-
1
-
-
0033914385
-
Characterization of a toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive strain of Clostridium difficile responsible for a nosocomial outbreak of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea
-
Alfa, M. J., Kabani, A., Lyerly, D., Moncrief, S., Neville, L. M., Al-Barrak, A., Harding, G. K., Dyck, B., Olekson, K. & Embil, J. M. (2000). Characterization of a toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive strain of Clostridium difficile responsible for a nosocomial outbreak of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. J ClinMicrobiol 38, 2706-2714.
-
(2000)
J ClinMicrobiol
, vol.38
, pp. 2706-2714
-
-
Alfa, M.J.1
Kabani, A.2
Lyerly, D.3
Moncrief, S.4
Neville, L.M.5
Al-Barrak, A.6
Harding, G.K.7
Dyck, B.8
Olekson, K.9
Embil, J.M.10
-
2
-
-
20144363690
-
Clinical features of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea due to binary toxin (actin-specific ADP-ribosyltransferase)-producing strains
-
other authors
-
Barbut, F., Decré, D., Lalande, V., Burghoffer, B., Noussair, L., Gigandon, A., Espinasse, F., Raskine, L., Robert, J. &other authors (2005). Clinical features of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea due to binary toxin (actin-specific ADP-ribosyltransferase)-producing strains. J Med Microbiol 54, 181-185.
-
(2005)
J Med Microbiol
, vol.54
, pp. 181-185
-
-
Barbut, F.1
Decré, D.2
Lalande, V.3
Burghoffer, B.4
Noussair, L.5
Gigandon, A.6
Espinasse, F.7
Raskine, L.8
Robert, J.9
-
3
-
-
0026671536
-
Molecular, immunological, and biological characterization of a toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive strain of Clostridium difficile
-
Borriello, S. P., Wren, B. W., Hyde, S., Seddon, S. V., Sibbons, P., Krishna, M. M., Tabaqchali, S., Manek, S. & Price, A. B. (1992). Molecular, immunological, and biological characterization of a toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive strain of Clostridium difficile. Infect Immun 60, 4192-4199.
-
(1992)
Infect Immun
, vol.60
, pp. 4192-4199
-
-
Borriello, S.P.1
Wren, B.W.2
Hyde, S.3
Seddon, S.V.4
Sibbons, P.5
Krishna, M.M.6
Tabaqchali, S.7
Manek, S.8
Price, A.B.9
-
4
-
-
0023689510
-
Laboratory diagnosis of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea
-
Bowman, R. A. & Riley, T. V. (1988). Laboratory diagnosis of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 7, 476-484.
-
(1988)
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis
, vol.7
, pp. 476-484
-
-
Bowman, R.A.1
Riley, T.V.2
-
5
-
-
0030605226
-
Definition of the single integration site of the pathogenicity locus in Clostridium difficile
-
Braun, V., Hundsberger, T., Leukel, P., Sauerborn, M. & von Eichel-Streiber, C. (1996). Definition of the single integration site of the pathogenicity locus in Clostridium difficile. Gene 181, 29-38.
-
(1996)
Gene
, vol.181
, pp. 29-38
-
-
Braun, V.1
Hundsberger, T.2
Leukel, P.3
Sauerborn, M.4
von Eichel-Streiber, C.5
-
6
-
-
0031971939
-
The diagnosis of Clostridium difficile-associated disease
-
Brazier, J. S. (1998). The diagnosis of Clostridium difficile-associated disease. J Antimicrob Chemother 41 (Suppl. C), 29-40.
-
(1998)
J Antimicrob Chemother
, vol.41
, Issue.SUPPL. C
, pp. 29-40
-
-
Brazier, J.S.1
-
7
-
-
0032816828
-
Prevalence of toxin A negative/B positive Clostridium difficile strains
-
Brazier, J. S., Stubbs, S. L. & Duerden, B. I. (1999). Prevalence of toxin A negative/B positive Clostridium difficile strains. J Hosp Infect 42, 248-249.
