M.D.1    Polis, G.A.2
  • 72
    • 0036938008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal variability in arctic fox diet as reflected in stable-carbon isotopes; the importance of sea ice
    • Roth, J.D. (2002) Temporal variability in arctic fox diet as reflected in stable-carbon isotopes; the importance of sea ice. Oecologia, 133, 70-77.
    • (2002) Oecologia , vol.133 , pp. 70-77
    • Roth, J.D.1
  • 73
    • 0038044766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability in marine resources affects arctic fox population dynamics
    • Roth, J.D. (2003) Variability in marine resources affects arctic fox population dynamics. Journal of Animal Ecology, 72, 668-676.
    • (2003) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.72 , pp. 668-676
    • Roth, J.D.1
  • 74
    • 77951693870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arctic fox den use in relation to altitude and human infrastructure
    • Selås, V., Johnsen, B.S. & Eide, N.E. (2010) Arctic fox den use in relation to altitude and human infrastructure. Wildlife Biology, 16, 107-112.
    • (2010) Wildlife Biology , vol.16 , pp. 107-112
    • Selås, V.1    Johnsen, B.S.2    Eide, N.E.3
  • 75
    • 36148942804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The arctic fox Alopex lagopus in Fennoscandia: a victim of human-induced changes in interspecific competition and predation?
    • Selås, V. & Vik, J.O. (2007) The arctic fox Alopex lagopus in Fennoscandia: a victim of human-induced changes in interspecific competition and predation? Biodiversity and Conservation, 16, 3575-3583.
    • (2007) Biodiversity and Conservation , vol.16 , pp. 3575-3583
    • Selås, V.1    Vik, J.O.2
  • 76
    • 33644556486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations in the diet and population density of the red fox Vulpes vulpes in the mixed woodlands of northern Belarus
    • Sidorovich, V.E., Sidorovich, A.A. & Izotova, I.V. (2006) Variations in the diet and population density of the red fox Vulpes vulpes in the mixed woodlands of northern Belarus. Mammalian Biology, 71, 74-89.
    • (2006) Mammalian Biology , vol.71 , pp. 74-89
    • Sidorovich, V.E.1    Sidorovich, A.A.2    Izotova, I.V.3
  • 78
    • 0022886374 scopus 로고
    • Effect of snow cover on seasonal-changes in diet, habitat, and regional distribution of raptors that prey on small mammals in boreal zones of Fennoscandia
    • Sonerud, G.A. (1986) Effect of snow cover on seasonal-changes in diet, habitat, and regional distribution of raptors that prey on small mammals in boreal zones of Fennoscandia. Holarctic Ecology, 9, 33-47.
    • (1986) Holarctic Ecology , vol.9 , pp. 33-47
    • Sonerud, G.A.1
  • 79
    • 0036942711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exclusion by interference competition? The relationship between red and arctic foxes
    • Tannerfeldt, M., Elmhagen, B. & Angerbjörn, A. (2002) Exclusion by interference competition? The relationship between red and arctic foxes Oecologia, 132, 213-220.
    • (2002) Oecologia , vol.132 , pp. 213-220
    • Tannerfeldt, M.1    Elmhagen, B.2    Angerbjörn, A.3
  • 80
    • 0020874047 scopus 로고
    • Fractionation and turnover of stable carbon isotopes in animal-tissues - implications for δ13C analysis of diet
    • Tieszen, L.L., Boutton, T.W., Tesdahl, K.G. & Slade, N.A. (1983) Fractionation and turnover of stable carbon isotopes in animal-tissues - implications for δ13C analysis of diet. Oecologia, 57, 32-37.
    • (1983) Oecologia , vol.57 , pp. 32-37
    • Tieszen, L.L.1    Boutton, T.W.2    Tesdahl, K.G.3    Slade, N.A.4
  • 83
    • 84858449396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissekering av gulpeboller og rovdyrekskrementer - nøkkelen til en ukjent verden
    • Van Der Koij, J. (1999) Dissekering av gulpeboller og rovdyrekskrementer - nøkkelen til en ukjent verden. Fauna, 52, 165-181.
    • (1999) Fauna , vol.52 , pp. 165-181
    • Van Der Koij, J.1
  • 84
    • 66749091593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global declines of caribou and reindeer
    • Vors, L.S. & Boyce, M.S. (2009) Global declines of caribou and reindeer. Global Change Biology, 15, 2626-2633.
    • (2009) Global Change Biology , vol.15 , pp. 2626-2633
    • Vors, L.S.1    Boyce, M.S.2
  • 85
    • 79960834362 scopus 로고
    • Records of snowy owls and arctic fox from Finnmark, Norway
    • Walhovd, H. (1978) Records of snowy owls and arctic fox from Finnmark, Norway. Fauna, 31, 233-236.
    • (1978) Fauna , vol.31 , pp. 233-236
    • Walhovd, H.1
  • 87
    • 0242673014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trophic facilitation by introduced top predators: gray wolf subsidies to scavengers in Yellowstone National Park
    • Wilmers, C.C., Crabtree, R.L., Smith, D.W., Murphy, K.M. & Getz, W.M. (2003a) Trophic facilitation by introduced top predators: gray wolf subsidies to scavengers in Yellowstone National Park. Journal of Animal Ecology, 72, 909-916.
    • (2003) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.72 , pp. 909-916
    • Wilmers, C.C.1    Crabtree, R.L.2    Smith, D.W.3    Murphy, K.M.4    Getz, W.M.5
  • 88
    • 0242658602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resource dispersion and consumer dominance: scavenging at wolf- and hunter-killed carcasses in Greater Yellowstone, USA
    • Wilmers, C.C., Stahler, D.R., Crabtree, R.L., Smith, D.W. & Getz, W.M. (2003b) Resource dispersion and consumer dominance: scavenging at wolf- and hunter-killed carcasses in Greater Yellowstone, USA. Ecology Letters, 6, 996-1003.
    • (2003) Ecology Letters , vol.6 , pp. 996-1003
    • Wilmers, C.C.1    Stahler, D.R.2    Crabtree, R.L.3    Smith, D.W.4    Getz, W.M.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.