-
(1999)
J Hosp Infect
, vol.42
, pp. 248-249
-
-
Brazier, J.S.1
Stubbs, S.L.2
Duerden, B.I.3
-
8
-
-
35048868078
-
Binary toxin production in Clostridium difficile is regulated by CdtR, a LytTR family response regulator
-
Carter, G. P., Lyras, D., Allen, D. L., Mackin, K. E., Howarth, P. M., O'Connor, J. R. & Rood, J. I. (2007). Binary toxin production in Clostridium difficile is regulated by CdtR, a LytTR family response regulator. J Bacteriol 189, 7290-7301.
-
(2007)
J Bacteriol
, vol.189
, pp. 7290-7301
-
-
Carter, G.P.1
Lyras, D.2
Allen, D.L.3
Mackin, K.E.4
Howarth, P.M.5
O'Connor, J.R.6
Rood, J.I.7
-
9
-
-
0034049543
-
Analysis of the pathogenicity locus in Clostridium difficile strains
-
Cohen, S. H., Tang, Y. J. & Silva, J., Jr (2000). Analysis of the pathogenicity locus in Clostridium difficile strains. J Infect Dis 181, 659-663.
-
(2000)
J Infect Dis
, vol.181
, pp. 659-663
-
-
Cohen, S.H.1
Tang, Y.J.2
Silva Jr., J.3
-
10
-
-
34247260039
-
Isolation and characterisation of toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive Clostridium difficile in Dublin, Ireland
-
Drudy, D., Harnedy, N., Fanning, S., O'Mahony, R. & Kyne, L. (2007). Isolation and characterisation of toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive Clostridium difficile in Dublin, Ireland. Clin Microbiol Infect 13, 298-304.
-
(2007)
Clin Microbiol Infect
, vol.13
, pp. 298-304
-
-
Drudy, D.1
Harnedy, N.2
Fanning, S.3
O'Mahony, R.4
Kyne, L.5
-
11
-
-
70749150720
-
Application of multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis to determine clonal spread of toxin A-negative Clostridium difficile in a general hospital in Buenos Aires, Argentina
-
Goorhuis, A., Legaria, M. C., van den Berg, R. J., Harmanus, C., Klaassen, C. H., Brazier, J. S., Lumelsky, G. & Kuijper, E. J. (2009). Application of multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis to determine clonal spread of toxin A-negative Clostridium difficile in a general hospital in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Clin Microbiol Infect 15, 1080-1086.
-
(2009)
Clin Microbiol Infect
, vol.15
, pp. 1080-1086
-
-
Goorhuis, A.1
Legaria, M.C.2
van den Berg, R.J.3
Harmanus, C.4
Klaassen, C.H.5
Brazier, J.S.6
Lumelsky, G.7
Kuijper, E.J.8
-
12
-
-
70350351716
-
Distinct ribotypes and rates of antimicrobial drug resistance in Clostridium difficile from Shanghai and Stockholm
-
Huang, H., Fang, H., Weintraub, A. & Nord, C. E. (2009). Distinct ribotypes and rates of antimicrobial drug resistance in Clostridium difficile from Shanghai and Stockholm. Clin Microbiol Infect 15, 1170-1173.
-
(2009)
Clin Microbiol Infect
, vol.15
, pp. 1170-1173
-
-
Huang, H.1
Fang, H.2
Weintraub, A.3
Nord, C.E.4
-
13
-
-
0037390028
-
International typing study of toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive Clostridium difficile variants
-
Johnson, S., Sambol, S. P., Brazier, J. S., Delmée, M., Avesani, V., Merrigan, M. M. & Gerding, D. N. (2003). International typing study of toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive Clostridium difficile variants. J Clin Microbiol 41, 1543-1547.
-
(2003)
J Clin Microbiol
, vol.41
, pp. 1543-1547
-
-
Johnson, S.1
Sambol, S.P.2
Brazier, J.S.3
Delmée, M.4
Avesani, V.5
Merrigan, M.M.6
Gerding, D.N.7
-
14
-
-
0026008177
-
Identification of toxigenic Clostridium difficile by the polymerase chain reaction
-
Kato, N., Ou, C.-Y., Kato, H., Bartley, S. L., Brown, V. K., Dowell, V. R., Jr & Ueno, K. (1991). Identification of toxigenic Clostridium difficile by the polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol 29, 33-37.
-
(1991)
J Clin Microbiol
, vol.29
, pp. 33-37
-
-
Kato, N.1
Ou, C.-Y.2
Kato, H.3
Bartley, S.L.4
Brown, V.K.5
Dowell Jr., V.R.6
Ueno, K.7
-
15
-
-
0031903191
-
Identification of toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive Clostridium difficile by PCR
-
Kato, H., Kato, N., Watanabe, K., Iwai, N., Nakamura, H., Yamamoto, T., Suzuki, K., Kim, S.-M., Chong, Y. & Wasito, E. B. (1998). Identification of toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive Clostridium difficile by PCR. J Clin Microbiol 36, 2178-2182.
-
(1998)
J Clin Microbiol
, vol.36
, pp. 2178-2182
-
-
Kato, H.1
Kato, N.2
Watanabe, K.3
Iwai, N.4
Nakamura, H.5
Yamamoto, T.6
Suzuki, K.7
Kim, S.-M.8
Chong, Y.9
Wasito, E.B.10
-
16
-
-
0034808952
-
Nosocomial outbreak of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea due to a clindamycin-resistant enterotoxin A-negative strain
-
Kuijper, E. J., de Weerdt, J., Kato, H., Kato, N., van Dam, A. P., van der Vorm, E. R., Weel, J., van Rheenen, C. & Dankert, J. (2001). Nosocomial outbreak of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea due to a clindamycin-resistant enterotoxin A-negative strain. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 20, 528-534.
-
(2001)
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis
, vol.20
, pp. 528-534
-
-
Kuijper, E.J.1
de Weerdt, J.2
Kato, H.3
Kato, N.4
van Dam, A.P.5
van der Vorm, E.R.6
Weel, J.7
van Rheenen, C.8
Dankert, J.9
-
17
-
-
0035436327
-
Clonal dissemination of a toxin-A-negative/ toxin-B-positive Clostridium difficile strain from patients with antibioticassociated diarrhea in Poland
-
Pituch, H., van den Braak, N., van Leeuwen, W., van Belkum, A., Martirosian, G., Obuch-Woszczatyński, P., Łuczak, M. & Meisel-Mikołajczyk, F. (2001). Clonal dissemination of a toxin-A-negative/ toxin-B-positive Clostridium difficile strain from patients with antibioticassociated diarrhea in Poland. Clin Microbiol Infect 7, 442-446.
-
(2001)
Clin Microbiol Infect
, vol.7
, pp. 442-446
-
-
Pituch, H.1
van den Braak, N.2
van Leeuwen, W.3
van Belkum, A.4
Martirosian, G.5
Obuch-Woszczatyński, P.6
łuczak, M.7
Meisel-Mikołajczyk, F.8
-
18
-
-
34248589086
-
Toxin profiles and resistances to macrolides and newer fluoroquinolones as epidemicity determinants of clinical isolates of Clostridium difficile from Warsaw, Poland
-
other authors
-
Pituch, H., van Leeuwen, W., Maquelin, K., Wultańska, D., Obuch-Woszczatyński, P., Nurzyńska, G., Kato, H., Reijans, M., Meisel-Mikołajczyk, F. & other authors (2007). Toxin profiles and resistances to macrolides and newer fluoroquinolones as epidemicity determinants of clinical isolates of Clostridium difficile from Warsaw, Poland. J Clin Microbiol 45, 1607-1610.
-
(2007)
J Clin Microbiol
, vol.45
, pp. 1607-1610
-
-
Pituch, H.1
van Leeuwen, W.2
Maquelin, K.3
Wultańska, D.4
Obuch-Woszczatyński, P.5
Nurzyńska, G.6
Kato, H.7
Reijans, M.8
Meisel-Mikołajczyk, F.9
-
19
-
-
34147093284
-
Is Clostridium difficile-associated infection a potentially zoonotic and foodborne disease?
-
Rupnik, M. (2007). Is Clostridium difficile-associated infection a potentially zoonotic and foodborne disease? Clin Microbiol Infect 13, 457-459.
-
(2007)
Clin Microbiol Infect
, vol.13
, pp. 457-459
-
-
Rupnik, M.1
-
20
-
-
42149172381
-
Heterogeneity of large clostridial toxins: Importance of Clostridium difficile toxinotypes
-
Rupnik, M. (2008). Heterogeneity of large clostridial toxins: importance of Clostridium difficile toxinotypes. FEMS Microbiol Rev 32, 541-555.
-
(2008)
FEMS Microbiol Rev
, vol.32
, pp. 541-555
-
-
Rupnik, M.1
-
21
-
-
0030932086
-
Characterization of polymorphisms in the toxin A and B genes of Clostridium difficile
-
Rupnik, M., Braun, V., Soehn, F., Janc, M., Hofstetter, M., Laufenberg-Feldmann, R. & von Eichel-Streiber, C. (1997). Characterization of polymorphisms in the toxin A and B genes of Clostridium difficile. FEMS Microbiol Lett 148, 197-202.
-
(1997)
FEMS Microbiol Lett
, vol.148
, pp. 197-202
-
-
Rupnik, M.1
Braun, V.2
Soehn, F.3
Janc, M.4
Hofstetter, M.5
Laufenberg-Feldmann, R.6
von Eichel-Streiber, C.7
-
22
-
-
0031878772
-
A novel toxinotyping scheme and correlation of toxinotypes with serogroups of Clostridium difficile isolates
-
Rupnik, M., Avesani, V., Janc, M., von Eichel-Streiber, C. & Delmée, M. (1998). A novel toxinotyping scheme and correlation of toxinotypes with serogroups of Clostridium difficile isolates. J Clin Microbiol 36, 2240-2247.
-
(1998)
J Clin Microbiol
, vol.36
, pp. 2240-2247
-
-
Rupnik, M.1
Avesani, V.2
Janc, M.3
von Eichel-Streiber, C.4
Delmée, M.5
-
23
-
-
0344492211
-
New types of toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive strains among Clostridium difficile isolates from Asia
-
Rupnik, M., Kato, N., Grabnar, M. & Kato, H. (2003). New types of toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive strains among Clostridium difficile isolates from Asia. J Clin Microbiol 41, 1118-1125.
-
(2003)
J Clin Microbiol
, vol.41
, pp. 1118-1125
-
-
Rupnik, M.1
Kato, N.2
Grabnar, M.3
Kato, H.4
-
24
-
-
2942672510
-
A nosocomial outbreak of diarrhea caused by toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive Clostridium difficile in a cancer center hospital
-
in Japanese
-
Sato, H., Kato, H., Koiwai, K. & Sakai, C. (2004). [A nosocomial outbreak of diarrhea caused by toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive Clostridium difficile in a cancer center hospital]. Kansenshogaku Zasshi 78, 312-319 (in Japanese).
-
(2004)
Kansenshogaku Zasshi
, vol.78
, pp. 312-319
-
-
Sato, H.1
Kato, H.2
Koiwai, K.3
Sakai, C.4
-
25
-
-
0031812906
-
Genetic rearrangements in the pathogenicity locus of Clostridium difficile strain 8864 - implications for transcription, expression and enzymatic activity of toxins A and B
-
Soehn, F., Wagenknecht-Wiesner, A., Leukel, P., Kohl, M., Weidmann, M., von Eichel-Streiber, C. & Braun, V. (1998). Genetic rearrangements in the pathogenicity locus of Clostridium difficile strain 8864 - implications for transcription, expression and enzymatic activity of toxins A and B. Mol Gen Genet 258, 222-232.
-
(1998)
Mol Gen Genet
, vol.258
, pp. 222-232
-
-
Soehn, F.1
Wagenknecht-Wiesner, A.2
Leukel, P.3
Kohl, M.4
Weidmann, M.5
von Eichel-Streiber, C.6
Braun, V.7
-
26
-
-
0036708347
-
Molecular analysis of the pathogenicity locus and polymorphism in the putative negative regulator of toxin production (TcdC) among Clostridium difficile clinical isolates
-
Spigaglia, P. & Mastrantonio, P. (2002). Molecular analysis of the pathogenicity locus and polymorphism in the putative negative regulator of toxin production (TcdC) among Clostridium difficile clinical isolates. J Clin Microbiol 40, 3470-3475.
-
(2002)
J Clin Microbiol
, vol.40
, pp. 3470-3475
-
-
Spigaglia, P.1
Mastrantonio, P.2
-
27
-
-
0032901542
-
PCR targeted to the 16S-23S rRNA gene intergenic spacer region of Clostridium difficile and construction of a library consisting of 116 different PCR ribotypes
-
Stubbs, S. L. J., Brazier, J. S., O'Neill, G. L. & Duerden, B. I. (1999). PCR targeted to the 16S-23S rRNA gene intergenic spacer region of Clostridium difficile and construction of a library consisting of 116 different PCR ribotypes. J Clin Microbiol 37, 461-463.
-
(1999)
J Clin Microbiol
, vol.37
, pp. 461-463
-
-
Stubbs, S.L.J.1
Brazier, J.S.2
O'Neill, G.L.3
Duerden, B.I.4
-
28
-
-
0034607782
-
Production of actin-specific ADP-ribosyltransferase (binary toxin) by strains of Clostridium difficile
-
Stubbs, S., Rupnik, M., Gibert, M., Brazier, J., Duerden, B. & Popoff, M. (2000). Production of actin-specific ADP-ribosyltransferase (binary toxin) by strains of Clostridium difficile. FEMS Microbiol Lett 186, 307-312.
-
(2000)
FEMS Microbiol Lett
, vol.186
, pp. 307-312
-
-
Stubbs, S.1
Rupnik, M.2
Gibert, M.3
Brazier, J.4
Duerden, B.5
Popoff, M.6
-
29
-
-
77958586199
-
Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and association with toxin genes in Clostridium difficile in commercial swine
-
Thakur, S., Putnam, M., Fry, P. R., Abley, M. & Gebreyes, W. A. (2010). Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and association with toxin genes in Clostridium difficile in commercial swine. Am J Vet Res 71, 1189-1194.
-
(2010)
Am J Vet Res
, vol.71
, pp. 1189-1194
-
-
Thakur, S.1
Putnam, M.2
Fry, P.R.3
Abley, M.4
Gebreyes, W.A.5
-
30
-
-
0025765660
-
Purification and characterisation of toxin B from a strain of Clostridium difficile that does not produce toxin A
-
Torres, J. F. (1991). Purification and characterisation of toxin B from a strain of Clostridium difficile that does not produce toxin A. J Med Microbiol 35, 40-44.
-
(1991)
J Med Microbiol
, vol.35
, pp. 40-44
-
-
Torres, J.F.1
-
31
-
-
1542723582
-
Characterization of toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive Clostridium difficile isolates from outbreaks in different countries by amplified fragment length polymorphism and PCR ribotyping
-
van den Berg, R. J., Claas, E. C. J., Oyib, D. H., Klaassen, C. H. W., Dijkshoorn, L., Brazier, J. S. & Kuijper, E. J. (2004). Characterization of toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive Clostridium difficile isolates from outbreaks in different countries by amplified fragment length polymorphism and PCR ribotyping. J Clin Microbiol 42, 1035-1041.
-
(2004)
J Clin Microbiol
, vol.42
, pp. 1035-1041
-
-
van den Berg, R.J.1
Claas, E.C.J.2
Oyib, D.H.3
Klaassen, C.H.W.4
Dijkshoorn, L.5
Brazier, J.S.6
Kuijper, E.J.7
-
32
-
-
17444366186
-
Clostridiumdifficile toxins: Mechanism of action and role in disease
-
Voth, D. E. & Ballard, J. D. (2005). Clostridiumdifficile toxins: mechanism of action and role in disease. Clin Microbiol Rev 18, 247-263.
-
(2005)
Clin Microbiol Rev
, vol.18
, pp. 247-263
-
-
Voth, D.E.1
Ballard, J.D.2
|